Add missing typeinfo includes

The use of `typeid()` for logging exception types requires this include
according to https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/typeid.

Github-Pull: #17762
Rebased-From: 4bdd68f301

src/net_processing.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <util/validation.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <typeinfo>
 
 #if defined(NDEBUG)
 # error "Bitcoin cannot be compiled without assertions."