util: Introduce ToIntegral<T>(const std::string&) for locale independent parsing using std::from_chars(…) (C++17)

util: Avoid locale dependent functions strtol/strtoll/strtoul/strtoull in ParseInt32/ParseInt64/ParseUInt32/ParseUInt64

fuzz: Assert equivalence between new and old Parse{Int,Uint}{8,32,64} functions

test: Add unit tests for ToIntegral<T>(const std::string&)

src/test/fuzz/string.cpp

@@ -31,9 +31,99 @@
 #include <version.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+namespace {
+bool LegacyParsePrechecks(const std::string& str)
+{
+    if (str.empty()) // No empty string allowed
+        return false;
+    if (str.size() >= 1 && (IsSpace(str[0]) || IsSpace(str[str.size() - 1]))) // No padding allowed
+        return false;
+    if (!ValidAsCString(str)) // No embedded NUL characters allowed
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LegacyParseInt32(const std::string& str, int32_t* out)
+{
+    if (!LegacyParsePrechecks(str))
+        return false;
+    char* endp = nullptr;
+    errno = 0; // strtol will not set errno if valid
+    long int n = strtol(str.c_str(), &endp, 10);
+    if (out) *out = (int32_t)n;
+    // Note that strtol returns a *long int*, so even if strtol doesn't report an over/underflow
+    // we still have to check that the returned value is within the range of an *int32_t*. On 64-bit
+    // platforms the size of these types may be different.
+    return endp && *endp == 0 && !errno &&
+           n >= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min() &&
+           n <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+}
+
+bool LegacyParseInt64(const std::string& str, int64_t* out)
+{
+    if (!LegacyParsePrechecks(str))
+        return false;
+    char* endp = nullptr;
+    errno = 0; // strtoll will not set errno if valid
+    long long int n = strtoll(str.c_str(), &endp, 10);
+    if (out) *out = (int64_t)n;
+    // Note that strtoll returns a *long long int*, so even if strtol doesn't report an over/underflow
+    // we still have to check that the returned value is within the range of an *int64_t*.
+    return endp && *endp == 0 && !errno &&
+           n >= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() &&
+           n <= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
+}
+
+bool LegacyParseUInt32(const std::string& str, uint32_t* out)
+{
+    if (!LegacyParsePrechecks(str))
+        return false;
+    if (str.size() >= 1 && str[0] == '-') // Reject negative values, unfortunately strtoul accepts these by default if they fit in the range
+        return false;
+    char* endp = nullptr;
+    errno = 0; // strtoul will not set errno if valid
+    unsigned long int n = strtoul(str.c_str(), &endp, 10);
+    if (out) *out = (uint32_t)n;
+    // Note that strtoul returns a *unsigned long int*, so even if it doesn't report an over/underflow
+    // we still have to check that the returned value is within the range of an *uint32_t*. On 64-bit
+    // platforms the size of these types may be different.
+    return endp && *endp == 0 && !errno &&
+           n <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+}
+
+bool LegacyParseUInt8(const std::string& str, uint8_t* out)
+{
+    uint32_t u32;
+    if (!LegacyParseUInt32(str, &u32) || u32 > std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (out != nullptr) {
+        *out = static_cast<uint8_t>(u32);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LegacyParseUInt64(const std::string& str, uint64_t* out)
+{
+    if (!LegacyParsePrechecks(str))
+        return false;
+    if (str.size() >= 1 && str[0] == '-') // Reject negative values, unfortunately strtoull accepts these by default if they fit in the range
+        return false;
+    char* endp = nullptr;
+    errno = 0; // strtoull will not set errno if valid
+    unsigned long long int n = strtoull(str.c_str(), &endp, 10);
+    if (out) *out = (uint64_t)n;
+    // Note that strtoull returns a *unsigned long long int*, so even if it doesn't report an over/underflow
+    // we still have to check that the returned value is within the range of an *uint64_t*.
+    return endp && *endp == 0 && !errno &&
+           n <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
+}
+}; // namespace
+
 FUZZ_TARGET(string)
 {
     FuzzedDataProvider fuzzed_data_provider(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
@@ -133,4 +223,49 @@ FUZZ_TARGET(string)
         const bilingual_str bs2{random_string_2, random_string_1};
         (void)(bs1 + bs2);
     }
+    {
+        int32_t i32;
+        int64_t i64;
+        uint32_t u32;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        uint8_t u8;
+        const bool ok_i32 = ParseInt32(random_string_1, &i32);
+        const bool ok_i64 = ParseInt64(random_string_1, &i64);
+        const bool ok_u32 = ParseUInt32(random_string_1, &u32);
+        const bool ok_u64 = ParseUInt64(random_string_1, &u64);
+        const bool ok_u8 = ParseUInt8(random_string_1, &u8);
+
+        int32_t i32_legacy;
+        int64_t i64_legacy;
+        uint32_t u32_legacy;
+        uint64_t u64_legacy;
+        uint8_t u8_legacy;
+        const bool ok_i32_legacy = LegacyParseInt32(random_string_1, &i32_legacy);
+        const bool ok_i64_legacy = LegacyParseInt64(random_string_1, &i64_legacy);
+        const bool ok_u32_legacy = LegacyParseUInt32(random_string_1, &u32_legacy);
+        const bool ok_u64_legacy = LegacyParseUInt64(random_string_1, &u64_legacy);
+        const bool ok_u8_legacy = LegacyParseUInt8(random_string_1, &u8_legacy);
+
+        assert(ok_i32 == ok_i32_legacy);
+        assert(ok_i64 == ok_i64_legacy);
+        assert(ok_u32 == ok_u32_legacy);
+        assert(ok_u64 == ok_u64_legacy);
+        assert(ok_u8 == ok_u8_legacy);
+
+        if (ok_i32) {
+            assert(i32 == i32_legacy);
+        }
+        if (ok_i64) {
+            assert(i64 == i64_legacy);
+        }
+        if (ok_u32) {
+            assert(u32 == u32_legacy);
+        }
+        if (ok_u64) {
+            assert(u64 == u64_legacy);
+        }
+        if (ok_u8) {
+            assert(u8 == u8_legacy);
+        }
+    }
 }