Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#28076: util: Replace std::filesystem with util/fs.h

bbbbdb0cd5 ci: Add filesystem lint check (MarcoFalke)
fada2f9110 refactor: Replace <filesystem> with <util/fs.h> (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Using `std::filesystem` is problematic:

  * There is a `fs` namespace wrapper for it. So having two ways to achieve the same is confusing.
  * Not using the `fs` wrapper is dangerous and buggy, because it disables known bugs by deleting problematic functions.

  Fix all issues by removing use of it and adding a linter to avoid using it again in the future.

ACKs for top commit:
  TheCharlatan:
    ACK  bbbbdb0cd5
  fanquake:
    ACK bbbbdb0cd5 🦀

Tree-SHA512: 0e2d49742b08eb2635e6fce41485277cb9c40fe20b81017c391d3472a43787db1278a236825714ca1e41c9d2f59913865cfb0c649e3c8ab1fb598c849f80c660

ci/lint/04_install.sh

@@ -33,6 +33,17 @@ export PATH="${PYTHON_PATH}/bin:${PATH}"
 command -v python3
 python3 --version
 
+export LINT_RUNNER_PATH="/lint_test_runner"
+if [ ! -d "${LINT_RUNNER_PATH}" ]; then
+  ${CI_RETRY_EXE} apt-get install -y cargo
+  (
+    cd ./test/lint/test_runner || exit 1
+    cargo build
+    mkdir -p "${LINT_RUNNER_PATH}"
+    mv target/debug/test_runner "${LINT_RUNNER_PATH}"
+  )
+fi
+
 ${CI_RETRY_EXE} pip3 install \
   codespell==2.2.5 \
   flake8==6.1.0 \

ci/lint/06_script.sh

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ test/lint/git-subtree-check.sh src/secp256k1
 test/lint/git-subtree-check.sh src/minisketch
 test/lint/git-subtree-check.sh src/leveldb
 test/lint/git-subtree-check.sh src/crc32c
+RUST_BACKTRACE=1 "${LINT_RUNNER_PATH}/test_runner"
 test/lint/check-doc.py
 test/lint/all-lint.py
 

ci/lint/container-entrypoint.sh

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export LC_ALL=C
 git config --global --add safe.directory /bitcoin
 
 export PATH="/python_build/bin:${PATH}"
+export LINT_RUNNER_PATH="/lint_test_runner"
 
 if [ -z "$1" ]; then
   LOCAL_BRANCH=1 bash -ic "./ci/lint/06_script.sh"