cmake: Introduce translate.cmake script for translate target

Using `file(GLOB)` in the generates step is discouraged because the
globbing result may be out of date when the target is built.
Performing the globbing in a script that is executed as the build
target means the result is always reproducable and the overhead
of globbing is only paid when used.

As a follow up, the dependency on `sed` may be removed by performing
the replacement with cmake. Also, the logic from extract_strings_qt.py
can be migrated to cmake.

share/qt/translate.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
+set(input_variables
+  PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR
+  COPYRIGHT_HOLDERS
+  LCONVERT_EXECUTABLE
+  LUPDATE_EXECUTABLE
+  PYTHON_EXECUTABLE
+  SED_EXECUTABLE
+  XGETTEXT_EXECUTABLE
+)
+
+foreach(var IN LISTS input_variables)
+  if(NOT DEFINED ${var})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Variable '${var}' is not defined!")
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+file(GLOB_RECURSE translatable_sources
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*.h"
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*.cpp"
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*.mm"
+)
+
+file(GLOB_RECURSE qt_translatable_sources
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/*.h"
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/*.cpp"
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/*.mm"
+)
+
+file(GLOB ui_files
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/forms/*.ui"
+)
+
+set(subtrees crc32c crypto/ctaes leveldb minisketch secp256k1)
+set(exclude_dirs bench compat crypto support test univalue)
+foreach(directory IN LISTS subtrees exclude_dirs)
+  list(FILTER translatable_sources
+    EXCLUDE REGEX "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/${directory}/.*"
+  )
+endforeach()
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env
+    XGETTEXT=${XGETTEXT_EXECUTABLE}
+    COPYRIGHT_HOLDERS=${COPYRIGHT_HOLDERS}
+    ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/extract_strings_qt.py
+    ${translatable_sources}
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
+  COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+)
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${LUPDATE_EXECUTABLE}
+    -no-obsolete
+    -I ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
+    -locations relative
+    ${ui_files}
+    ${qt_translatable_sources}
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/bitcoinstrings.cpp
+    -ts ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/locale/bitcoin_en.ts
+  COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+)
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${LCONVERT_EXECUTABLE}
+    -drop-translations
+    -o ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/locale/bitcoin_en.xlf
+    -i ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/locale/bitcoin_en.ts
+  COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+)
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${SED_EXECUTABLE}
+    -i.old
+    -e "s|source-language=\"en\" target-language=\"en\"|source-language=\"en\"|"
+    -e "/<target xml:space=\"preserve\"><\\/target>/d"
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/locale/bitcoin_en.xlf
+  COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+)
+
+file(REMOVE "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/qt/locale/bitcoin_en.xlf.old")