Merge #10758: Fix some chainstate-init-order bugs.

c0025d0 Fix segfault when shutting down before fully loading (Matt Corallo)
1385697 Order chainstate init more logically. (Matt Corallo)
ff3a219 Call RewindBlockIndex even if we're about to run -reindex-chainstate (Matt Corallo)
b0f3249 More user-friendly error message if UTXO DB runs ahead of block DB (Matt Corallo)
eda888e Fix some LoadChainTip-related init-order bugs. (Matt Corallo)

Pull request description:

  This does a number of things to clean up chainstate init order,
  fixing some issues as it goes:

  * Order chainstate init more logically - first all of the
    blocktree-related loading, then coinsdb, then
    pcoinsTip/chainActive. Only create objects as needed.

  * More clearly document exactly what is and isn't called in
    -reindex and -reindex-chainstate both with comments noting
    calls as no-ops and by adding if guards.

  * Move the writing of fTxIndex to LoadBlockIndex - this fixes a
    bug introduced in d6af06d68a where
    InitBlockIndex was writing to fTxIndex which had not yet been
    checked (because LoadChainTip hadn't yet initialized the
    chainActive, which would otherwise have resulted in
    InitBlockIndex being a NOP), allowing you to modify -txindex
    without reindex, potentially corrupting your chainstate!

  * Rename InitBlockIndex to LoadGenesisBlock, which is now a more
    natural name for it. Also check mapBlockIndex instead of
    chainActive, fixing a bug where we'd write the genesis block out
    on every start.

  * Move LoadGenesisBlock further down in init. This is a more logical
    location for it, as it is after all of the blockindex-related
    loading and checking, but before any of the UTXO-related loading
    and checking.

  * Give LoadChainTip a return value - allowing it to indicate that
    the UTXO DB ran ahead of the block DB. This just provides a nicer
    error message instead of the previous mysterious
    assert(!setBlockIndexCandidates.empty()) error.

  * Calls ActivateBestChain in case we just loaded the genesis
    block in LoadChainTip, avoiding relying on the ActivateBestChain
    in ThreadImport before continuing init process.

  * Move all of the VerifyDB()-related stuff into a -reindex +
    -reindex-chainstate if guard. It couldn't do anything useful
    as chainActive.Tip() would be null at this point anyway.

Tree-SHA512: 3c96ee7ed44f4130bee3479a40c5cd99a619fda5e309c26d60b54feab9f6ec60fabab8cf47a049c9cf15e88999b2edb7f16cbe6819e97273560b201a89d90762

src/test/test_bitcoin.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ TestingSetup::TestingSetup(const std::string& chainName) : BasicTestingSetup(cha
         pblocktree = new CBlockTreeDB(1 << 20, true);
         pcoinsdbview = new CCoinsViewDB(1 << 23, true);
         pcoinsTip = new CCoinsViewCache(pcoinsdbview);
-        if (!InitBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
+        if (!LoadGenesisBlock(chainparams)) {
             throw std::runtime_error("InitBlockIndex failed.");
         }
         {