Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31844: cmake: add a component for each binary

9b033bebb1 cmake: rename Kernel component to bitcoinkernel for consistency (Cory Fields)
2e0c92558e cmake: add and use install_binary_component (Cory Fields)
0264c5d86c cmake: use per-target components for bitcoin-qt and bitcoin-gui (Cory Fields)
fb0546b1c5 ci: don't try to install for a fuzz build (Cory Fields)

Pull request description:

  This makes it possible to build/install only the desired binaries regardless of the configuration.
  For consistency, the component names match the binary names. `Kernel` and `GUI` have been renamed.

  Additionally it fixes #31762 by installing only the manpages for the configured targets (and includes them in the component installs for each).

  Also fixes #31745.

  Alternative to #31765 which is (imo) more correct/thorough.

  Can be tested using (for ex):
  ```bash
  $ cmake -B build
  $ cmake --build build -t bitcoind -t bitcoin-cli
  $ cmake --install build --component bitcoind
  $ cmake --install build --component bitcoin-cli
  ```

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK 9b033bebb1.
  TheCharlatan:
    Re-ACK 9b033bebb1
  stickies-v:
    re-ACK 9b033bebb1

Tree-SHA512: fd4818e76f190dbeafbf0c246b466f829771902c9d6d7111ed917093b811c8a5536a4a45e20708f73e7f581d6cb77c8e61cfa69e065788dcf0886792f553a355

src/test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -214,6 +214,4 @@ endfunction()
 
 add_all_test_targets()
 
-install(TARGETS test_bitcoin
-  RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
-)
+install_binary_component(test_bitcoin)