Disallow automatic conversion between hash types

A templated BaseHash does not allow for automatic conversion, thus
conversions much be explicitly allowed / whitelisted, which will
reduce the risk of unintended conversions.

src/script/standard.cpp

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ typedef std::vector<unsigned char> valtype;
 bool fAcceptDatacarrier = DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER;
 unsigned nMaxDatacarrierBytes = MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY;
 
-CScriptID::CScriptID(const CScript& in) : uint160(Hash160(in.begin(), in.end())) {}
-CScriptID::CScriptID(const ScriptHash& in) : uint160(static_cast<uint160>(in)) {}
+CScriptID::CScriptID(const CScript& in) : BaseHash(Hash160(in.begin(), in.end())) {}
+CScriptID::CScriptID(const ScriptHash& in) : BaseHash(static_cast<uint160>(in)) {}
 
-ScriptHash::ScriptHash(const CScript& in) : uint160(Hash160(in.begin(), in.end())) {}
-ScriptHash::ScriptHash(const CScriptID& in) : uint160(static_cast<uint160>(in)) {}
+ScriptHash::ScriptHash(const CScript& in) : BaseHash(Hash160(in.begin(), in.end())) {}
+ScriptHash::ScriptHash(const CScriptID& in) : BaseHash(static_cast<uint160>(in)) {}
 
-PKHash::PKHash(const CPubKey& pubkey) : uint160(pubkey.GetID()) {}
-PKHash::PKHash(const CKeyID& pubkey_id) : uint160(pubkey_id) {}
+PKHash::PKHash(const CPubKey& pubkey) : BaseHash(pubkey.GetID()) {}
+PKHash::PKHash(const CKeyID& pubkey_id) : BaseHash(pubkey_id) {}
 
-WitnessV0KeyHash::WitnessV0KeyHash(const CPubKey& pubkey) : uint160(pubkey.GetID()) {}
-WitnessV0KeyHash::WitnessV0KeyHash(const PKHash& pubkey_hash) : uint160(static_cast<uint160>(pubkey_hash)) {}
+WitnessV0KeyHash::WitnessV0KeyHash(const CPubKey& pubkey) : BaseHash(pubkey.GetID()) {}
+WitnessV0KeyHash::WitnessV0KeyHash(const PKHash& pubkey_hash) : BaseHash(static_cast<uint160>(pubkey_hash)) {}
 
 CKeyID ToKeyID(const PKHash& key_hash)
 {

src/script/standard.h

@@ -20,13 +20,74 @@ class CKeyID;
 class CScript;
 struct ScriptHash;
 
+template<typename HashType>
+class BaseHash
+{
+protected:
+    HashType m_hash;
+
+public:
+    BaseHash() : m_hash() {}
+    BaseHash(const HashType& in) : m_hash(in) {}
+
+    unsigned char* begin()
+    {
+        return m_hash.begin();
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char* begin() const
+    {
+        return m_hash.begin();
+    }
+
+    unsigned char* end()
+    {
+        return m_hash.end();
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char* end() const
+    {
+        return m_hash.end();
+    }
+
+    operator std::vector<unsigned char>() const
+    {
+        return std::vector<unsigned char>{m_hash.begin(), m_hash.end()};
+    }
+
+    std::string ToString() const
+    {
+        return m_hash.ToString();
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const BaseHash<HashType>& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_hash == other.m_hash;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const BaseHash<HashType>& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return !(m_hash == other.m_hash);
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const BaseHash<HashType>& other) const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_hash < other.m_hash;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() const
+    {
+        return m_hash.size();
+    }
+};
+
 /** A reference to a CScript: the Hash160 of its serialization (see script.h) */
-class CScriptID : public uint160
+class CScriptID : public BaseHash<uint160>
 {
 public:
-    CScriptID() : uint160() {}
+    CScriptID() : BaseHash() {}
     explicit CScriptID(const CScript& in);
-    explicit CScriptID(const uint160& in) : uint160(in) {}
+    explicit CScriptID(const uint160& in) : BaseHash(in) {}
     explicit CScriptID(const ScriptHash& in);
 };
 
@@ -75,39 +136,40 @@ public:
     friend bool operator<(const CNoDestination &a, const CNoDestination &b) { return true; }
 };
 
-struct PKHash : public uint160
+struct PKHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
 {
-    PKHash() : uint160() {}
-    explicit PKHash(const uint160& hash) : uint160(hash) {}
+    PKHash() : BaseHash() {}
+    explicit PKHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
     explicit PKHash(const CPubKey& pubkey);
     explicit PKHash(const CKeyID& pubkey_id);
 };
 CKeyID ToKeyID(const PKHash& key_hash);
 
 struct WitnessV0KeyHash;
-struct ScriptHash : public uint160
+struct ScriptHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
 {
-    ScriptHash() : uint160() {}
+    ScriptHash() : BaseHash() {}
     // These don't do what you'd expect.
     // Use ScriptHash(GetScriptForDestination(...)) instead.
     explicit ScriptHash(const WitnessV0KeyHash& hash) = delete;
     explicit ScriptHash(const PKHash& hash) = delete;
-    explicit ScriptHash(const uint160& hash) : uint160(hash) {}
+
+    explicit ScriptHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
     explicit ScriptHash(const CScript& script);
     explicit ScriptHash(const CScriptID& script);
 };
 
-struct WitnessV0ScriptHash : public uint256
+struct WitnessV0ScriptHash : public BaseHash<uint256>
 {
-    WitnessV0ScriptHash() : uint256() {}
-    explicit WitnessV0ScriptHash(const uint256& hash) : uint256(hash) {}
+    WitnessV0ScriptHash() : BaseHash() {}
+    explicit WitnessV0ScriptHash(const uint256& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
     explicit WitnessV0ScriptHash(const CScript& script);
 };
 
-struct WitnessV0KeyHash : public uint160
+struct WitnessV0KeyHash : public BaseHash<uint160>
 {
-    WitnessV0KeyHash() : uint160() {}
-    explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const uint160& hash) : uint160(hash) {}
+    WitnessV0KeyHash() : BaseHash() {}
+    explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const uint160& hash) : BaseHash(hash) {}
     explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const CPubKey& pubkey);
     explicit WitnessV0KeyHash(const PKHash& pubkey_hash);
 };