Ava Chow 9a7eece5a4 Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31981: Add checkBlock() to Mining interface
a18e572328 test: more template verification tests (Sjors Provoost)
10c908808f test: move gbt proposal mode tests to new file (Sjors Provoost)
94959b8dee Add checkBlock to Mining interface (Sjors Provoost)
6077157531 ipc: drop BlockValidationState special handling (Sjors Provoost)
74690f4ed8 validation: refactor TestBlockValidity (Sjors Provoost)

Pull request description:

  This PR adds the IPC equivalent of the `getblocktemplate` RPC in `proposal` mode.

  In order to do so it has `TestBlockValidity` return error reasons as a string instead of `BlockValidationState`. This avoids complexity in IPC code for handling the latter struct.

  The new Mining interface method is used in `miner_tests`.

  It's not used by the `getblocktemplate` and `generateblock` RPC calls, see https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/31981#discussion_r2096473337

  The `inconclusive-not-best-prevblk` check is moved from RPC
  code to `TestBlockValidity`.

  Test coverage is increased by `mining_template_verification.py`.

  Superseedes #31564

  ## Background

  ### Verifying block templates (no PoW)

  Stratum v2 allows miners to generate their own block template. Pools may wish (or need) to verify these templates. This typically involves comparing mempools, asking miners to providing missing transactions and then reconstructing the proposed block.[^0] This is not sufficient to ensure a proposed block is actually valid. In some schemes miners could take advantage of incomplete validation[^1].

  The Stratum Reference Implementation (SRI), currently the only Stratum v2 implementation, collects all missing mempool transactions, but does not yet fully verify the block.[^2]. It could use the `getblocktemplate` RPC in `proposal` mode, but using IPC is more performant, as it avoids serialising up to 4 MB of transaction data as JSON.

  (although SRI could use this PR, the Template Provider role doesn't need it, so this is _not_ part of #31098)

  [^0]: https://github.com/stratum-mining/sv2-spec/blob/main/06-Job-Declaration-Protocol.md
  [^1]: https://delvingbitcoin.org/t/pplns-with-job-declaration/1099/45?u=sjors
  [^2]: https://github.com/stratum-mining/stratum/blob/v1.1.0/roles/jd-server/src/lib/job_declarator/message_handler.rs#L196

ACKs for top commit:
  davidgumberg:
    reACK a18e572328
  achow101:
    ACK a18e572328
  TheCharlatan:
    ACK a18e572328
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK a18e572328 just adding another NONFATAL_UNREACHABLE since last review

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Bitcoin Core integration/staging tree

https://bitcoincore.org

For an immediately usable, binary version of the Bitcoin Core software, see https://bitcoincore.org/en/download/.

What is Bitcoin Core?

Bitcoin Core connects to the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network to download and fully validate blocks and transactions. It also includes a wallet and graphical user interface, which can be optionally built.

Further information about Bitcoin Core is available in the doc folder.

License

Bitcoin Core is released under the terms of the MIT license. See COPYING for more information or see https://opensource.org/license/MIT.

Development Process

The master branch is regularly built (see doc/build-*.md for instructions) and tested, but it is not guaranteed to be completely stable. Tags are created regularly from release branches to indicate new official, stable release versions of Bitcoin Core.

The https://github.com/bitcoin-core/gui repository is used exclusively for the development of the GUI. Its master branch is identical in all monotree repositories. Release branches and tags do not exist, so please do not fork that repository unless it is for development reasons.

The contribution workflow is described in CONTRIBUTING.md and useful hints for developers can be found in doc/developer-notes.md.

Testing

Testing and code review is the bottleneck for development; we get more pull requests than we can review and test on short notice. Please be patient and help out by testing other people's pull requests, and remember this is a security-critical project where any mistake might cost people lots of money.

Automated Testing

Developers are strongly encouraged to write unit tests for new code, and to submit new unit tests for old code. Unit tests can be compiled and run (assuming they weren't disabled during the generation of the build system) with: ctest. Further details on running and extending unit tests can be found in /src/test/README.md.

There are also regression and integration tests, written in Python. These tests can be run (if the test dependencies are installed) with: build/test/functional/test_runner.py (assuming build is your build directory).

The CI (Continuous Integration) systems make sure that every pull request is tested on Windows, Linux, and macOS. The CI must pass on all commits before merge to avoid unrelated CI failures on new pull requests.

Manual Quality Assurance (QA) Testing

Changes should be tested by somebody other than the developer who wrote the code. This is especially important for large or high-risk changes. It is useful to add a test plan to the pull request description if testing the changes is not straightforward.

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Changes to translations as well as new translations can be submitted to Bitcoin Core's Transifex page.

Translations are periodically pulled from Transifex and merged into the git repository. See the translation process for details on how this works.

Important: We do not accept translation changes as GitHub pull requests because the next pull from Transifex would automatically overwrite them again.

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