Merge #13666: Always create signatures with Low R values

e306be7429 Use 72 byte dummy signatures when watching only inputs may be used (Andrew Chow)
48b1473c89 Use 71 byte signature for DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR (Andrew Chow)
18dfea0dd0 Always create 70 byte signatures with low R values (Andrew Chow)

Pull request description:

  When creating signatures for transactions, always make one which has a 32 byte or smaller R and 32 byte or smaller S value. This results in signatures that are always less than 71 bytes (32 byte R + 32 byte S + 6 bytes DER + 1 byte sighash) with low R values. In most cases, the signature will be 71 bytes.

  Because R is not mutable in the same way that S is, a low R value can only be found by trying different nonces. RFC 6979 for deterministic nonce generation has the option to specify additional entropy, so we simply use that and add a uin32_t counter which we increment in order to try different nonces. Nonces are sill deterministically generated as the nonce used will the be the first one where the counter results in a nonce that results in a low R value. Because different nonces need to be tried, time to produce a signature does increase. On average, it takes twice as long to make a signature as two signatures need to be created, on average, to find one with a low R.

  Having a fixed size signature makes size calculations easier and also saves half a byte of transaction size, on average.

  DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR has been modified to produce 71 byte dummy signatures instead of 72 byte signatures.

Tree-SHA512: 3cd791505126ce92da7c631856a97ba0b59e87d9c132feff6e0eef1dc47768e81fbb38bfbe970371bedf9714b7f61a13a5fe9f30f962c81734092a4d19a4ef33

src/script/sign.cpp

@@ -417,22 +417,25 @@ public:
 const DummySignatureChecker DUMMY_CHECKER;
 
 class DummySignatureCreator final : public BaseSignatureCreator {
+private:
+    char m_r_len = 32;
+    char m_s_len = 32;
 public:
-    DummySignatureCreator() {}
+    DummySignatureCreator(char r_len, char s_len) : m_r_len(r_len), m_s_len(s_len) {}
     const BaseSignatureChecker& Checker() const override { return DUMMY_CHECKER; }
     bool CreateSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig, const CKeyID& keyid, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override
     {
         // Create a dummy signature that is a valid DER-encoding
-        vchSig.assign(72, '\000');
+        vchSig.assign(m_r_len + m_s_len + 7, '\000');
         vchSig[0] = 0x30;
-        vchSig[1] = 69;
+        vchSig[1] = m_r_len + m_s_len + 4;
         vchSig[2] = 0x02;
-        vchSig[3] = 33;
+        vchSig[3] = m_r_len;
         vchSig[4] = 0x01;
-        vchSig[4 + 33] = 0x02;
-        vchSig[5 + 33] = 32;
-        vchSig[6 + 33] = 0x01;
-        vchSig[6 + 33 + 32] = SIGHASH_ALL;
+        vchSig[4 + m_r_len] = 0x02;
+        vchSig[5 + m_r_len] = m_s_len;
+        vchSig[6 + m_r_len] = 0x01;
+        vchSig[6 + m_r_len + m_s_len] = SIGHASH_ALL;
         return true;
     }
 };
@@ -450,7 +453,8 @@ bool LookupHelper(const M& map, const K& key, V& value)
 
 }
 
-const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR = DummySignatureCreator();
+const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR = DummySignatureCreator(32, 32);
+const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_MAXIMUM_SIGNATURE_CREATOR = DummySignatureCreator(33, 32);
 const SigningProvider& DUMMY_SIGNING_PROVIDER = SigningProvider();
 
 bool IsSolvable(const SigningProvider& provider, const CScript& script)

src/script/sign.h

@@ -80,8 +80,10 @@ public:
     bool CreateSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig, const CKeyID& keyid, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override;
 };
 
-/** A signature creator that just produces 72-byte empty signatures. */
+/** A signature creator that just produces 71-byte empty signatures. */
 extern const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR;
+/** A signature creator that just produces 72-byte empty signatures. */
+extern const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_MAXIMUM_SIGNATURE_CREATOR;
 
 typedef std::pair<CPubKey, std::vector<unsigned char>> SigPair;