Merge #16887: Abstract out some of the descriptor Span-parsing helpers

bb36372b8f test: add unit tests for Span-parsing helpers (Sebastian Falbesoner)
5e69aeec3f Add documenting comments to spanparsing.h (Pieter Wuille)
230d43fdbc Abstract out some of the descriptor Span-parsing helpers (Pieter Wuille)

Pull request description:

  As suggested here: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16800#issuecomment-531605482.

  This moves the Span parsing functions out of the descriptor module, making them more easily usable for other parsers (in particular, in preparation for miniscript parsing).

ACKs for top commit:
  MarcoFalke:
    ACK bb36372b8f

Tree-SHA512: b5c5c11a9bc3f0a1c2c4cfa22755654ecfb8d4b69da0dc1fb9f04e1556dc0f6ffd87ad153600963279ac465d587d7971b53d240ced802d12693682411ac73deb

src/script/descriptor.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include <span.h>
 #include <util/bip32.h>
+#include <util/spanparsing.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 
@@ -640,63 +641,6 @@ enum class ParseScriptContext {
     P2WSH,
 };
 
-/** Parse a constant. If successful, sp is updated to skip the constant and return true. */
-bool Const(const std::string& str, Span<const char>& sp)
-{
-    if ((size_t)sp.size() >= str.size() && std::equal(str.begin(), str.end(), sp.begin())) {
-        sp = sp.subspan(str.size());
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-/** Parse a function call. If successful, sp is updated to be the function's argument(s). */
-bool Func(const std::string& str, Span<const char>& sp)
-{
-    if ((size_t)sp.size() >= str.size() + 2 && sp[str.size()] == '(' && sp[sp.size() - 1] == ')' && std::equal(str.begin(), str.end(), sp.begin())) {
-        sp = sp.subspan(str.size() + 1, sp.size() - str.size() - 2);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-/** Return the expression that sp begins with, and update sp to skip it. */
-Span<const char> Expr(Span<const char>& sp)
-{
-    int level = 0;
-    auto it = sp.begin();
-    while (it != sp.end()) {
-        if (*it == '(') {
-            ++level;
-        } else if (level && *it == ')') {
-            --level;
-        } else if (level == 0 && (*it == ')' || *it == ',')) {
-            break;
-        }
-        ++it;
-    }
-    Span<const char> ret = sp.first(it - sp.begin());
-    sp = sp.subspan(it - sp.begin());
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/** Split a string on every instance of sep, returning a vector. */
-std::vector<Span<const char>> Split(const Span<const char>& sp, char sep)
-{
-    std::vector<Span<const char>> ret;
-    auto it = sp.begin();
-    auto start = it;
-    while (it != sp.end()) {
-        if (*it == sep) {
-            ret.emplace_back(start, it);
-            start = it + 1;
-        }
-        ++it;
-    }
-    ret.emplace_back(start, it);
-    return ret;
-}
-
 /** Parse a key path, being passed a split list of elements (the first element is ignored). */
 NODISCARD bool ParseKeyPath(const std::vector<Span<const char>>& split, KeyPath& out, std::string& error)
 {
@@ -723,6 +667,8 @@ NODISCARD bool ParseKeyPath(const std::vector<Span<const char>>& split, KeyPath&
 /** Parse a public key that excludes origin information. */
 std::unique_ptr<PubkeyProvider> ParsePubkeyInner(const Span<const char>& sp, bool permit_uncompressed, FlatSigningProvider& out, std::string& error)
 {
+    using namespace spanparsing;
+
     auto split = Split(sp, '/');
     std::string str(split[0].begin(), split[0].end());
     if (str.size() == 0) {
@@ -782,6 +728,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<PubkeyProvider> ParsePubkeyInner(const Span<const char>& sp, boo
 /** Parse a public key including origin information (if enabled). */
 std::unique_ptr<PubkeyProvider> ParsePubkey(const Span<const char>& sp, bool permit_uncompressed, FlatSigningProvider& out, std::string& error)
 {
+    using namespace spanparsing;
+
     auto origin_split = Split(sp, ']');
     if (origin_split.size() > 2) {
         error = "Multiple ']' characters found for a single pubkey";
@@ -816,6 +764,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<PubkeyProvider> ParsePubkey(const Span<const char>& sp, bool per
 /** Parse a script in a particular context. */
 std::unique_ptr<DescriptorImpl> ParseScript(Span<const char>& sp, ParseScriptContext ctx, FlatSigningProvider& out, std::string& error)
 {
+    using namespace spanparsing;
+
     auto expr = Expr(sp);
     bool sorted_multi = false;
     if (Func("pk", expr)) {
@@ -1012,6 +962,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<DescriptorImpl> InferScript(const CScript& script, ParseScriptCo
 /** Check a descriptor checksum, and update desc to be the checksum-less part. */
 bool CheckChecksum(Span<const char>& sp, bool require_checksum, std::string& error, std::string* out_checksum = nullptr)
 {
+    using namespace spanparsing;
+
     auto check_split = Split(sp, '#');
     if (check_split.size() > 2) {
         error = "Multiple '#' symbols";