Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30997: build: Switch to Qt 6

f00345727b doc: Update `dependencies.md` for Qt 6 (Hennadii Stepanov)
80b917991e build, msvc: Update `vcpkg.json` for Qt 6 (Hennadii Stepanov)
30dd1f1644 ci: Update for Qt 6 (Hennadii Stepanov)
629d292f4d test: Update sanitizer suppressions for Qt 6 (Hennadii Stepanov)
551e13abf8 guix: Adjust for Qt 6 (Hennadii Stepanov)
c3e9bd086c qt: Fix compiling for Windows (Hennadii Stepanov)
ab399c4db2 depends: Add `native_qt` package (Hennadii Stepanov)
248613eb3e depends: Factor out Qt modules' details (Hennadii Stepanov)
0268f52a4c depends: Introduce customizable `$(package)_patches_path` variables (Hennadii Stepanov)
5e794e6202 depends: Bump `qt` package up to 6.7.3 (Hennadii Stepanov)
6d4214925f cmake: Require Qt 6 to build GUI (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  The currently used Qt 5.15 is approaching [EOL](https://www.qt.io/blog/qt-5.15-extended-support-for-subscription-license-holders) and will reach it before the Bitcoin Core v30 release. The recent migration of the build system to CMake makes it possible to switch to Qt 6.

  This PR updates the OS runtime compatibility requirements for the Bitcoin Core GUI as follows:

  ### 1. Linux

  Starting with Qt 6.5.0, the `libxcb-cursor0` package is required to be installed at runtime.

  ### 2. Windows

  Cross-compiling does not support LTO. We have to re-add it in a follow-up.

  A new style plugin causes minor visual glitches, such as
  ![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e06f8685-aa79-49e7-9e61-4d54563f6d04)
  which will be fixed in follow-ups.

  ### 3. macOS

  `bitcoin-qt` now uses the [Metal](https://developer.apple.com/metal/) backend.

  ---

  **IMPORTANT.** Don't forget to install [Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/).

  ---

  For historical context, please refer to:
  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/20627
  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/24798

  ---

  UPD 2024-10-09. Qt 6.8 has been [released](https://www.qt.io/blog/qt-6.8-released), but it has some [drawbacks](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/30997#issuecomment-2402990346) for us. As a result, this PR will stick to Qt 6.7.

  UPD 2025-03-18: [Standard support for Qt 5.15 will end after 26th of May 2025](https://www.qt.io/blog/extended-security-maintenance-for-qt-5.15-begins-may-2025)

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    re-ACK f00345727b
  hodlinator:
    re-ACK f00345727b

Tree-SHA512: 367f722e6c3ea4700b5395871c40b6df8c8062fdc822107090449ea4ae4ad2db75cc53a982a678f4c48ce8f9b2d43ed10e6d23b06165ab78713f161db712d895

contrib/devtools/symbol-check.py

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ ELF_ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {
 'libfontconfig.so.1', # font support
 'libfreetype.so.6', # font parsing
 'libdl.so.2', # programming interface to dynamic linker
+'libxcb-cursor.so.0',
 'libxcb-icccm.so.4',
 'libxcb-image.so.0',
 'libxcb-shm.so.0',
@@ -146,8 +147,9 @@ MACHO_ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {
 'IOSurface', # cross process image/drawing buffers
 'libobjc.A.dylib', # Objective-C runtime library
 'Metal', # 3D graphics
-'Security', # access control and authentication
 'QuartzCore', # animation
+'Security', # access control and authentication
+'UniformTypeIdentifiers', # collection of types that map to MIME and file types
 }
 
 PE_ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {
@@ -158,7 +160,17 @@ PE_ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {
 'SHELL32.dll', # shell API
 'WS2_32.dll', # sockets
 # bitcoin-qt only
+'api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-0.dll', # Synchronization Primitives API
+'api-ms-win-core-winrt-l1-1-0.dll', # Windows Runtime API
+'api-ms-win-core-winrt-string-l1-1-0.dll', # WinRT String API
+'AUTHZ.dll', # Windows Authorization Framework
+'comdlg32.dll', # Common Dialog Box Library
+'d3d11.dll', # Direct3D 11 API
+'d3d12.dll', # Direct3D 12 API
+'d3d9.dll', # Direct3D 9 API
 'dwmapi.dll', # desktop window manager
+'DWrite.dll', # DirectX Typography Services
+'dxgi.dll', # DirectX Graphics Infrastructure
 'GDI32.dll', # graphics device interface
 'IMM32.dll', # input method editor
 'NETAPI32.dll', # network management
@@ -171,6 +183,8 @@ PE_ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {
 'VERSION.dll', # version checking
 'WINMM.dll', # WinMM audio API
 'WTSAPI32.dll', # Remote Desktop
+'SETUPAPI.dll', # Windows Setup API
+'SHCORE.dll', # Stream Handler Core
 }
 
 def check_version(max_versions, version, arch) -> bool: