[qa] Test non-atomic chainstate writes

Adds new functional test, dbcrash.py, which uses -dbcrashratio to exercise the
logic for recovering from a crash during chainstate flush.

dbcrash.py is added to the extended tests, as it may take ~10 minutes to run

Use _Exit() instead of exit() for crash simulation

This eliminates stderr output such as:
    terminate called without an active exception
or
    Assertion failed: (!pthread_mutex_destroy(&m)), function ~recursive_mutex, file /usr/local/include/boost/thread/pthread/recursive_mutex.hpp, line 104.

Eliminating the stderr output on crash simulation allows testing with
test_runner.py, which reports a test as failed if stderr is produced.

src/txdb.cpp

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ bool CCoinsViewDB::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) {
                 static FastRandomContext rng;
                 if (rng.randrange(crash_simulate) == 0) {
                     LogPrintf("Simulating a crash. Goodbye.\n");
-                    exit(0);
+                    _Exit(0);
                 }
             }
         }