Merge #17538: build: Bump minimum libc to 2.17 for release binaries

8f15a31760 doc: add glibc 2.17 requirement to release-notes (fanquake)
16a7be1663 build: Bump minimum versions in symbol checker (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
b77d5ad59f build: Disallow dynamic linking against c++ library (Wladimir J. van der Laan)

Pull request description:

  Closes: #17525. Taken over from #17531.

  Debian 8 (Jessie) has:
  - g++ version 4.9.2
  - libc version 2.19

  CentOS 7 has:
  - g++ version 4.8.5
  - libc version 2.17

  Ubuntu 16.04.4 (Xenial, oldest supported Ubuntu) has:
  - g++ version 5.3.1
  - libc version 2.23.0

  Taking the minimum of these as our target. According to [GNU ABI document](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html) this corresponds to:

  - GCC 4.8.5: GCC_4.8.0
  - (glibc)    GLIBC_2_17

  This also contains a (long needed) commit to disallow dynamic linking to stdc++, as our releases statically link against that.

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    re-ACK 8f15a31760

Tree-SHA512: a3cc92aa1c5de253b1531f4b854d6f5f4a15d614ba6290d9db293542a96994b55c4a8e33e03b601bae16eb65529630b4f94b48b010e0b66b7dc9ff0acf945107

doc/release-notes.md

@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ Build System
 - OpenSSL is no longer used by Bitcoin Core. The last usage of the library
 was removed in #17265.
 
+- glibc 2.17 or greater is now required to run the release binaries. This
+retains compatibility with RHEL 7, CentOS 7, Debian 8 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
+Further details can be found in #17538.
+
 New RPCs
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