util: Move util/string.h functions to util namespace

There are no changes to behavior. Changes in this commit are all additions, and
are easiest to review using "git diff -U0 --word-diff-regex=." options.

Motivation for this change is to keep util functions with really generic names
like "Split" and "Join" out of the global namespace so it is easier to see
where these functions are defined, and so they don't interfere with function
overloading, especially since the util library is a dependency of the kernel
library and intended to be used with external code.

src/test/util_tests.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 using namespace std::literals;
+using util::Join;
+using util::RemovePrefix;
+using util::RemovePrefixView;
+using util::ReplaceAll;
+using util::Split;
+using util::SplitString;
+using util::TrimString;
+using util::TrimStringView;
+
 static const std::string STRING_WITH_EMBEDDED_NULL_CHAR{"1"s "\0" "1"s};
 
 /* defined in logging.cpp */