Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#32380: Modernize use of UTF-8 in Windows code

53e4951a5b Switch to ANSI Windows API in `fsbridge::fopen()` function (Hennadii Stepanov)
dbe770d921 Switch to ANSI Windows API in `Win32ErrorString()` function (Hennadii Stepanov)
06d0be4e22 Remove no longer necessary `WinCmdLineArgs` class (Hennadii Stepanov)
f366408492 cmake: Set process code page to UTF-8 on Windows (Hennadii Stepanov)
dccbb17806 Set minimum supported Windows version to 1903 (May 2019 Update) (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  The main goal is to remove [deprecated](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/32361) code (removed in C++26).

  This PR employs Microsoft's modern [approach](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/globalizing/use-utf8-code-page) to handling UTF-8:
  > Until recently, Windows has emphasized "Unicode" -W variants over -A APIs. However, recent releases have used the ANSI code page and -A APIs as a means to introduce UTF-8 support to apps. If the ANSI code page is configured for UTF-8, then -A APIs typically operate in UTF-8. This model has the benefit of supporting existing code built with -A APIs without any code changes.

  TODO:
  - [x] Handle application manifests properly when building with MSVC.
  - [x] Bump the minimum supported Windows version to 1903 (May 2019 Update).
  - [x] Remove all remaining use cases of the deprecated `std:wstring_convert`.
      - The instance in `subprocess.h` will be addressed in a follow-up PR, as additional tests are likely needed.
      - The usage in `common/system.cpp` is handled in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/32566.

  Resolves partially https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/32361.

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    re-ACK 53e4951a5b
  hodlinator:
    re-ACK 53e4951a5b
  davidgumberg:
    untested crACK 53e4951a5b

Tree-SHA512: 0dbe9badca8b979ac2b4814fea6e4a7e53c423a1c96cb76ce894253137d3640a87631a5b22b9645e8f0c2a36a107122eb19ed8e92978c17384ffa8b9ab9993b5

src/common/args.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 #include <util/string.h>
 
 #ifdef WIN32
-#include <codecvt>
-#include <shellapi.h>
 #include <shlobj.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -879,30 +877,3 @@ void ArgsManager::LogArgs() const
     }
     logArgsPrefix("Command-line arg:", "", m_settings.command_line_options);
 }
-
-namespace common {
-#ifdef WIN32
-WinCmdLineArgs::WinCmdLineArgs()
-{
-    wchar_t** wargv = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &argc);
-    std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>, wchar_t> utf8_cvt;
-    argv = new char*[argc];
-    args.resize(argc);
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-        args[i] = utf8_cvt.to_bytes(wargv[i]);
-        argv[i] = &*args[i].begin();
-    }
-    LocalFree(wargv);
-}
-
-WinCmdLineArgs::~WinCmdLineArgs()
-{
-    delete[] argv;
-}
-
-std::pair<int, char**> WinCmdLineArgs::get()
-{
-    return std::make_pair(argc, argv);
-}
-#endif
-} // namespace common

src/common/args.h

@@ -480,21 +480,4 @@ std::string HelpMessageGroup(const std::string& message);
  */
 std::string HelpMessageOpt(const std::string& option, const std::string& message);
 
-namespace common {
-#ifdef WIN32
-class WinCmdLineArgs
-{
-public:
-    WinCmdLineArgs();
-    ~WinCmdLineArgs();
-    std::pair<int, char**> get();
-
-private:
-    int argc;
-    char** argv;
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-};
-#endif
-} // namespace common
-
 #endif // BITCOIN_COMMON_ARGS_H

src/common/system.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <util/time.h>
 
 #ifdef WIN32
+#include <cassert>
 #include <codecvt>
 #include <compat/compat.h>
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ void SetupEnvironment()
         setenv("LC_ALL", "C.UTF-8", 1);
     }
 #elif defined(WIN32)
+    assert(GetACP() == CP_UTF8);
     // Set the default input/output charset is utf-8
     SetConsoleCP(CP_UTF8);
     SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);