Boost.Test registers a `SIGSTKSZ` alternate signal stack as each test binary starts, before any tests run.
On musl, this can be smaller than Linux's hardware-dependent minimum, causing `sigaltstack()` to fail with `ENOMEM` during setup.
Disable Boost.Test's alternate stack in both test entry points.
Signal handlers continue to use the regular process stack. Boost.Test can no longer report stack overflows.
Fixes#36026
Co-authored-by: MarcoFalke <*~=`'#}+{/-|&$^_@721217.xyz>
`Range` iterators point to the view, so iterators saved from temporary views dangle.
Point them to the underlying container, use the range's getter for element access, and remove `operator->`, which returned elements by value and could not support arrow expressions.
Co-authored-by: Daniel Pfeifer <daniel@pfeifer-mail.de>
156f2c6c49 kernel: add `btck_set_mock_time` for testing time-dependent paths (stringintech)
Pull request description:
Some kernel paths read the current time (e.g. header validation's future-time check, and the `btck_SynchronizationState` carried by `btck_NotifyBlockTip` / `btck_NotifyHeaderTip` callbacks), which makes them awkward to exercise deterministically in tests. This PR exposes `btck_set_mock_time` as a wrapper over the existing `SetMockTime`, mirroring what the node has via the `setmocktime` RPC.
Prior IRC discussion: https://gnusha.org/bitcoin-kernel/2026-06-04.log
ACKs for top commit:
josibake:
ACK 156f2c6c49
purpleKarrot:
ACK 156f2c6c49
achow101:
ACK 156f2c6c49
janb84:
ACK 156f2c6c49
sedited:
ACK 156f2c6c49
Tree-SHA512: da61faab0477fdc0de0e16420f228923d57733c42ef91b8947ef576e43abc8a1b78b9c1fa2ae60550ed5fd545f4d1c714dad0191d4442d4063112031ef7d1027
Add `btck_chainstate_manager_options_set_database_cache_bytes()` so Kernel callers can set the total database cache budget.
Use `uint64_t` for a fixed-width C API, reject values outside the architecture-specific range, and keep `DEFAULT_KERNEL_CACHE` as the fallback.
Apply the selected split to the block tree database and `LoadChainstate()`.
Co-authored-by: stickies-v <stickies-v@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: w0xlt <94266259+w0xlt@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: stringintech <stringintech@gmail.com>
6667dc4eec kernel: expose scriptSig for btck_TransactionInput (Peter Zafonte)
e6de3a2d3c kernel: expose witness stack for btck_TransactionInput (Peter Zafonte)
Pull request description:
Silent payments scanning needs the public key from every input. For SegWit inputs it is in the witness stack. For P2PKH inputs it is in scriptSig. Without these new functions, callers must deserialize the raw transaction themselves to reach that data, which is difficult and error-prone.
Introduces a `btck_WitnessStack` type and adds the following functions:
**Witness stack:**
`btck_transaction_input_get_witness_stack`: returns a non-owning `const btck_WitnessStack* `view
`btck_witness_stack_count_items `: item count
`btck_witness_stack_get_item_at `: single item by index via btck_WriteBytes
`btck_witness_stack_copy` / `btck_witness_stack_destroy`: lifecycle for owned copies
**scriptSig:**
`btck_transaction_input_get_script_sig`: full scriptSig via btck_WriteBytes
All functions are exposed in the C++ wrapper via `WitnessStackView`, `WitnessStack`, and `WitnessStackApi` , and `GetScriptSig()`.
ACKs for top commit:
sedited:
ACK 6667dc4eec
musaHaruna:
ACK [6667dc](6667dc4eec)
stickies-v:
ACK 6667dc4eec
Tree-SHA512: b5e9d32ec87a5f5a9fea5652ed69737eae1d1f9cfb777544b96d703bbd057c114e0b7afae4e9e9d09b8b546694b14fb923b747c04a8f0211ab6caa015d06967d
Some kernel paths read the current time (e.g. header validation's future-time check, and the `btck_SynchronizationState` carried by `btck_NotifyBlockTip` / `btck_NotifyHeaderTip` callbacks), which makes them awkward to exercise deterministically in tests. This commit exposes `btck_set_mock_time` as a wrapper over the existing `SetMockTime`, mirroring what the node has via the `setmocktime` RPC.
570a627640 kernel: assert invalid buffer preconditions in `btck_*_create` functions (stringintech)
Pull request description:
The kernel API appears to use `nullptr` returns to report failures that callers may reasonably want to recover from: malformed serialized input, object construction failures, chainstate/load failures, and similar runtime conditions.
The raw create-function buffer checks seem to be a different case. A failure of `ptr == nullptr && len > 0` does not indicate malformed input data or a failure encountered while deserializing or constructing the requested object. Returning `nullptr` for these checks widens the recoverable error surface with cases that are better treated as programmer errors, similar to other asserted preconditions in this API such as invalid indices and impossible enum/flag states.
This change switches those buffer argument checks from `nullptr` returns to assertions in `btck_transaction_create`, `btck_script_pubkey_create`, `btck_block_create`, `btck_block_header_create`, and `btck_chainstate_manager_options_create`. `btck_block_header_create` additionally asserts the pre-existing documented length contract (must be 80 bytes). These functions still return `nullptr` when the provided bytes cannot be parsed or when object creation fails during processing.
I ended up looking at this while working on the `kernel-bindings-tests` spec/schema for `btck_script_pubkey_create`, where treating this path as a regular error did not seem like the right contract: https://github.com/stringintech/kernel-bindings-tests/pull/14#discussion_r3240859568.
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK 570a627640
janb84:
ACK 570a627640
w0xlt:
ACK 570a627640
sedited:
ACK 570a627640
Tree-SHA512: 064d834abe0c27245a144e5290bbeeb510daf9e4d50bb3a8e50bd8a0bf897b3dcf6ad5acfcabf1d8110da120e5e014ee3aea0241c0f181a21c6f3c14dc452ade
Switch buffer `ptr == nullptr && len > 0` checks from `nullptr` returns to assertions. These checks represent invalid caller preconditions, not failures encountered while deserializing or constructing the requested object. `btck_block_header_create` additionally asserts the pre-existing documented length contract (must be 80 bytes).
88d9bc5aa4 kernel: Return btck_BlockValidationState from process_block_header API (yuvicc)
Pull request description:
This PR refactors `btck_chainstate_manager_process_block_header` to return `btck_BlockValidationState` by value instead of using out-parameters or boolean returns.
ACKs for top commit:
optout21:
ACK 88d9bc5aa4
stickies-v:
ACK 88d9bc5aa4
w0xlt:
reACK 88d9bc5aa4
hodlinator:
re-ACK 88d9bc5aa4
Tree-SHA512: f86b6e85aedafd78ae250930cbe34dc666c14d800e43cf8582d49aecb97faab801eff8dcc0250082ceebc3e8d32949839e030cf9f0023b56b23c8f7b7a741e49
Remove redundant int return from btck_chainstate_manager_process_block_header.
Previously returned both an int result and an output validation state parameter, creating ambiguity
where non-zero could mean either invalid header or processing failure. Since ProcessNewBlockHeaders
already provides complete validation info, the int return was redundant.
Co-authored-by: stringintech <stringintech@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: stickies-v <stickies-v@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hodlinator <172445034+hodlinator@users.noreply.github.com>
Add btck_transaction_check() to the libbitcoinkernel C API, exposing
context-free transaction consensus validation (consensus/tx_check.h).
Introduces btck_TxValidationState with introspection and lifecycle
functions. btck_TxValidationResult is exposed for compatibility with
existing validation-state APIs, though btck_transaction_check currently
reaches only UNSET and CONSENSUS.
Includes C++ wrapper and test coverage for btck_transaction_check using
test vectors from tx_valid.json / tx_invalid.json.
14547eb489 kernel: guard btck::Handle move-assignment against self-move (Thomas)
Pull request description:
The move-assignment operator for `btck::Handle<>` in `src/kernel/bitcoinkernel_wrapper.h` unconditionally called `DestroyFunc(m_ptr)` before reading the source pointer. On a self-move (`h = std::move(h)`), this destroys the held resource and then restores the now-dangling pointer via `std::exchange(other.m_ptr, nullptr)` (since `&other == this`), which leaves `m_ptr` pointing at freed memory. The destructor then calls `DestroyFunc` again on it, resulting in a double-free.
Trace of `h = std::move(h)` with the old code, where `h.m_ptr == P`:
1. `DestroyFunc(m_ptr)` -> `delete P`. `this->m_ptr` still literally stores the now-dangling value `P`.
2. `std::exchange(other.m_ptr, nullptr)` — because `&other == this`, this reads the dangling `P` back, writes `nullptr` to `m_ptr`, and returns `P`.
3. `m_ptr = P` restores the dangling pointer.
4. `~Handle()` later runs `DestroyFunc(P)` -> double free, UB.
The copy-assignment operator already guards against self-assignment with `if (this != &other)`; the move variant should be symmetric. The standard library requires moved-from objects to be in a valid (at minimum, safely destructible) state, which the previous implementation violated when source and destination alias.
`Handle<>` is the base class of 16 public types in the kernel C++ API wrapper (`Transaction`, `Block`, `BlockHeader`, `ChainParams`, `Context`, `Coin`, `BlockValidationState`, `ScriptPubkey`, `TransactionOutput`, `Txid`, `OutPoint`, `TransactionInput`, `PrecomputedTransactionData`, `BlockHash`, `BlockSpentOutputs`, `TransactionSpentOutputs`), so self-move can arise from generic algorithms operating on containers of these types (`std::sort`, `std::remove`, erase-remove idioms, etc.).
Fix: mirror the copy-assignment pattern by guarding the move-assignment body with `if (this != &other)`, making a self-move a no-op.
Also extend `CheckHandle` in `src/test/kernel/test_kernel.cpp` to exercise self-move-assignment for every `Handle`-derived type, checking that the stored pointer and the serialized bytes (where applicable) are unchanged.
ACKs for top commit:
sedited:
Thanks, ACK 14547eb489
alexanderwiederin:
ACK 14547eb489
yuvicc:
lgtm ACK 14547eb489
Tree-SHA512: 334f5ad3045d5f9b06cc0dd096bc911a992773c59cc469765c2082975a9f7a90f2349b9ad94b4b5127290de1fab2f5424a621384c1b4bb9152de99f5da8ed6aa
df44afdc98 kernel: expose btck_block_tree_entry_get_ancestor (Peter Zafonte)
Pull request description:
Callers building a block locator from a stale tip currently have to walk back one entry at a time using btck_block_tree_entry_get_previous. For large step sizes this means hundreds of C API calls per locator entry.
This exposes GetAncestor via btck_block_tree_entry_get_ancestor, which uses the existing CBlockIndex skiplist to reach any ancestor height in O(log N) and works on any chain, not just the active chain.
Includes a C++ convenience wrapper and tests ~~covering same-height, genesis, and out-of-range cases~~ in btck_block_tree_entry_tests.
See previous discussion here #34843
ACKs for top commit:
alexanderwiederin:
ACK df44afdc98
sedited:
ACK df44afdc98
Tree-SHA512: e953b634235129fa972e7f148016e8aee7bad61e16d50191d6724d11c71fe0f7623152ff61aa4c4ec5c8a5b500aaeb36613b5b2ff1e404d01ed7b65aa861f7aa
The move-assignment operator for btck::Handle<> unconditionally called
DestroyFunc(m_ptr) before reading the source pointer. On a self-move
(h = std::move(h)), this destroyed the held resource and then reassigned
the now-dangling pointer back to m_ptr via std::exchange, leading to a
double-free when the object is later destroyed.
Mirror the existing self-check in the copy-assignment operator by
guarding the move-assignment with 'if (this != &other)' so a self-move
becomes a no-op, leaving the object in a valid state as required by the
standard library.
Handle<> is the base of 16 public types in the kernel C++ API wrapper
(Transaction, Block, BlockHeader, ChainParams, Context, Coin,
BlockValidationState, ScriptPubkey, TransactionOutput, Txid, OutPoint,
TransactionInput, PrecomputedTransactionData, BlockHash,
BlockSpentOutputs, TransactionSpentOutputs), so self-move can arise
from generic algorithms operating on containers of these types.
Extend CheckHandle in test_kernel to cover self-move-assignment for
every Handle-derived type.
Allows callers to jump to any ancestor of a block tree entry by height
using the skiplist-backed GetAncestor, which runs in O(log N) rather
than walking back one entry at a time with btck_block_tree_entry_get_previous.
Includes a C++ convenience wrapper and tests in btck_block_tree_entry_tests.
577a3e74c8 test: Add check for return type in `HasToBytes` concept (yuvicc)
1ad551281a kernel: Add Block Header serialization method (yuvicc)
86662623ec Add `SpanWriter` class for zero-allocation stream writing (yuvicc)
Pull request description:
This adds serialization for `btck_BlockHeader` API. Also, updated the `CheckHandle` to compare the byte content instead of size.
The changes here is done in two commits. First commit adds the `SpanWriter` class and next one moves the block header serialization to `SpanWriter`. See commit message for more details.
Follow-up to #33822 .
ACKs for top commit:
stickies-v:
re-ACK 577a3e74c8
alexanderwiederin:
ACK 577a3e74c8
theStack:
Code-review ACK 577a3e74c8
w0xlt:
ACK 577a3e74c8
Tree-SHA512: 1eda5b204588ccb23e9357f68c5529474e7d248736a371c47d8db71ba6ca95e121869514478ad7a519d190e4c30725f64fd1ef4dd9f97d2627dc4441e51458e0
Add `btck_block_header_to_bytes` serialization method to serialize a
`btck_BlockHeader` into an 80-byte buffer using `SpanWriter` to ensure
zero-allocation serialization.
0587c56091 kernel: Expose context-free block validation (w0xlt)
71f827c3c2 kernel: Expose consensus parameters (`btck_ConsensusParams`) (w0xlt)
Pull request description:
This PR exposes Bitcoin Core’s context‑free block checks to library users via a new C API entry point, `btck_check_block_context_free`.
Callers can validate a block’s structure (size/weight, coinbase rules, per‑tx context‑free checks) and optionally re‑run Proof‑of‑Work and Merkle‑root verification without touching chainstate, the block index, or the UTXO set.
Rationale
Clients embedding the kernel need a pure block sanity check without requiring node state or disk writes (candidate block validation, for example). This API offers that surface in a single call, with optional PoW/Merkle toggles to avoid redundant work when the header has already been validated or when Merkle verification is deferred.
ACKs for top commit:
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re-ACK 0587c56091
achow101:
ACK 0587c56091
sedited:
ACK 0587c56091
Tree-SHA512: 6bd53e4964909335d1f2fee30ff96c95a8dd2c84bcdfe11c50ba369301822e5dea9bbe2376bb6d6b4652875152071eb0446657042b00429f29581da4fcea71a9
Adds a lint check for `remove_all()`
`fs::remove_all()`/`std::filesystem::remove_all()` is extremely
dangerous, all user-facing instances of it have been removed, and it
also deserves to be removed from the places in our test code where it is
being used unnecessarily.
This introduces a context-free validation entry point for full blocks in
the kernel C and C++ APIs.
* Add `btck_block_check`, a C function that wraps `CheckBlock` and runs
header and body checks for a `btck_Block` using `btck_ConsensusParams`.
Callers provide a `btck_BlockValidationState` to receive the result
and supply a `btck_BlockCheckFlags` bitmask to control POW and
merkle-root verification.
* Add `btck_BlockCheckFlags` in the C API, plus the corresponding
`BlockCheckFlags` scoped enum in the C++ wrapper, including a
`*_ALL` convenience value.
* Add `Block::Check()` to the C++ wrapper to mirror the new C function
and return a bool while filling a `BlockValidationState`.
* Add a test `(btck_check_block_context_free)` that verifies a known
valid mainnet block passes with `BlockCheckFlags::ALL` and that
truncated block data fails deserialization.
Co-authored-by: yuvicc <yuvichh01@gmail.com>
Add support for unicode characters in paths to the kernel tests by using
our fs:: wrappers for std::filesystem calls and adding the windows
application manifest to the binary. This exercises their handling
through the kernel API.
Introduces btck_BlockHeader type with accessor methods and btck_chainstate_manager_process_block_header() for validating headers without full blocks. Also, adds btck_chainstate_manager_get_best_entry() to query the header with most cumulative proof-of-work.
Co-authored-by: TheCharlatan <seb.kung@gmail.com>
Add C API functions for managing BlockValidationState lifecycle:
- btck_block_validation_state_create()
- btck_block_validation_state_copy()
- btck_block_validation_state_destroy()
Introduce BlockValidationStateApi<> template to share common getter methods between BlockValidationState (Handle) and BlockValidationStateView (View) classes in the C++ wrapper. This enables external code to create and own BlockValidationState objects needed for the new process_block_header() API.
Co-authored-by: TheCharlatan <seb.kung@gmail.com>
44e006d438 [kernel] Expose reusable PrecomputedTransactionData in script valid (Josh Doman)
Pull request description:
This PR exposes a reusable `PrecomputedTransactionData` object in script validation using libkernel.
Currently, libkernel computes `PrecomputedTransactionData` each time `btck_script_pubkey_verify` is called, exposing clients to quadratic hashing when validating a transaction with multiple inputs. By externalizing `PrecomputedTransactionData` and making it reusable, libkernel can eliminate this attack vector.
I discussed this problem in [this issue](https://github.com/TheCharlatan/rust-bitcoinkernel/issues/46). The design of this PR is inspired by @sedited's comments.
The PR introduces three new APIs for managing the `btck_PrecomputedTransactionData` object:
```c
/**
* @brief Create precomputed transaction data for script verification.
*
* @param[in] tx_to Non-null.
* @param[in] spent_outputs Nullable for non-taproot verification. Points to an array of
* outputs spent by the transaction.
* @param[in] spent_outputs_len Length of the spent_outputs array.
* @return The precomputed data, or null on error.
*/
btck_PrecomputedTransactionData* btck_precomputed_transaction_data_create(
const btck_Transaction* tx_to,
const btck_TransactionOutput** spent_outputs, size_t spent_outputs_len) BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL(1);
/**
* @brief Copy precomputed transaction data.
*
* @param[in] precomputed_txdata Non-null.
* @return The copied precomputed transaction data.
*/
btck_PrecomputedTransactionData* btck_precomputed_transaction_data_copy(
const btck_PrecomputedTransactionData* precomputed_txdata) BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL(1);
/**
* Destroy the precomputed transaction data.
*/
void btck_precomputed_transaction_data_destroy(btck_PrecomputedTransactionData* precomputed_txdata);
```
The PR also modifies `btck_script_pubkey_verify` so that it accepts `precomputed_txdata` instead of `spent_outputs`:
```c
/**
* @brief Verify if the input at input_index of tx_to spends the script pubkey
* under the constraints specified by flags. If the
* `btck_ScriptVerificationFlags_WITNESS` flag is set in the flags bitfield, the
* amount parameter is used. If the taproot flag is set, the precomputed data
* must contain the spent outputs.
*
* @param[in] script_pubkey Non-null, script pubkey to be spent.
* @param[in] amount Amount of the script pubkey's associated output. May be zero if
* the witness flag is not set.
* @param[in] tx_to Non-null, transaction spending the script_pubkey.
* @param[in] precomputed_txdata Nullable if the taproot flag is not set. Otherwise, precomputed data
* for tx_to with the spent outputs must be provided.
* @param[in] input_index Index of the input in tx_to spending the script_pubkey.
* @param[in] flags Bitfield of btck_ScriptVerificationFlags controlling validation constraints.
* @param[out] status Nullable, will be set to an error code if the operation fails, or OK otherwise.
* @return 1 if the script is valid, 0 otherwise.
*/
int btck_script_pubkey_verify(
const btck_ScriptPubkey* script_pubkey,
int64_t amount,
const btck_Transaction* tx_to,
const btck_PrecomputedTransactionData* precomputed_txdata,
unsigned int input_index,
btck_ScriptVerificationFlags flags,
btck_ScriptVerifyStatus* status) BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL(1, 3);
```
As before, an error is thrown if the taproot flag is set and `spent_outputs` is not provided in `precomputed_txdata` (or `precomputed_txdata` is null). For simple single-input non-taproot verification, `precomputed_txdata` may be null, and the kernel will construct the precomputed data on-the-fly.
Both the C++ wrapper and the test suite are updated with the new API. Tests cover both `precomputed_txdata` reuse and nullability.
Appreciate feedback on this concept / approach!
ACKs for top commit:
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stringintech:
ACK 44e006d
Tree-SHA512: 1ed435173e6ff4ec82bc603194cf182c685cb79f167439a442b9b179a32f6c189c358f04d4cb56d153fab04e3424a11b73c31680e42b87b8a6efcc3ccefc366c
096924d39d kernel: add btck_block_tree_entry_equals (stickies-v)
Pull request description:
`BlockTreeEntry` objects are often compared. This happens frequently in our own codebase and seems likely to be the case for clients, too. Users can already work around this by comparing based on block hash (and optionally height as belt-and-suspenders), but I think this should be part of the interface for performance and consistency reasons.
Note: perhaps this is too ad-hoc, and we should extend this PR to add the operator for more types? `BlockTreeEntry` is the main one I've needed this for in developing `py-bitcoinkernel`, though.
ACKs for top commit:
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review ACK 096924d39d📓
TheCharlatan:
ACK 096924d39d
yuvicc:
Code Review ACK 096924d39d
Tree-SHA512: a0c08c01ab6c855aec4e2b2b898e9550493cd4cf8c6e1fe9e4fe5039d0d9ef3bffb2f2ab0454c7cc449b9deedd7889f5fd7b5f100fa706a855023af4adb803c6
6657bcbdb4 kernel: allow null data_directory (stickies-v)
Pull request description:
An empty path may be represented with a `nullptr`. For example, `std::string_view{}.data()` may return nullptr.
Removes the `BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL` attribute for `btck_chainstate_manager_options_create` 's `data_directory` parameter, and instead handles such null arguments in the implementation. [Because an empty path is meaningless](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/33867#discussion_r2523930442), `btck_chainstate_manager_options_create` now treats both null and empty directories as invalid, tightening the interface.
Also documents how `BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL` should be used.
Follow-up to https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/33853#pullrequestreview-3454620265
ACKs for top commit:
stringintech:
ACK 6657bcb
maflcko:
review ACK 6657bcbdb4🐪
achow101:
ACK 6657bcbdb4
TheCharlatan:
ACK 6657bcbdb4
janb84:
ACK 6657bcbdb4
Tree-SHA512: 11c02b221ff19a5357e94355808e3b503b3a336c16fc5186c9c9137931709e880383ed1f4990fc4cc6b0e23961e2e1e03fc90154a3b546b9490ef66bd63688b7
An empty path may be represented with a nullptr. For example,
std::string_view::data() may return nullptr.
Removes the BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL attribute for data_directory,
and instead handles such null arguments in the implementation.
Also documents how BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL should be used.
BlockTreeEntry objects are often compared. By exposing an equality
function, clients don't have to implement more expensive
comparisons based on height and block hash.
An empty span constructed from an empty vector may have a null data
pointer depending on the implementation. Remove the
BITCOINKERNEL_ARG_NONNULL requirement for these arguments and instead
handle such null arguments in the implementation.
It is equivalent to calling btck_chain_get_by_height with the
height obtained from btck_chain_get_height. In neither case do we
provide guarantees that the returned block index still corresponds
to the actual tip.
This introduces the transaction outpoint, input and id types. This now
allows a user to retrieve a transaction output from a prior transaction
that a transaction outpoint is pointing to by either scanning through
all available transactions, or maintaining a data structure for lookups.
This is exercised in the tests by verifying the script of every
transaction in the test chain.
Introduce btck_BlockHash as a type-safe identifier for a block. Adds
functions to retrieve block tree entries by hash or height, get block
hashes and heights from entries. access the genesis block, and check if
blocks are in the active chain.
This adds functions for reading the undo data from disk with a retrieved
block tree entry. The undo data of a block contains all the spent
script pubkeys of all the transactions in a block. For ease of
understanding the undo data is renamed to spent outputs with seperate
data structures exposed for a block's and a transaction's spent outputs.
In normal operations undo data is used during re-orgs. This data might
also be useful for building external indexes, or to scan for silent
payment transactions.
Internally the block undo data contains a vector of transaction undo
data which contains a vector of the coins consumed. The coins are all
int the order of the transaction inputs of the consuming transactions.
Each coin can be used to retrieve a transaction output and in turn a
script pubkey and amount.
This translates to the three-level hierarchy the api provides: Block
spent outputs contain transaction spent outputs, which contain
individual coins. Each coin includes the associated output, the height
of the block is contained in, and whether it is from a coinbase
transaction.
This adds functions for reading a block from disk with a retrieved block
tree entry. External services that wish to build their own index, or
analyze blocks can use this to retrieve block data.
The block tree can now be traversed from the tip backwards. This is
guaranteed to work, since the chainstate maintains an internal block
tree index in memory and every block (besides the genesis) has an
ancestor.
The user can use this function to iterate through all blocks in the
chain (starting from the tip). The tip is retrieved from a separate
`Chain` object, which allows distinguishing whether entries are
currently in the best chain. Once the block tree entry for the genesis
block is reached a nullptr is returned if the user attempts to get the
previous entry.
This adds a function for streaming bytes into a user-owned data
structure.
Use it in the tests for verifying the implementation of the validation
interface's `BlockChecked` method.
These allow for the interpretation of the data in a `BlockChecked`
validation interface callback. The validation state passed through
`BlockChecked` is the source of truth for the validity of a block (the
mode). It is
also useful to get richer information in case a block failed to
validate (the result).
