crypto: disable ASan for sha256_sse4 with Clang

This can alsofail to compile when optimisations are being used, see:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/31913.
So disable just ASan for this function under any optimisation level.

Github-Pull: #32437
Rebased-From: 4e8ab5e00f

src/crypto/sha256_sse4.cpp

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 namespace sha256_sse4
 {
 void Transform(uint32_t* s, const unsigned char* chunk, size_t blocks)
-#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+#if defined(__clang__)
   /*
   clang is unable to compile this with -O0 and -fsanitize=address.
-  See upstream bug: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/92182
+  See upstream bug: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/92182.
+  This also fails to compile with -O2, -fcf-protection & -fsanitize=address.
+  See https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/31913.
   */
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
   __attribute__((no_sanitize("address")))
 #endif
+#endif
 {
     static const uint32_t K256 alignas(16) [] = {
         0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5,