Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#23577: Follow-ups to Bech32 error detection

a4fe70171b Make Bech32 LocateErrors return error list rather than using out-arg (Samuel Dobson)
2fa4fd1961 Use std::iota instead of manually pushing range (Samuel Dobson)
405c96fc9f Use bounds-checked array lookups in Bech32 error detection code (Samuel Dobson)
28d9c2857f Simplify encoding of e in GF(1024) tables to (1,0) (Samuel Dobson)
14358a029d Replace GF1024 tables and syndrome constants with compile-time generated constexprs. (Samuel Dobson)
63f7b69779 Update release note for bech32 error detection (Samuel Dobson)
c8b9a224e7 Report encoding type in bech32 error message (Samuel Dobson)
92f0cafdca Improve Bech32 boost tests (Samuel Dobson)
bb4d3e9b97 Address review comments for Bech32 error validation (Samuel Dobson)

Pull request description:

  A number of follow-ups and improvements to the bech32 error location code, introduced in #16807.

  Notably, this removes the hardcoded GF1024 tables in favour of constexpr table generation.

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    Re-ACK a4fe70171b

Tree-SHA512: 6312373c20ebd6636f5797304876fa0d70fa777de2f6c507245f51a652b3d1224ebc55b236c9e11e6956c1e88e65faadab51d53587078efccb451455aa2e2276

doc/release-notes-16807.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 Updated RPCs
 ------------
 
-- The `validateaddress` RPC now optionally returns an `error_locations` array, with the indices of
-invalid characters in the address. For example, this will return the locations of up to two Bech32
-errors.
+- The `validateaddress` RPC now returns an `error_locations` array for invalid
+addresses, with the indices of invalid character locations in the address (if
+known). For example, this will attempt to locate up to two Bech32 errors, and
+return their locations if successful. Success and correctness are only guaranteed
+if fewer than two substitution errors have been made.
+The error message returned in the `error` field now also returns more specific
+errors when decoding fails.