diff --git a/src/components/ChatViewer.tsx b/src/components/ChatViewer.tsx
index 8d5c160..b36229d 100644
--- a/src/components/ChatViewer.tsx
+++ b/src/components/ChatViewer.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   Paperclip,
   Copy,
   CopyCheck,
+  FileText,
 } from "lucide-react";
 import { nip19 } from "nostr-tools";
 import { getZapRequest } from "applesauce-common/helpers/zap";
@@ -437,10 +438,6 @@ export function ChatViewer({
   customTitle,
   headerPrefix,
 }: ChatViewerProps) {
-  console.log("[ChatViewer] Received props:", {
-    protocol,
-    identifier: identifier?.type,
-  });
   const { addWindow } = useGrimoire();
 
   // Get active account with signing capability
@@ -752,33 +749,63 @@ export function ChatViewer({
     ? conversation?.metadata?.liveActivity
     : undefined;
 
-  // Derive participants from messages for live activities (unique pubkeys who have chatted)
+  // Derive participants from messages for live activities and NIP-10 threads
   const derivedParticipants = useMemo(() => {
-    if (conversation?.type !== "live-chat" || !messages) {
-      return conversation?.participants || [];
-    }
+    // NIP-10 threads: derive from messages with OP first
+    if (protocol === "nip-10" && messages && conversation) {
+      const rootAuthor = conversation.metadata?.rootEventId
+        ? messages.find((m) => m.id === conversation.metadata?.rootEventId)
+            ?.author
+        : undefined;
 
-    const hostPubkey = liveActivity?.hostPubkey;
-    const participants: { pubkey: string; role: "host" | "member" }[] = [];
+      const participants: { pubkey: string; role: "op" | "member" }[] = [];
 
-    // Host always first
-    if (hostPubkey) {
-      participants.push({ pubkey: hostPubkey, role: "host" });
-    }
-
-    // Add other participants from messages (excluding host)
-    const seen = new Set(hostPubkey ? [hostPubkey] : []);
-    for (const msg of messages) {
-      if (msg.type !== "system" && !seen.has(msg.author)) {
-        seen.add(msg.author);
-        participants.push({ pubkey: msg.author, role: "member" });
+      // OP (root author) always first
+      if (rootAuthor) {
+        participants.push({ pubkey: rootAuthor, role: "op" });
       }
+
+      // Add other participants from messages (excluding OP)
+      const seen = new Set(rootAuthor ? [rootAuthor] : []);
+      for (const msg of messages) {
+        if (msg.type !== "system" && !seen.has(msg.author)) {
+          seen.add(msg.author);
+          participants.push({ pubkey: msg.author, role: "member" });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return participants;
     }
 
-    return participants;
+    // Live activities: derive from messages with host first
+    if (conversation?.type === "live-chat" && messages) {
+      const hostPubkey = liveActivity?.hostPubkey;
+      const participants: { pubkey: string; role: "host" | "member" }[] = [];
+
+      // Host always first
+      if (hostPubkey) {
+        participants.push({ pubkey: hostPubkey, role: "host" });
+      }
+
+      // Add other participants from messages (excluding host)
+      const seen = new Set(hostPubkey ? [hostPubkey] : []);
+      for (const msg of messages) {
+        if (msg.type !== "system" && !seen.has(msg.author)) {
+          seen.add(msg.author);
+          participants.push({ pubkey: msg.author, role: "member" });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return participants;
+    }
+
+    // Other protocols: use static participants from conversation
+    return conversation?.participants || [];
   }, [
+    protocol,
     conversation?.type,
     conversation?.participants,
+    conversation?.metadata?.rootEventId,
     messages,
     liveActivity?.hostPubkey,
   ]);
@@ -881,9 +908,16 @@ export function ChatViewer({
                         conversation.type === "live-chat") && (
                         <span className="text-primary-foreground/60">•</span>
                       )}
-                      <span className="capitalize text-primary-foreground/80">
-                        {conversation.type}
-                      </span>
+                      {conversation.protocol === "nip-10" ? (
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1 text-primary-foreground/80">
+                          <FileText className="size-3" />
+                          Thread
+                        </span>
+                      ) : (
+                        <span className="capitalize text-primary-foreground/80">
+                          {conversation.type}
+                        </span>
+                      )}
                     </div>
                     {/* Live Activity Status */}
                     {liveActivity?.status && (
@@ -953,7 +987,9 @@ export function ChatViewer({
             alignToBottom
             components={{
               Header: () =>
-                hasMore && conversationResult.status === "success" ? (
+                hasMore &&
+                conversationResult.status === "success" &&
+                protocol !== "nip-10" ? (
                   <div className="flex justify-center py-2">
                     <Button
                       onClick={handleLoadOlder}
diff --git a/src/components/chat/ReplyPreview.tsx b/src/components/chat/ReplyPreview.tsx
index c1b5d63..197c5e5 100644
--- a/src/components/chat/ReplyPreview.tsx
+++ b/src/components/chat/ReplyPreview.tsx
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ export const ReplyPreview = memo(function ReplyPreview({
   // Load the event being replied to (reactive - updates when event arrives)
   const replyEvent = use$(() => eventStore.event(replyToId), [replyToId]);
 
-  // Check if replying to thread root (NIP-10)
-  const isRoot = conversation.metadata?.rootEventId === replyToId;
-
   // Fetch event from relays if not in store
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!replyEvent) {
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ export const ReplyPreview = memo(function ReplyPreview({
   if (!replyEvent) {
     return (
       <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-0.5">
-        ↳ Replying to {isRoot ? "thread root" : replyToId.slice(0, 8)}...
+        ↳ Replying to {replyToId.slice(0, 8)}...
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -62,14 +59,10 @@ export const ReplyPreview = memo(function ReplyPreview({
       title="Click to scroll to message"
     >
       <span className="flex-shrink-0">↳</span>
-      {isRoot ? (
-        <span className="font-medium flex-shrink-0">thread root</span>
-      ) : (
-        <UserName
-          pubkey={replyEvent.pubkey}
-          className="font-medium flex-shrink-0"
-        />
-      )}
+      <UserName
+        pubkey={replyEvent.pubkey}
+        className="font-medium flex-shrink-0"
+      />
       <div className="line-clamp-1 overflow-hidden flex-1 min-w-0">
         <RichText
           event={replyEvent}
diff --git a/src/lib/chat/adapters/nip-10-adapter.ts b/src/lib/chat/adapters/nip-10-adapter.ts
index 2863e22..edf72ca 100644
--- a/src/lib/chat/adapters/nip-10-adapter.ts
+++ b/src/lib/chat/adapters/nip-10-adapter.ts
@@ -681,10 +681,11 @@ export class Nip10Adapter extends ChatProtocolAdapter {
 
   /**
    * Determine best relays for the thread
+   * Includes relays from root author, provided event author, p-tagged participants, and active user
    */
   private async getThreadRelays(
     rootEvent: NostrEvent,
-    _providedEvent: NostrEvent,
+    providedEvent: NostrEvent,
     providedRelays: string[],
   ): Promise<string[]> {
     const relays = new Set<string>();
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@ export class Nip10Adapter extends ChatProtocolAdapter {
     // 1. Provided relay hints
     providedRelays.forEach((r) => relays.add(normalizeURL(r)));
 
-    // 2. Root author's outbox relays (NIP-65)
+    // 2. Root author's outbox relays (NIP-65) - highest priority
     try {
       const rootOutbox = await this.getOutboxRelays(rootEvent.pubkey);
       rootOutbox.slice(0, 3).forEach((r) => relays.add(normalizeURL(r)));
@@ -700,9 +701,46 @@ export class Nip10Adapter extends ChatProtocolAdapter {
       console.warn("[NIP-10] Failed to get root author outbox:", err);
     }
 
-    // 3. Active user's outbox (for publishing replies)
+    // 3. Collect unique participant pubkeys from both events' p-tags
+    const participantPubkeys = new Set<string>();
+
+    // Add p-tags from root event
+    for (const tag of rootEvent.tags) {
+      if (tag[0] === "p" && tag[1]) {
+        participantPubkeys.add(tag[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add p-tags from provided event
+    for (const tag of providedEvent.tags) {
+      if (tag[0] === "p" && tag[1]) {
+        participantPubkeys.add(tag[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add provided event author if different from root
+    if (providedEvent.pubkey !== rootEvent.pubkey) {
+      participantPubkeys.add(providedEvent.pubkey);
+    }
+
+    // 4. Fetch outbox relays from participant subset (limit to avoid slowdown)
+    // Take first 5 participants to get relay diversity without excessive fetching
+    const participantsToCheck = Array.from(participantPubkeys).slice(0, 5);
+    for (const pubkey of participantsToCheck) {
+      try {
+        const outbox = await this.getOutboxRelays(pubkey);
+        // Add 1 relay from each participant for diversity
+        if (outbox.length > 0) {
+          relays.add(normalizeURL(outbox[0]));
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        // Silently continue if participant has no relay list
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 5. Active user's outbox (for publishing replies)
     const activePubkey = accountManager.active$.value?.pubkey;
-    if (activePubkey) {
+    if (activePubkey && !participantPubkeys.has(activePubkey)) {
       try {
         const userOutbox = await this.getOutboxRelays(activePubkey);
         userOutbox.slice(0, 2).forEach((r) => relays.add(normalizeURL(r)));
@@ -711,7 +749,7 @@ export class Nip10Adapter extends ChatProtocolAdapter {
       }
     }
 
-    // 4. Fallback to popular relays if we have too few
+    // 6. Fallback to popular relays if we have too few
     if (relays.size < 3) {
       [
         "wss://relay.damus.io",
@@ -720,8 +758,12 @@ export class Nip10Adapter extends ChatProtocolAdapter {
       ].forEach((r) => relays.add(r));
     }
 
-    // Limit to 7 relays max for performance
-    return Array.from(relays).slice(0, 7);
+    console.log(
+      `[NIP-10] Collected ${relays.size} relays from root, ${participantsToCheck.length} participants, and fallbacks`,
+    );
+
+    // Limit to 10 relays max for performance
+    return Array.from(relays).slice(0, 10);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/types/man.ts b/src/types/man.ts
index 218c516..9031732 100644
--- a/src/types/man.ts
+++ b/src/types/man.ts
@@ -580,12 +580,7 @@ export const manPages: Record<string, ManPageEntry> = {
     appId: "chat",
     category: "Nostr",
     argParser: async (args: string[]) => {
-      console.log("[chat argParser] Input args:", args);
       const result = parseChatCommand(args);
-      console.log("[chat argParser] Parsed result:", {
-        protocol: result.protocol,
-        identifier: result.identifier,
-      });
       return {
         protocol: result.protocol,
         identifier: result.identifier,