cuckoocache: Check for uint32 overflow in setup_bytes

This fixes an potential overflow which existed prior to this patchset.

If CuckooCache::cache<Element, Hash>::setup_bytes is called with a
`size_t bytes` which, when divided by sizeof(Element), does not fit into
an uint32_t, the implicit conversion to uint32_t in the call to setup
will result in an overflow.

At least on x86_64, this overflow is possible:

static_assert(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / 32 <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
static_assert(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / 4 <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());

This commit detects such cases and signals to callers that the `size_t
bytes` input is too large.

src/cuckoocache.h

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -359,10 +361,15 @@ public:
      * structure
      * @returns A pair of the maximum number of elements storable (see setup()
      * documentation for more detail) and the approxmiate total size of these
-     * elements in bytes.
+     * elements in bytes or std::nullopt if the size requested is too large.
      */
-    std::pair<uint32_t, size_t> setup_bytes(size_t bytes)
+    std::optional<std::pair<uint32_t, size_t>> setup_bytes(size_t bytes)
     {
+        size_t requested_num_elems = bytes / sizeof(Element);
+        if (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() < requested_num_elems) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
         auto num_elems = setup(bytes/sizeof(Element));
 
         size_t approx_size_bytes = num_elems * sizeof(Element);

src/script/sigcache.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <shared_mutex>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ public:
         std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> lock(cs_sigcache);
         setValid.insert(entry);
     }
-    std::pair<uint32_t, size_t> setup_bytes(size_t n)
+    std::optional<std::pair<uint32_t, size_t>> setup_bytes(size_t n)
     {
         return setValid.setup_bytes(n);
     }
@@ -99,8 +100,9 @@ bool InitSignatureCache()
     size_t nMaxCacheSize = std::max((int64_t)0, gArgs.GetIntArg("-maxsigcachesize", DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE) / 2) * ((size_t) 1 << 20);
 
     auto setup_results = signatureCache.setup_bytes(nMaxCacheSize);
+    if (!setup_results) return false;
 
-    const auto [num_elems, approx_size_bytes] = setup_results;
+    const auto [num_elems, approx_size_bytes] = *setup_results;
     LogPrintf("Using %zu MiB out of %zu/2 requested for signature cache, able to store %zu elements\n",
               approx_size_bytes >> 20, (nMaxCacheSize * 2) >> 20, num_elems);
     return true;

src/validation.cpp

@@ -1669,8 +1669,9 @@ bool InitScriptExecutionCache() {
     size_t nMaxCacheSize = std::max((int64_t)0, gArgs.GetIntArg("-maxsigcachesize", DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE) / 2) * ((size_t) 1 << 20);
 
     auto setup_results = g_scriptExecutionCache.setup_bytes(nMaxCacheSize);
+    if (!setup_results) return false;
 
-    const auto [num_elems, approx_size_bytes] = setup_results;
+    const auto [num_elems, approx_size_bytes] = *setup_results;
     LogPrintf("Using %zu MiB out of %zu/2 requested for script execution cache, able to store %zu elements\n",
               approx_size_bytes >> 20, (nMaxCacheSize * 2) >> 20, num_elems);
     return true;