Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#34650: depends: Update Qt to version 6.8.3

0a6724aaae doc: Update Windows build notes (Hennadii Stepanov)
473e5f8efc qt: Add patch to fix SFINAE warnings in QAnyStringView with gcc16 (Hennadii Stepanov)
3cb4d6066b qt: add patches to fix SFINAE errors/warnings with gcc16 (Cory Fields)
d7e972a90d qt: add patch to fix build with gcc16 (Cory Fields)
19693a8c91 depends: Update Qt to 6.8.3 (Hennadii Stepanov)
c55584575a cmake: Fix `FindQt` module (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  This PR updates the `qt` package in depends to the latest open-source [6.8.3](https://www.qt.io/blog/qt-6.8.3-released) LTS release.

  The update includes numerous bugfixes, which allows us to drop `qtbase_plugins_windows11style.patch`.

  Additionally, it includes [patches](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/34569#issuecomment-3892793262) for compatibility with GCC 16 (along with one extra patch), and incorporates a [commit](8f1b55d1d5) from https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/32709.

  Closes https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/34569.

ACKs for top commit:
  achow101:
    ACK 0a6724aaae
  sedited:
    ACK 0a6724aaae

Tree-SHA512: b66fe6f75bae00fb5c525c5fad56d39273f53f6bfd58206da8a55c6e41d14533137c72fb03e9537ba3a3d0b3463b6dcbef6a88ac2f4559fa6e9abf045fe1beaa

doc/build-windows.md

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ Other options which may work, but which have not been extensively tested are (pl
 * On Windows, using a POSIX compatibility layer application such as [cygwin](https://www.cygwin.com/) or [msys2](https://www.msys2.org/).
 
 The instructions below work on Ubuntu and Debian. Make sure the distribution's `g++-mingw-w64-x86-64-posix`
-package meets the minimum required `g++` version specified in [dependencies.md](dependencies.md).
+package meets the minimum required GCC version specified in [dependencies.md](dependencies.md).
+If compiling with the GUI (default in depends), at least GCC version 13 is required.
 
 Installing Windows Subsystem for Linux
 ---------------------------------------