Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30529: Fix -norpcwhitelist, -norpcallowip, and similar corner case behavior

a85e8c0e61 doc: Add some general documentation about negated options (Ryan Ofsky)
490c8fa178 doc: Add release notes summarizing negated option behavior changes. (Ryan Ofsky)
458ef0a11b refactor: Avoid using IsArgSet() on -connect list option (Ryan Ofsky)
752ab9c3c6 test: Add test to make sure -noconnect disables -dnsseed and -listen by default (Ryan Ofsky)
3c2920ec98 refactor: Avoid using IsArgSet() on -signetseednode and -signetchallenge list options (Ryan Ofsky)
d05668922a refactor: Avoid using IsArgSet() on -debug, -loglevel, and -vbparams list options (Ryan Ofsky)
3d1e8ca53a Normalize inconsistent -noexternalip behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
ecd590d4c1 Normalize inconsistent -noonlynet behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
5544a19f86 Fix nonsensical bitcoin-cli -norpcwallet behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
6e8e7f433f Fix nonsensical -noasmap behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
b6ab350806 Fix nonsensical -notest behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
6768389917 Fix nonsensical -norpcwhitelist behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
e03409c70f Fix nonsensical -norpcbind and -norpcallowip behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
40c4899bc2 Fix nonsensical -nobind and -nowhitebind behavior (Ryan Ofsky)
5453e66fd9 Fix nonsensical -noseednode behavior (Ryan Ofsky)

Pull request description:

  The PR changes behavior of negated `-noseednode`, `-nobind`, `-nowhitebind`, `-norpcbind`, `-norpcallowip`, `-norpcwhitelist`, `-notest`, `-noasmap`, `-norpcwallet`, `-noonlynet`, and `-noexternalip` options, so negating these options just clears previously specified values doesn't have other side effects.

  Negating options on the command line can be a useful way of resetting options that may have been set earlier in the command line or config file. But before this change, negating these options wouldn't fully reset them, and would have confusing and undocumented side effects (see commit descriptions for details). Now, negating these options just resets them and behaves the same as not specifying them.

  Motivation for this PR is to fix confusing behaviors and also to remove incorrect usages of the `IsArgSet()` function. Using `IsArgSet()` tends to lead to negated option bugs in general, but it especially causes bugs when used with list settings returned by `GetArgs()`, because when these settings are negated, `IsArgSet()` will return true but `GetArgs()` will return an empty list. This PR eliminates all uses of `IsArgSet()` and `GetArgs()` together, and followup PR #17783 makes it an error to use `IsArgSet()` on list settings, since calling `IsArgSet()` is never actually necessary. Most of the changes here were originally made in #17783 and then moved here to be easier to review and avoid a dependency on #16545.

ACKs for top commit:
  achow101:
    ACK a85e8c0e61
  danielabrozzoni:
    re-ACK a85e8c0e61
  hodlinator:
    re-ACK a85e8c0e61

Tree-SHA512: dd4b19faac923aeaa647b1c241d929609ce8242b43e3b7bc32523cc48ec92a83ac0dc5aee79f1eba8794535e0314b96cb151fd04ac973671a1ebb9b52dd16697

doc/bitcoin-conf.md

@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ Changes to the configuration file while `bitcoind` or `bitcoin-qt` is running on
 
 Users should never make any configuration changes which they do not understand. Furthermore, users should always be wary of accepting any configuration changes provided to them by another source (even if they believe that they do understand them).
 
+## Configuration File Precedence
+
+Options specified in the configuration file can be overridden by options in the [`settings.json` file](files.md) and by options specified on the command line.
+
+The `settings.json` file contains dynamic settings that are set by the Bitcoin Core GUI and RPCs at runtime, and augment or replace the static settings specified in the `bitcoin.conf` file.
+
+Command line options also augment or replace `bitcoin.conf` options, and can be useful for scripting and debugging.
+
+It is possible to see which setting values are in use by checking `debug.log` output. Any unrecognized options that are found in `bitcoin.conf` also show up as warnings in `debug.log` output.
+
 ## Configuration File Format
 
 The configuration file is a plain text file and consists of `option=value` entries, one per line. Leading and trailing whitespaces are removed.
@@ -49,6 +59,14 @@ regtest.rpcport=3000
 rpcport=4000
 ```
 
+### Negated options
+
+Almost all options can be negated by being specified with a `no` prefix. For example an option `-foo` could be negated by writing `nofoo=1` or `nofoo=` in the configuration file or `-nofoo=1` or `-nofoo` on the command line.
+
+In general, negating an option is like setting it to `0` if it is a boolean or integer option, and setting it to an empty string or path or list if it is a string or path or list option.
+
+However, there are exceptions to this general rule. For example, it is an error to negate some options (e.g. `-nodatadir` is disallowed), and some negated strings are treated like `"0"` instead of `""` (e.g. `-noproxy` is treated like `-proxy=0`), and some negating some lists can have side effects in addition to clearing the lists (e.g. `-noconnect` disables automatic connections in addition to dropping any manual connections specified previously with `-connect=<host>`). When there are exceptions to the rule, they should either be obvious from context, or should be mentioned in usage documentation. Nonobvious, undocumented exceptions should be reported as bugs.
+
 ## Configuration File Path
 
 The configuration file is not automatically created; you can create it using your favorite text editor. By default, the configuration file name is `bitcoin.conf` and it is located in the Bitcoin data directory, but both the Bitcoin data directory and the configuration file path may be changed using the `-datadir` and `-conf` command-line options.

doc/release-notes-30529.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+Handling of negated `-noseednode`, `-nobind`, `-nowhitebind`, `-norpcbind`, `-norpcallowip`, `-norpcwhitelist`, `-notest`, `-noasmap`, `-norpcwallet`, `-noonlynet`, and `-noexternalip` options has changed. Previously negating these options had various confusing and undocumented side effects. Now negating them just resets the settings and restores default behaviors, as if the options were not specified.