Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#33764: ci: Add Windows + UCRT jobs for cross-compiling and native testing

2e27bd9c3a ci: Add Windows + UCRT jobs for cross-compiling and native testing (Hennadii Stepanov)
bd130db994 ci: Rename items specific to Windows + MSVCRT (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  This PR is part of the ongoing effort to migrate to the modern UCRT runtime for cross-compiled Windows binaries, including release builds.

  For more details about this migration, see:
  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/30210
  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/33593

  MSVCRT-related CI jobs should be removed from the CI framework once the migration to UCRT is complete.

ACKs for top commit:
  maflcko:
    review ACK 2e27bd9c3a 🖊
  fanquake:
    ACK 2e27bd9c3a

Tree-SHA512: 222ca5e54646bcce9db6e20191d5891e988274e18b2f30085de6435a3b288a9d0fc414e8f76342e275ae58ee6603f751933d1faa8bdff446edf2695091f8ca4c

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -344,13 +344,25 @@ jobs:
           py -3 test/fuzz/test_runner.py --par $NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS --loglevel DEBUG "${RUNNER_TEMP}/qa-assets/fuzz_corpora"
 
   windows-cross:
-    name: 'Windows-cross to x86_64'
+    name: 'Windows-cross to x86_64, ${{ matrix.crt }}'
     needs: runners
     runs-on: ${{ needs.runners.outputs.provider == 'cirrus' && 'ghcr.io/cirruslabs/ubuntu-runner-amd64:24.04-sm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
     if: ${{ vars.SKIP_BRANCH_PUSH != 'true' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
 
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        crt: [msvcrt, ucrt]
+        include:
+          - crt: msvcrt
+            file-env: './ci/test/00_setup_env_win64_msvcrt.sh'
+            artifact-name: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-executables'
+          - crt: ucrt
+            file-env: './ci/test/00_setup_env_win64.sh'
+            artifact-name: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-executables'
+
     env:
-      FILE_ENV: './ci/test/00_setup_env_win64.sh'
+      FILE_ENV: ${{ matrix.file-env }}
       DANGER_CI_ON_HOST_FOLDERS: 1
 
     steps:
@@ -379,7 +391,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload built executables
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: x86_64-w64-mingw32-executables-${{ github.run_id }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.artifact-name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: |
             ${{ env.BASE_BUILD_DIR }}/bin/*.dll
             ${{ env.BASE_BUILD_DIR }}/bin/*.exe
@@ -388,10 +400,20 @@ jobs:
             ${{ env.BASE_BUILD_DIR }}/test/config.ini
 
   windows-native-test:
-    name: 'Windows, test cross-built'
+    name: 'Windows, ${{ matrix.crt }}, test cross-built'
     runs-on: windows-2022
     needs: windows-cross
 
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        crt: [msvcrt, ucrt]
+        include:
+          - crt: msvcrt
+            artifact-name: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-executables'
+          - crt: ucrt
+            artifact-name: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-executables'
+
     env:
       PYTHONUTF8: 1
       TEST_RUNNER_TIMEOUT_FACTOR: 40
@@ -404,7 +426,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download built executables
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
-          name: x86_64-w64-mingw32-executables-${{ github.run_id }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.artifact-name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
 
       - name: Run bitcoind.exe
         run: ./bin/bitcoind.exe -version