bitcoin/src/script/standard.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_SCRIPT_STANDARD_H
#define BITCOIN_SCRIPT_STANDARD_H

#include <attributes.h>
#include <pubkey.h>
#include <script/interpreter.h>
#include <uint256.h>
#include <util/hash_type.h>

#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <variant>

static const bool DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER = true;

class CKeyID;
class CScript;

/**
 * Default setting for -datacarriersize. 80 bytes of data, +1 for OP_RETURN,
 * +2 for the pushdata opcodes.
 */
static const unsigned int MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY = 83;

enum class TxoutType {
    NONSTANDARD,
    // 'standard' transaction types:
    PUBKEY,
    PUBKEYHASH,
    SCRIPTHASH,
    MULTISIG,
    NULL_DATA, //!< unspendable OP_RETURN script that carries data
    WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH,
    WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH,
    WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT,
    WITNESS_UNKNOWN, //!< Only for Witness versions not already defined above
};

class CNoDestination {
public:
    friend bool operator==(const CNoDestination &a, const CNoDestination &b) { return true; }
    friend bool operator<(const CNoDestination &a, const CNoDestination &b) { return true; }
};

struct PKHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
{
    PKHash() : BaseHash() {}
    explicit PKHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
    explicit PKHash(const CPubKey& pubkey);
    explicit PKHash(const CKeyID& pubkey_id);
};
CKeyID ToKeyID(const PKHash& key_hash);

struct WitnessV0KeyHash;
struct ScriptHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
{
    ScriptHash() : BaseHash() {}
    // These don't do what you'd expect.
    // Use ScriptHash(GetScriptForDestination(...)) instead.
    explicit ScriptHash(const WitnessV0KeyHash& hash) = delete;
    explicit ScriptHash(const PKHash& hash) = delete;

    explicit ScriptHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
    explicit ScriptHash(const CScript& script);
    explicit ScriptHash(const CScriptID& script);
};
CScriptID ToScriptID(const ScriptHash& script_hash);

struct WitnessV0ScriptHash : public BaseHash<uint256>
{
    WitnessV0ScriptHash() : BaseHash() {}
    explicit WitnessV0ScriptHash(const uint256& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
    explicit WitnessV0ScriptHash(const CScript& script);
};

struct WitnessV0KeyHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
{
    WitnessV0KeyHash() : BaseHash() {}
    explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
    explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const CPubKey& pubkey);
    explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const PKHash& pubkey_hash);
};
CKeyID ToKeyID(const WitnessV0KeyHash& key_hash);

struct WitnessV1Taproot : public XOnlyPubKey
{
    WitnessV1Taproot() : XOnlyPubKey() {}
    explicit WitnessV1Taproot(const XOnlyPubKey& xpk) : XOnlyPubKey(xpk) {}
};

//! CTxDestination subtype to encode any future Witness version
struct WitnessUnknown
{
    unsigned int version;
    unsigned int length;
    unsigned char program[40];

    friend bool operator==(const WitnessUnknown& w1, const WitnessUnknown& w2) {
        if (w1.version != w2.version) return false;
        if (w1.length != w2.length) return false;
        return std::equal(w1.program, w1.program + w1.length, w2.program);
    }

    friend bool operator<(const WitnessUnknown& w1, const WitnessUnknown& w2) {
        if (w1.version < w2.version) return true;
        if (w1.version > w2.version) return false;
        if (w1.length < w2.length) return true;
        if (w1.length > w2.length) return false;
        return std::lexicographical_compare(w1.program, w1.program + w1.length, w2.program, w2.program + w2.length);
    }
};

/**
 * A txout script template with a specific destination. It is either:
 *  * CNoDestination: no destination set
 *  * PKHash: TxoutType::PUBKEYHASH destination (P2PKH)
 *  * ScriptHash: TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH destination (P2SH)
 *  * WitnessV0ScriptHash: TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH destination (P2WSH)
 *  * WitnessV0KeyHash: TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH destination (P2WPKH)
 *  * WitnessV1Taproot: TxoutType::WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT destination (P2TR)
 *  * WitnessUnknown: TxoutType::WITNESS_UNKNOWN destination (P2W???)
 *  A CTxDestination is the internal data type encoded in a bitcoin address
 */
using CTxDestination = std::variant<CNoDestination, PKHash, ScriptHash, WitnessV0ScriptHash, WitnessV0KeyHash, WitnessV1Taproot, WitnessUnknown>;

/** Check whether a CTxDestination is a CNoDestination. */
bool IsValidDestination(const CTxDestination& dest);

/** Get the name of a TxoutType as a string */
std::string GetTxnOutputType(TxoutType t);

constexpr bool IsPushdataOp(opcodetype opcode)
{
    return opcode > OP_FALSE && opcode <= OP_PUSHDATA4;
}

/**
 * Parse a scriptPubKey and identify script type for standard scripts. If
 * successful, returns script type and parsed pubkeys or hashes, depending on
 * the type. For example, for a P2SH script, vSolutionsRet will contain the
 * script hash, for P2PKH it will contain the key hash, etc.
 *
 * @param[in]   scriptPubKey   Script to parse
 * @param[out]  vSolutionsRet  Vector of parsed pubkeys and hashes
 * @return                     The script type. TxoutType::NONSTANDARD represents a failed solve.
 */
TxoutType Solver(const CScript& scriptPubKey, std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>>& vSolutionsRet);

/**
 * Parse a standard scriptPubKey for the destination address. Assigns result to
 * the addressRet parameter and returns true if successful. Currently only works for P2PK,
 * P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, and P2WSH scripts.
 */
bool ExtractDestination(const CScript& scriptPubKey, CTxDestination& addressRet);

/**
 * Generate a Bitcoin scriptPubKey for the given CTxDestination. Returns a P2PKH
 * script for a CKeyID destination, a P2SH script for a CScriptID, and an empty
 * script for CNoDestination.
 */
CScript GetScriptForDestination(const CTxDestination& dest);

/** Generate a P2PK script for the given pubkey. */
CScript GetScriptForRawPubKey(const CPubKey& pubkey);

/** Determine if script is a "multi_a" script. Returns (threshold, keyspans) if so, and nullopt otherwise.
 *  The keyspans refer to bytes in the passed script. */
std::optional<std::pair<int, std::vector<Span<const unsigned char>>>> MatchMultiA(const CScript& script LIFETIMEBOUND);

/** Generate a multisig script. */
CScript GetScriptForMultisig(int nRequired, const std::vector<CPubKey>& keys);

#endif // BITCOIN_SCRIPT_STANDARD_H