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Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31551: [IBD] batch block reads/writes during AutoFile serialization
8d801e3efboptimization: bulk serialization writes in `WriteBlockUndo` and `WriteBlock` (Lőrinc)520965e293optimization: bulk serialization reads in `UndoRead`, `ReadBlock` (Lőrinc)056cb3c0d2refactor: clear up blockstorage/streams in preparation for optimization (Lőrinc)67fcc64802log: unify error messages for (read/write)[undo]block (Lőrinc)a4de160492scripted-diff: shorten BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE constant (Lőrinc)6640dd52c9Narrow scope of undofile write to avoid possible resource management issue (Lőrinc)3197155f91refactor: collect block read operations into try block (Lőrinc)c77e3107b8refactor: rename leftover WriteBlockBench (Lőrinc) Pull request description: This change is part of [[IBD] - Tracking PR for speeding up Initial Block Download](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/32043) ### Summary We can serialize the blocks and undos to any `Stream` which implements the appropriate read/write methods. `AutoFile` is one of these, writing the results "directly" to disk (through the OS file cache). Batching these in memory first and reading/writing these to disk is measurably faster (likely because of fewer native fread calls or less locking, as [observed](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28226#issuecomment-1666842501) by Martinus in a similar change). ### Unlocking new optimization opportunities Buffered writes will also enable batched obfuscation calculations (implemented in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/31144) - especially since currently we need to copy the write input's std::span to do the obfuscation on it, and batching enables doing the operations on the internal buffer directly. ### Measurements (micro benchmarks, full IBDs and reindexes) Microbenchmarks for `[Read|Write]BlockBench` show a ~**30%**/**168%** speedup with `macOS/Clang`, and ~**19%**/**24%** with `Linux/GCC` (the follow-up XOR batching improves these further): <details> <summary>macOS Sequoia - Clang 19.1.7</summary> > Before: | ns/op | op/s | err% | total | benchmark |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------:|:---------- | 2,271,441.67 | 440.25 | 0.1% | 11.00 | `ReadBlockBench` | 5,149,564.31 | 194.19 | 0.8% | 10.95 | `WriteBlockBench` > After: | ns/op | op/s | err% | total | benchmark |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------:|:---------- | 1,738,683.04 | 575.15 | 0.2% | 11.04 | `ReadBlockBench` | 3,052,658.88 | 327.58 | 1.0% | 10.91 | `WriteBlockBench` </details> <details> <summary>Ubuntu 24 - GNU 13.3.0</summary> > Before: | ns/op | op/s | err% | ins/op | cyc/op | IPC | bra/op | miss% | total | benchmark |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------:|---------------:|--------:|----------:|:---------- | 6,895,987.11 | 145.01 | 0.0% | 71,055,269.86 | 23,977,374.37 | 2.963 | 5,074,828.78 | 0.4% | 22.00 | `ReadBlockBench` | 5,152,973.58 | 194.06 | 2.2% | 19,350,886.41 | 8,784,539.75 | 2.203 | 3,079,335.21 | 0.4% | 23.18 | `WriteBlockBench` > After: | ns/op | op/s | err% | ins/op | cyc/op | IPC | bra/op | miss% | total | benchmark |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------:|---------------:|--------:|----------:|:---------- | 5,771,882.71 | 173.25 | 0.0% | 65,741,889.82 | 20,453,232.33 | 3.214 | 3,971,321.75 | 0.3% | 22.01 | `ReadBlockBench` | 4,145,681.13 | 241.21 | 4.0% | 15,337,596.85 | 5,732,186.47 | 2.676 | 2,239,662.64 | 0.1% | 23.94 | `WriteBlockBench` </details> 2 full IBD runs against master (compiled with GCC where the gains seem more modest) for **888888** blocks (seeded from real nodes) indicates a ~**7%** total speedup. <details> <summary>Details</summary> ```bash COMMITS="d2b72b13699cf460ffbcb1028bcf5f3b07d3b73a 652b4e3de5c5e09fb812abe265f4a8946fa96b54"; \ STOP_HEIGHT=888888; DBCACHE=1000; \ C_COMPILER=gcc; CXX_COMPILER=g++; \ BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs"; \ (for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch origin $c -q && git log -1 --pretty=format:'%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) && \ hyperfine \ --sort 'command' \ --runs 2 \ --export-json "$BASE_DIR/ibd-${COMMITS// /-}-$STOP_HEIGHT-$DBCACHE-$C_COMPILER.json" \ --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,} \ --prepare "killall bitcoind; rm -rf $DATA_DIR/*; git checkout {COMMIT}; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard; \ cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_WALLET=OFF -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$C_COMPILER -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$CXX_COMPILER && \ cmake --build build -j$(nproc) --target bitcoind && \ ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=1 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 100" \ --cleanup "cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log" \ "COMPILER=$C_COMPILER COMMIT=${COMMIT:0:10} ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP_HEIGHT -dbcache=$DBCACHE -blocksonly -printtoconsole=0" d2b72b1369 refactor: rename leftover WriteBlockBench 652b4e3de5 optimization: Bulk serialization writes in `WriteBlockUndo` and `WriteBlock` Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=888888 -dbcache=1000 -blocksonly -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = d2b72b13699cf460ffbcb1028bcf5f3b07d3b73a) Time (mean ± σ): 41528.104 s ± 354.003 s [User: 44324.407 s, System: 3074.829 s] Range (min … max): 41277.786 s … 41778.421 s 2 runs Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=888888 -dbcache=1000 -blocksonly -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 652b4e3de5c5e09fb812abe265f4a8946fa96b54) Time (mean ± σ): 38771.457 s ± 441.941 s [User: 41930.651 s, System: 3222.664 s] Range (min … max): 38458.957 s … 39083.957 s 2 runs Relative speed comparison 1.07 ± 0.02 COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=888888 -dbcache=1000 -blocksonly -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = d2b72b13699cf460ffbcb1028bcf5f3b07d3b73a) 1.00 COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=888888 -dbcache=1000 -blocksonly -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 652b4e3de5c5e09fb812abe265f4a8946fa96b54) ``` </details> ACKs for top commit: maflcko: re-ACK8d801e3efb🐦 achow101: ACK8d801e3efbryanofsky: Code review ACK8d801e3efb. Most notable change is switching from BufferedReader to ReadRawBlock for block reads, which makes sense, and there are also various cleanups in blockstorage and test code. hodlinator: re-ACK8d801e3efbTree-SHA512: 24e1dee653b927b760c0ba3c69d1aba15fa5d9c4536ad11cfc2d70196ae16b9228ecc3056eef70923364257d72dc929882e73e69c6c426e28139d31299d08adc
This commit is contained in:
Ava Chow
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ bool BlockManager::LoadBlockIndexDB(const std::optional<uint256>& snapshot_block
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}
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for (std::set<int>::iterator it = setBlkDataFiles.begin(); it != setBlkDataFiles.end(); it++) {
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FlatFilePos pos(*it, 0);
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if (OpenBlockFile(pos, true).IsNull()) {
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if (OpenBlockFile(pos, /*fReadOnly=*/true).IsNull()) {
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return false;
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}
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}
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@@ -660,27 +660,30 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadBlockUndo(CBlockUndo& blockundo, const CBlockIndex& index
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const FlatFilePos pos{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return index.GetUndoPos())};
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// Open history file to read
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AutoFile filein{OpenUndoFile(pos, true)};
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if (filein.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenUndoFile failed for %s", pos.ToString());
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AutoFile file{OpenUndoFile(pos, true)};
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if (file.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenUndoFile failed for %s while reading block undo", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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BufferedReader filein{std::move(file)};
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// Read block
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uint256 hashChecksum;
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HashVerifier verifier{filein}; // Use HashVerifier as reserializing may lose data, c.f. commit d342424301013ec47dc146a4beb49d5c9319d80a
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try {
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// Read block
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HashVerifier verifier{filein}; // Use HashVerifier, as reserializing may lose data, c.f. commit d3424243
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verifier << index.pprev->GetBlockHash();
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verifier >> blockundo;
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filein >> hashChecksum;
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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LogError("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s\n", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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// Verify checksum
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if (hashChecksum != verifier.GetHash()) {
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LogError("%s: Checksum mismatch at %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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uint256 hashChecksum;
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filein >> hashChecksum;
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// Verify checksum
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if (hashChecksum != verifier.GetHash()) {
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LogError("Checksum mismatch at %s while reading block undo", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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LogError("Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s while reading block undo", e.what(), pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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@@ -931,30 +934,35 @@ bool BlockManager::WriteBlockUndo(const CBlockUndo& blockundo, BlockValidationSt
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// Write undo information to disk
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if (block.GetUndoPos().IsNull()) {
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FlatFilePos pos;
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const unsigned int blockundo_size{static_cast<unsigned int>(GetSerializeSize(blockundo))};
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const auto blockundo_size{static_cast<uint32_t>(GetSerializeSize(blockundo))};
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if (!FindUndoPos(state, block.nFile, pos, blockundo_size + UNDO_DATA_DISK_OVERHEAD)) {
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LogError("FindUndoPos failed");
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LogError("FindUndoPos failed for %s while writing block undo", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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// Open history file to append
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AutoFile fileout{OpenUndoFile(pos)};
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if (fileout.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenUndoFile failed");
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return FatalError(m_opts.notifications, state, _("Failed to write undo data."));
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{
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// Open history file to append
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AutoFile file{OpenUndoFile(pos)};
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if (file.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenUndoFile failed for %s while writing block undo", pos.ToString());
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return FatalError(m_opts.notifications, state, _("Failed to write undo data."));
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}
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BufferedWriter fileout{file};
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// Write index header
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fileout << GetParams().MessageStart() << blockundo_size;
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pos.nPos += STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES;
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{
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// Calculate checksum
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HashWriter hasher{};
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hasher << block.pprev->GetBlockHash() << blockundo;
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// Write undo data & checksum
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fileout << blockundo << hasher.GetHash();
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}
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fileout.flush(); // Make sure `AutoFile`/`BufferedWriter` go out of scope before we call `FlushUndoFile`
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}
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// Write index header
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fileout << GetParams().MessageStart() << blockundo_size;
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// Write undo data
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pos.nPos += BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE;
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fileout << blockundo;
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// Calculate & write checksum
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HashWriter hasher{};
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hasher << block.pprev->GetBlockHash();
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hasher << blockundo;
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fileout << hasher.GetHash();
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// rev files are written in block height order, whereas blk files are written as blocks come in (often out of order)
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// we want to flush the rev (undo) file once we've written the last block, which is indicated by the last height
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// in the block file info as below; note that this does not catch the case where the undo writes are keeping up
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@@ -986,29 +994,28 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadBlock(CBlock& block, const FlatFilePos& pos) const
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block.SetNull();
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// Open history file to read
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AutoFile filein{OpenBlockFile(pos, true)};
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if (filein.IsNull()) {
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LogError("%s: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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std::vector<uint8_t> block_data;
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if (!ReadRawBlock(block_data, pos)) {
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return false;
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}
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// Read block
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try {
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filein >> TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);
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// Read block
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SpanReader{block_data} >> TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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LogError("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s\n", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
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LogError("Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s while reading block", e.what(), pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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// Check the header
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if (!CheckProofOfWork(block.GetHash(), block.nBits, GetConsensus())) {
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LogError("%s: Errors in block header at %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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LogError("Errors in block header at %s while reading block", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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// Signet only: check block solution
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if (GetConsensus().signet_blocks && !CheckSignetBlockSolution(block, GetConsensus())) {
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LogError("%s: Errors in block solution at %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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LogError("Errors in block solution at %s while reading block", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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@@ -1023,7 +1030,7 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadBlock(CBlock& block, const CBlockIndex& index) const
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return false;
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}
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if (block.GetHash() != index.GetBlockHash()) {
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LogError("%s: GetHash() doesn't match index for %s at %s\n", __func__, index.ToString(), block_pos.ToString());
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LogError("GetHash() doesn't match index for %s at %s while reading block", index.ToString(), block_pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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return true;
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@@ -1031,17 +1038,16 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadBlock(CBlock& block, const CBlockIndex& index) const
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bool BlockManager::ReadRawBlock(std::vector<uint8_t>& block, const FlatFilePos& pos) const
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{
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FlatFilePos hpos = pos;
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// If nPos is less than 8 the pos is null and we don't have the block data
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// Return early to prevent undefined behavior of unsigned int underflow
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if (hpos.nPos < 8) {
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LogError("%s: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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if (pos.nPos < STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES) {
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// If nPos is less than STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES, we can't read the header that precedes the block data
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// This would cause an unsigned integer underflow when trying to position the file cursor
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// This can happen after pruning or default constructed positions
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LogError("Failed for %s while reading raw block storage header", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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hpos.nPos -= 8; // Seek back 8 bytes for meta header
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AutoFile filein{OpenBlockFile(hpos, true)};
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AutoFile filein{OpenBlockFile({pos.nFile, pos.nPos - STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES}, /*fReadOnly=*/true)};
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if (filein.IsNull()) {
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LogError("%s: OpenBlockFile failed for %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString());
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LogError("OpenBlockFile failed for %s while reading raw block", pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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@@ -1052,22 +1058,21 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadRawBlock(std::vector<uint8_t>& block, const FlatFilePos&
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filein >> blk_start >> blk_size;
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if (blk_start != GetParams().MessageStart()) {
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LogError("%s: Block magic mismatch for %s: %s versus expected %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString(),
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HexStr(blk_start),
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HexStr(GetParams().MessageStart()));
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LogError("Block magic mismatch for %s: %s versus expected %s while reading raw block",
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pos.ToString(), HexStr(blk_start), HexStr(GetParams().MessageStart()));
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return false;
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}
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if (blk_size > MAX_SIZE) {
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LogError("%s: Block data is larger than maximum deserialization size for %s: %s versus %s\n", __func__, pos.ToString(),
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blk_size, MAX_SIZE);
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LogError("Block data is larger than maximum deserialization size for %s: %s versus %s while reading raw block",
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pos.ToString(), blk_size, MAX_SIZE);
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return false;
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}
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block.resize(blk_size); // Zeroing of memory is intentional here
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filein.read(MakeWritableByteSpan(block));
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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LogError("%s: Read from block file failed: %s for %s\n", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
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LogError("Read from block file failed: %s for %s while reading raw block", e.what(), pos.ToString());
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return false;
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}
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@@ -1077,22 +1082,23 @@ bool BlockManager::ReadRawBlock(std::vector<uint8_t>& block, const FlatFilePos&
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FlatFilePos BlockManager::WriteBlock(const CBlock& block, int nHeight)
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{
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const unsigned int block_size{static_cast<unsigned int>(GetSerializeSize(TX_WITH_WITNESS(block)))};
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FlatFilePos pos{FindNextBlockPos(block_size + BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE, nHeight, block.GetBlockTime())};
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FlatFilePos pos{FindNextBlockPos(block_size + STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES, nHeight, block.GetBlockTime())};
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if (pos.IsNull()) {
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LogError("FindNextBlockPos failed");
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LogError("FindNextBlockPos failed for %s while writing block", pos.ToString());
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return FlatFilePos();
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}
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AutoFile fileout{OpenBlockFile(pos)};
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if (fileout.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenBlockFile failed");
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AutoFile file{OpenBlockFile(pos, /*fReadOnly=*/false)};
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if (file.IsNull()) {
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LogError("OpenBlockFile failed for %s while writing block", pos.ToString());
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m_opts.notifications.fatalError(_("Failed to write block."));
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return FlatFilePos();
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}
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BufferedWriter fileout{file};
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// Write index header
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fileout << GetParams().MessageStart() << block_size;
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pos.nPos += STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES;
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// Write block
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pos.nPos += BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE;
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fileout << TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);
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return pos;
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}
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@@ -1201,7 +1207,7 @@ void ImportBlocks(ChainstateManager& chainman, std::span<const fs::path> import_
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if (!fs::exists(chainman.m_blockman.GetBlockPosFilename(pos))) {
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break; // No block files left to reindex
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}
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AutoFile file{chainman.m_blockman.OpenBlockFile(pos, true)};
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AutoFile file{chainman.m_blockman.OpenBlockFile(pos, /*fReadOnly=*/true)};
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if (file.IsNull()) {
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break; // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
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}
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@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ static const unsigned int UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE = 0x100000; // 1 MiB
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static const unsigned int MAX_BLOCKFILE_SIZE = 0x8000000; // 128 MiB
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/** Size of header written by WriteBlock before a serialized CBlock (8 bytes) */
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static constexpr size_t BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE{std::tuple_size_v<MessageStartChars> + sizeof(unsigned int)};
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static constexpr uint32_t STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES{std::tuple_size_v<MessageStartChars> + sizeof(unsigned int)};
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/** Total overhead when writing undo data: header (8 bytes) plus checksum (32 bytes) */
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static constexpr size_t UNDO_DATA_DISK_OVERHEAD{BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE + uint256::size()};
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static constexpr uint32_t UNDO_DATA_DISK_OVERHEAD{STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES + uint256::size()};
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// Because validation code takes pointers to the map's CBlockIndex objects, if
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// we ever switch to another associative container, we need to either use a
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@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ private:
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* blockfile info, and checks if there is enough disk space to save the block.
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*
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* The nAddSize argument passed to this function should include not just the size of the serialized CBlock, but also the size of
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* separator fields (BLOCK_SERIALIZATION_HEADER_SIZE).
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* separator fields (STORAGE_HEADER_BYTES).
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*/
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[[nodiscard]] FlatFilePos FindNextBlockPos(unsigned int nAddSize, unsigned int nHeight, uint64_t nTime);
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[[nodiscard]] bool FlushChainstateBlockFile(int tip_height);
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@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ public:
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void UpdatePruneLock(const std::string& name, const PruneLockInfo& lock_info) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
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/** Open a block file (blk?????.dat) */
|
||||
AutoFile OpenBlockFile(const FlatFilePos& pos, bool fReadOnly = false) const;
|
||||
AutoFile OpenBlockFile(const FlatFilePos& pos, bool fReadOnly) const;
|
||||
|
||||
/** Translation to a filesystem path */
|
||||
fs::path GetBlockPosFilename(const FlatFilePos& pos) const;
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user