Ava Chow ddf2ebd465
Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30058: Encapsulate warnings in generalized node::Warnings and remove globals
260f8da71a35232d859d7705861fc1a88bfbbe81 refactor: remove warnings globals (stickies-v)
9c4b0b7ce459765fa1a63b410c3423b90f0d2a5f node: update uiInterface whenever warnings updated (stickies-v)
b071ad9770b7ae7fc718dcbfdc8f62dffbf6cfee introduce and use the generalized `node::Warnings` interface (stickies-v)
20e616f86444d00712ac7eb840666e2b0378af4a move-only: move warnings from common to node (stickies-v)
bed29c481aebeb2b0160450c63c03cc68fb89bc6 refactor: remove unnecessary AppendWarning helper function (stickies-v)

Pull request description:

  This PR:
  - moves warnings from common to the node library and into the node namespace (as suggested in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/29845#discussion_r1570069541)
  - generalizes the warnings interface to `Warnings::Set()` and `Warnings::Unset()` methods, instead of having a separate function and globals for each warning. As a result, this simplifies the `kernel::Notifications` interface.
  - removes warnings.cpp from the kernel library
  - removes warning globals
  - adds testing for the warning logic

  Behaviour change introduced:
  - the `-alertnotify` command is executed for all `KernelNotifications::warningSet` calls, which now also covers the `LARGE_WORK_INVALID_CHAIN` warning
  - the GUI is updated automatically whenever a warning is (un)set, covering some code paths where it previously wouldn't be, e.g. when `node::AbortNode()` is called, or for the `LARGE_WORK_INVALID_CHAIN` warning

  Some discussion points:
  - ~is `const std::string& id` the best way to refer to warnings? Enums are an obvious alternative, but since we need to define warnings across libraries, strings seem like a straightforward solution.~ _edit: updated approach to use `node::Warning` and `kernel::Warning` enums._

ACKs for top commit:
  achow101:
    ACK 260f8da71a35232d859d7705861fc1a88bfbbe81
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK 260f8da71a35232d859d7705861fc1a88bfbbe81. Only change since last review was rebasing
  TheCharlatan:
    Re-ACK 260f8da71a35232d859d7705861fc1a88bfbbe81

Tree-SHA512: a3fcedaee0d3ad64e9c111aeb30665162f98e0e72acd6a70b76ff2ddf4f0a34da4f97ce353c322a1668ca6ee4d8a81cc6e6d170c5bbeb7a43cffdaf66646b588
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src/node/

The src/node/ directory contains code that needs to access node state (state in CChain, CBlockIndex, CCoinsView, CTxMemPool, and similar classes).

Code in src/node/ is meant to be segregated from code in src/wallet/ and src/qt/, to ensure wallet and GUI code changes don't interfere with node operation, to allow wallet and GUI code to run in separate processes, and to perhaps eventually allow wallet and GUI code to be maintained in separate source repositories.

As a rule of thumb, code in one of the src/node/, src/wallet/, or src/qt/ directories should avoid calling code in the other directories directly, and only invoke it indirectly through the more limited src/interfaces/ classes.

This directory is at the moment sparsely populated. Eventually more substantial files like src/validation.cpp and src/txmempool.cpp might be moved there.