Andrew Chow 576e16e702 Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#26184: test: p2p: check that headers message with invalid proof-of-work disconnects peer
772671245d test: p2p: check that headers message with invalid proof-of-work disconnects peer (Sebastian Falbesoner)

Pull request description:

  One of the earliest anti-DoS checks done after receiving and deserializing a `headers` message from a peer is verifying whether the proof-of-work is valid (called in method `PeerManagerImpl::ProcessHeadersMessage`):
  f227e153e8/src/net_processing.cpp (L2752-L2762)
  The called method `PeerManagerImpl::CheckHeadersPoW` calls `Misbehaving` with a score of 100, i.e. leading to an immediate disconnect of the peer:
  f227e153e8/src/net_processing.cpp (L2368-L2372)

  This PR adds a simple test for both the misbehaving log and the resulting disconnect. For creating a block header with invalid proof-of-work, we first create one that is accepted by the node (the difficulty field `nBits` is copied from the genesis block) and based on that the nonce is modified until we have block header hash prefix that is too high to fulfill even the minimum difficulty.

ACKs for top commit:
  Sjors:
    ACK 772671245d
  achow101:
    ACK 772671245d
  brunoerg:
    crACK 772671245d
  furszy:
    Code review ACK 77267124 with a non-blocking speedup.

Tree-SHA512: 680aa7939158d1dc672b90aa6554ba2b3a92584b6d3bcb0227776035858429feb8bc66eed18b47de0fe56df7d9b3ddaee231aaeaa360136603b9ad4b19e6ac11
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Bitcoin Core integration/staging tree

https://bitcoincore.org

For an immediately usable, binary version of the Bitcoin Core software, see https://bitcoincore.org/en/download/.

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Bitcoin Core connects to the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network to download and fully validate blocks and transactions. It also includes a wallet and graphical user interface, which can be optionally built.

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