validationcaches: Add and use ValidationCacheSizes

Also:

- Make DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE into constexpr
  DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_BYTES to utilize the compile-time integer
  arithmetic overflow checking available to constexpr.
- Fix comment (MiB instead of MB) for DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_BYTES.
- Pass in max_size_bytes parameter to InitS*Cache(), modify log line to
  no longer allude to maxsigcachesize being split evenly between the two
  validation caches.
- Fix possible integer truncation and add a comment.

[META] I've kept the integer types as int64_t in order to not introduce
       unintended behaviour changes, in the next commit we will make
       them size_t.

src/script/sigcache.cpp

@@ -93,18 +93,18 @@ static CSignatureCache signatureCache;
 
 // To be called once in AppInitMain/BasicTestingSetup to initialize the
 // signatureCache.
-bool InitSignatureCache()
+bool InitSignatureCache(int64_t max_size_bytes)
 {
     // nMaxCacheSize is unsigned. If -maxsigcachesize is set to zero,
     // setup_bytes creates the minimum possible cache (2 elements).
-    size_t nMaxCacheSize = std::max((int64_t)0, gArgs.GetIntArg("-maxsigcachesize", DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE) / 2) * ((size_t) 1 << 20);
+    size_t nMaxCacheSize = std::max<int64_t>(max_size_bytes, 0);
 
     auto setup_results = signatureCache.setup_bytes(nMaxCacheSize);
     if (!setup_results) return false;
 
     const auto [num_elems, approx_size_bytes] = *setup_results;
-    LogPrintf("Using %zu MiB out of %zu/2 requested for signature cache, able to store %zu elements\n",
-              approx_size_bytes >> 20, (nMaxCacheSize * 2) >> 20, num_elems);
+    LogPrintf("Using %zu MiB out of %zu MiB requested for signature cache, able to store %zu elements\n",
+              approx_size_bytes >> 20, max_size_bytes >> 20, num_elems);
     return true;
 }
 

src/script/sigcache.h

@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
 #include <span.h>
 #include <util/hasher.h>
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
-// DoS prevention: limit cache size to 32MB (over 1000000 entries on 64-bit
+// DoS prevention: limit cache size to 32MiB (over 1000000 entries on 64-bit
 // systems). Due to how we count cache size, actual memory usage is slightly
-// more (~32.25 MB)
-static const unsigned int DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE = 32;
+// more (~32.25 MiB)
+static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_BYTES{32 << 20};
 
 class CPubKey;
 
@@ -31,6 +32,6 @@ public:
     bool VerifySchnorrSignature(Span<const unsigned char> sig, const XOnlyPubKey& pubkey, const uint256& sighash) const override;
 };
 
-[[nodiscard]] bool InitSignatureCache();
+[[nodiscard]] bool InitSignatureCache(int64_t max_size_bytes);
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_SCRIPT_SIGCACHE_H