Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30386: Early logging improvements

b4dd7ab43e logging: use std::string_view (Anthony Towns)
558df5c733 logging: Apply formatting to early log messages (Anthony Towns)
6cf9b34440 logging: Limit early logging buffer (Anthony Towns)
0b1960f1b2 logging: Add DisableLogging() (Anthony Towns)
6bbc2dd6c5 logging: Add thread safety annotations (Anthony Towns)

Pull request description:

  In order to cope gracefully with `Log*()` calls that are invoked prior to logging being fully configured (indicated by calling `StartLogging()` we buffer early log messages in `m_msgs_before_open`. This has a couple of minor issues:

   * if there are many such log messages the buffer can become arbitrarily large; this can be a problem for users of libkernel that might not wish to worry about logging at all, and as a result never invoke `StartLogging()`
   * early log messages are formatted before the formatting options are configured, leading to inconsistent output

  Fix those issues by buffering the log info prior to formatting it, and setting a limit on the size of the buffer (dropping the oldest lines, and reporting the number of lines skipped).

  Also adds some thread safety annotations, and the ability to invoke `LogInstance().DisableLogging()` if you want to disable logging entirely, for a minor efficiency improvement.

ACKs for top commit:
  maflcko:
    re-ACK b4dd7ab43e 🕴
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK b4dd7ab43e
  TheCharlatan:
    Nice, ACK b4dd7ab43e

Tree-SHA512: 966660181276939225a9f776de6ee0665e44577d2ee9cc76b06c8937297217482e6e426bdc5772d1ce533a0ba093a8556b6a50857d4c876ad8923e432a200440

src/bitcoin-chainstate.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <core_io.h>
+#include <logging.h>
 #include <node/blockstorage.h>
 #include <node/caches.h>
 #include <node/chainstate.h>
@@ -41,6 +42,12 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 {
+    // We do not enable logging for this app, so explicitly disable it.
+    // To enable logging instead, replace with:
+    //    LogInstance().m_print_to_console = true;
+    //    LogInstance().StartLogging();
+    LogInstance().DisableLogging();
+
     // SETUP: Argument parsing and handling
     if (argc != 2) {
         std::cerr