diff --git a/src/agents/skills/frontmatter.ts b/src/agents/skills/frontmatter.ts
index a0775ba98545..efae3ba74a4b 100644
--- a/src/agents/skills/frontmatter.ts
+++ b/src/agents/skills/frontmatter.ts
@@ -104,14 +104,137 @@ export function resolveOpenClawMetadata(
 }
 
 function parseCapabilities(raw: unknown): SkillCapability[] | undefined {
-  const list = normalizeStringList(raw);
-  if (list.length === 0) {
+  const canonical = new Set<SkillCapability>();
+  const names = extractCapabilityNames(raw);
+  for (const name of names) {
+    const normalized = normalizeCapabilityName(name);
+    if (normalized) {
+      canonical.add(normalized);
+    }
+  }
+  return canonical.size > 0 ? [...canonical] : undefined;
+}
+
+const CAPABILITY_SET = new Set<string>(SKILL_CAPABILITIES as readonly string[]);
+
+// Accept common naming used across Codex/Claude/Cursor and map to canonical OpenClaw capabilities.
+const CAPABILITY_ALIASES: Record<string, SkillCapability> = {
+  // shell
+  bash: "shell",
+  command: "shell",
+  commands: "shell",
+  exec: "shell",
+  process: "shell",
+  shell: "shell",
+  terminal: "shell",
+  "shell.exec": "shell",
+  "shell.execute": "shell",
+  shell_exec: "shell",
+
+  // filesystem
+  "apply-patch": "filesystem",
+  apply_patch: "filesystem",
+  edit: "filesystem",
+  file: "filesystem",
+  files: "filesystem",
+  filesystem: "filesystem",
+  fs: "filesystem",
+  write: "filesystem",
+
+  // network
+  fetch: "network",
+  http: "network",
+  mcp: "network",
+  network: "network",
+  web: "network",
+  webfetch: "network",
+  "web-fetch": "network",
+  web_fetch: "network",
+  web_search: "network",
+  "web.search": "network",
+  "network.fetch": "network",
+  "network.search": "network",
+
+  // browser / computer-use style
+  browser: "browser",
+  "computer-use": "browser",
+  computer_use: "browser",
+  gui: "browser",
+  screen: "browser",
+  ui: "browser",
+
+  // sessions / orchestration
+  delegate: "sessions",
+  orchestration: "sessions",
+  sessions: "sessions",
+  sessions_send: "sessions",
+  sessions_spawn: "sessions",
+  subagent: "sessions",
+  subagents: "sessions",
+
+  // messaging
+  chat: "messaging",
+  message: "messaging",
+  messages: "messaging",
+  messaging: "messaging",
+
+  // scheduling
+  cron: "scheduling",
+  schedule: "scheduling",
+  scheduler: "scheduling",
+  scheduling: "scheduling",
+  timer: "scheduling",
+};
+
+function normalizeCapabilityName(raw: string): SkillCapability | undefined {
+  const key = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!key) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  const valid = list.filter((v): v is SkillCapability =>
-    (SKILL_CAPABILITIES as readonly string[]).includes(v),
-  );
-  return valid.length > 0 ? valid : undefined;
+  if (CAPABILITY_SET.has(key)) {
+    return key as SkillCapability;
+  }
+  const alias = CAPABILITY_ALIASES[key];
+  if (alias) {
+    return alias;
+  }
+  const firstSegment = key.split(/[._:-]/)[0];
+  if (CAPABILITY_SET.has(firstSegment)) {
+    return firstSegment as SkillCapability;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function extractCapabilityNames(raw: unknown): string[] {
+  if (!raw) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  if (typeof raw === "string") {
+    return normalizeStringList(raw);
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(raw)) {
+    const names: string[] = [];
+    for (const entry of raw) {
+      if (typeof entry === "string") {
+        names.push(entry);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (entry && typeof entry === "object" && !Array.isArray(entry)) {
+        const obj = entry as Record<string, unknown>;
+        const candidate = [obj.name, obj.type, obj.id, obj.capability].find(
+          (value) => typeof value === "string",
+        );
+        if (typeof candidate === "string") {
+          names.push(candidate);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return names;
+  }
+  if (typeof raw === "object") {
+    return Object.keys(raw as Record<string, unknown>);
+  }
+  return [];
 }
 
 export function resolveSkillInvocationPolicy(