Merge #19041: ci: tsan with -stdlib=libc++-10

faf62e6ed0 ci: Remove unused workaround (MarcoFalke)
fa7c850915 ci: Install llvm to get llvm symbolizer (MarcoFalke)
fa563cef61 test: Add more tsan suppressions (MarcoFalke)
fa0cc02c0a ci: Mute depends logs completely (MarcoFalke)
fa906bf298 test: Extend tsan suppressions for clang stdlib (MarcoFalke)
fa10d85079 ci: Use libc++ instead of libstdc++ for tsan (MarcoFalke)
fa0d5ee112 ci: Set halt_on_error=1 for tsan (MarcoFalke)
fa2ffe87f7 ci: Deduplicate DOCKER_EXEC (MarcoFalke)
fac2eeeb9d cirrus: Remove no longer needed install step (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  According to the [ThreadSanitizer docs](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThreadSanitizer.html#current-status):
  >  C++11 threading is supported with **llvm libc++**.

  For example, the thread sanitizer build is currently not checking for double lock of mutexes.

  Fixes (partially) https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/19038#issuecomment-632138003

ACKs for top commit:
  practicalswift:
    ACK faf62e6ed0
  fanquake:
    ACK faf62e6ed0
  hebasto:
    ACK faf62e6ed0, maybe re-organize commits to modify suppressions in a single one?

Tree-SHA512: 98ce5154b4736dfb811ffdb6e6f63a7bc25fe50d3b73134404a8f3715ad53626c31f9c8132dbacf85de47b9409f1e17a4399e35f78b1da30b1577167ea2982ad

test/sanitizer_suppressions/tsan

@@ -1,6 +1,29 @@
 # ThreadSanitizer suppressions
 # ============================
 
+# double locks (TODO fix)
+mutex:g_genesis_wait_mutex
+mutex:Interrupt
+mutex:CThreadInterrupt
+mutex:CConnman::Interrupt
+mutex:CConnman::WakeMessageHandler
+mutex:CConnman::ThreadOpenConnections
+mutex:CConnman::ThreadOpenAddedConnections
+mutex:CConnman::SocketHandler
+mutex:UpdateTip
+mutex:PeerLogicValidation::UpdatedBlockTip
+# race (TODO fix)
+race:CConnman::WakeMessageHandler
+race:CConnman::ThreadMessageHandler
+race:fHaveGenesis
+race:ProcessNewBlock
+race:ThreadImport
+race:zmq::*
+race:bitcoin-qt
+# deadlock (TODO fix)
+deadlock:CConnman::ForNode
+deadlock:UpdateTip
+
 # WalletBatch (unidentified deadlock)
 deadlock:WalletBatch