docs(project-resources): tighten local_directory wording per review

- Soften "only the bound daemon can take tasks" to "only the bound
  daemon uses this local directory" (zh) — aligns with the
  mixed-resource fallback section where other daemons still run.
- Clarify that local_directory does not create/use a github_repo
  worktree for that task (en + zh); the per-workspace repo cache may
  still sync as a background behaviour.
- Match implementation for the Desktop "Add local directory" button:
  it stays visible but is disabled with a hint when daemon is offline
  or the per-daemon limit is reached; only the web app hides it
  outright (en + zh).

Co-authored-by: multica-agent <github@multica.ai>

.agents/skills/web-design-guidelines/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+name: web-design-guidelines
+description: Review UI code for Web Interface Guidelines compliance. Use when asked to "review my UI", "check accessibility", "audit design", "review UX", or "check my site against best practices".
+metadata:
+  author: vercel
+  version: "1.0.0"
+  argument-hint: <file-or-pattern>
+---
+
+# Web Interface Guidelines
+
+Review files for compliance with Web Interface Guidelines.
+
+## How It Works
+
+1. Fetch the latest guidelines from the source URL below
+2. Read the specified files (or prompt user for files/pattern)
+3. Check against all rules in the fetched guidelines
+4. Output findings in the terse `file:line` format
+
+## Guidelines Source
+
+Fetch fresh guidelines before each review:
+
+```
+https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vercel-labs/web-interface-guidelines/main/command.md
+```
+
+Use WebFetch to retrieve the latest rules. The fetched content contains all the rules and output format instructions.
+
+## Usage
+
+When a user provides a file or pattern argument:
+1. Fetch guidelines from the source URL above
+2. Read the specified files
+3. Apply all rules from the fetched guidelines
+4. Output findings using the format specified in the guidelines
+
+If no files specified, ask the user which files to review.

.env.example

@@ -21,14 +21,39 @@ APP_ENV=
 # 888888 and keep APP_ENV non-production. This is ignored when APP_ENV=production.
 MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE=
 PORT=8080
+# Optional aliases for the local/self-host backend port. If one is set, it
+# takes precedence over PORT in compose, Makefile, and installer helpers.
+# BACKEND_PORT=8080
+# API_PORT=8080
+# SERVER_PORT=8080
 # Prometheus metrics are disabled by default. When enabled, bind to loopback
 # unless you protect the listener with private networking, allowlists, or
 # proxy auth. Do not expose this endpoint through the public app/API ingress.
 # HTTP request metrics start accumulating only when this listener is enabled.
 # METRICS_ADDR=127.0.0.1:9090
 JWT_SECRET=change-me-in-production
-MULTICA_SERVER_URL=ws://localhost:8080/ws
-MULTICA_APP_URL=http://localhost:3000
+# Derived by Makefile / local scripts from the backend port.
+# Set explicitly only when the daemon reaches the API through a different URL.
+# MULTICA_SERVER_URL=ws://localhost:8080/ws
+# Derived by docker-compose.selfhost.yml / local scripts from FRONTEND_PORT.
+# Set explicitly only when the app's public URL differs from local frontend.
+# MULTICA_APP_URL=http://localhost:3000
+# Public URL the API is reachable at from the open internet (no trailing
+# slash). Used to mint absolute webhook URLs for autopilot webhook
+# triggers. Leave unset behind a same-origin reverse proxy or for plain
+# localhost dev — the frontend will compose the URL from
+# window.origin + webhook_path in that case. Headers are intentionally
+# not used to derive this value, to avoid Host / X-Forwarded-Host
+# spoofing when a self-hosted reverse proxy is not hardened.
+MULTICA_PUBLIC_URL=
+# Comma-separated CIDR list of reverse proxies whose X-Forwarded-For /
+# X-Real-IP headers the per-IP webhook rate limiter is allowed to trust.
+# Empty (the default) means "trust no headers" — the limiter uses
+# r.RemoteAddr only, which is the safe shape when the backend is
+# exposed directly. Set this when running behind nginx/Caddy/Cloudflare:
+# e.g. "127.0.0.1/32" for a same-host reverse proxy, or the CDN's
+# announced ranges for cloud deployments.
+MULTICA_TRUSTED_PROXIES=
 MULTICA_DAEMON_CONFIG=
 MULTICA_WORKSPACE_ID=
 MULTICA_DAEMON_ID=
@@ -48,11 +73,26 @@ MULTICA_IMAGE_TAG=latest
 MULTICA_BACKEND_IMAGE=ghcr.io/multica-ai/multica-backend
 MULTICA_WEB_IMAGE=ghcr.io/multica-ai/multica-web
 
-# Email (Resend)
-# For local/dev use, leave RESEND_API_KEY empty — generated codes print to stdout.
-# For production, set your Resend API key and change RESEND_FROM_EMAIL to a domain verified in your Resend account.
+# Email
+# Two delivery options - only one needs to be configured:
+#
+# Option A: Resend (SaaS, recommended for cloud deployments)
+#   Set RESEND_API_KEY to a key from resend.com and verify your sending domain there.
+#   For local/dev use, leave RESEND_API_KEY empty - codes print to stdout. To
+#   accept a fixed local code, also set MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE above
+#   (ignored when APP_ENV=production).
 RESEND_API_KEY=
 RESEND_FROM_EMAIL=noreply@multica.ai
+#
+# Option B: SMTP relay (for self-hosted / on-premise deployments)
+#   Takes priority over Resend when SMTP_HOST is set.
+#   Supports unauthenticated relay (leave SMTP_USERNAME empty) and authenticated SMTP.
+#   Set SMTP_TLS_INSECURE=true only for private CA or self-signed certificates.
+SMTP_HOST=
+SMTP_PORT=25
+SMTP_USERNAME=
+SMTP_PASSWORD=
+SMTP_TLS_INSECURE=false
 
 # Google OAuth
 # The web login page reads GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID from /api/config at runtime, so
@@ -60,9 +100,14 @@ RESEND_FROM_EMAIL=noreply@multica.ai
 # rebuild is needed.
 GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=
 GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=
-GOOGLE_REDIRECT_URI=http://localhost:3000/auth/callback
+# Derived by docker-compose.selfhost.yml / local scripts from FRONTEND_PORT.
+# Set explicitly only when your OAuth callback URL differs from local frontend.
+# GOOGLE_REDIRECT_URI=http://localhost:3000/auth/callback
 
 # S3 / CloudFront
+# S3_BUCKET — bucket NAME only (e.g. "my-bucket"). Do NOT include the
+# ".s3.<region>.amazonaws.com" suffix; the server builds the public URL
+# from S3_BUCKET + S3_REGION. S3_REGION must match the bucket's real region.
 S3_BUCKET=
 S3_REGION=us-west-2
 CLOUDFRONT_KEY_PAIR_ID=
@@ -78,15 +123,46 @@ CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN=
 # attribute and browsers silently drop such cookies.
 COOKIE_DOMAIN=
 
+# AUTH_TOKEN_TTL — auth token lifetime. Accepts Go duration strings (e.g.
+# "8760h", "720h30m") or plain integer seconds.
+# Default: 2592000 (30 days). Self-hosted deployments on trusted networks can
+# set a longer value to reduce re-authentication frequency.
+# Note: longer TTL = longer exposure window if a cookie is leaked.
+# AUTH_TOKEN_TTL=2592000
+
 # Local file storage (fallback when S3_BUCKET is not set)
 LOCAL_UPLOAD_DIR=./data/uploads
-LOCAL_UPLOAD_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8080
+# Derived by Makefile / local scripts from the backend port.
+# Set explicitly only when uploads are served through a different public URL.
+# LOCAL_UPLOAD_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8080
 
 # Security
 # Comma-separated list of allowed origins for CORS and WebSocket connections.
 # Defaults to localhost dev origins when unset.
-# Example: ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://app.multica.ai,https://staging.multica.ai
-ALLOWED_ORIGINS=
+# Example: CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://app.multica.ai,https://staging.multica.ai
+CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=
+
+# ==================== Rate limiting (optional Redis) ====================
+# Per-IP fixed-window rate limiter on the public auth endpoints
+# (/auth/send-code, /auth/verify-code, /auth/google). Backed by Redis.
+# When REDIS_URL is unset the limiter is a no-op (fail-open) and the
+# backend logs "rate limiting disabled: REDIS_URL not configured" at
+# startup. The same REDIS_URL is reused by the realtime fan-out hub,
+# the PAT cache, and the daemon-token cache.
+# REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379/0
+# Max requests per IP per minute. Defaults are 5 for send-code/google
+# and 20 for verify-code.
+# RATE_LIMIT_AUTH=5
+# RATE_LIMIT_AUTH_VERIFY=20
+# Comma-separated CIDRs whose X-Forwarded-For the auth limiter is
+# allowed to trust. Empty (default) = never trust XFF, only RemoteAddr.
+# REQUIRED behind a reverse proxy — otherwise every real user shares
+# the proxy IP and the whole deployment lands in one bucket, turning
+# /auth/send-code into 5 req/min site-wide. Use e.g. "127.0.0.1/32,::1/128"
+# for same-host Caddy/Nginx, or the CDN's published ranges for ALB/CF.
+# This is a separate list from MULTICA_TRUSTED_PROXIES above (which
+# governs the autopilot webhook limiter).
+# RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES=
 
 # Realtime metrics endpoint (/health/realtime) access control. See MUL-1342.
 # When unset, the endpoint only serves direct loopback (127.0.0.1 / ::1)
@@ -98,11 +174,20 @@ ALLOWED_ORIGINS=
 # `Authorization: Bearer <token>`.
 # REALTIME_METRICS_TOKEN=
 
+# GitHub App integration (Settings → GitHub "Connect GitHub")
+# Both must be set for the Connect button to enable and for webhooks to be
+# accepted; leave empty to disable the integration. See docs/github-integration.
+# GITHUB_APP_SLUG is the tail of https://github.com/apps/<slug>.
+GITHUB_APP_SLUG=
+GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET=
+
 # Frontend
 FRONTEND_PORT=3000
-FRONTEND_ORIGIN=http://localhost:3000
+# Derived by docker-compose.selfhost.yml / local scripts from FRONTEND_PORT.
+# Set explicitly only when serving frontend on a different origin/domain.
+# FRONTEND_ORIGIN=http://localhost:3000
 # Leave empty — auto-derived from page origin in browser, set by Makefile for local dev.
-# Only set explicitly if frontend and backend are on different domains.
+# NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL also feeds the Next.js SSR proxy when explicitly set.
 NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL=
 NEXT_PUBLIC_WS_URL=
 
@@ -129,5 +214,8 @@ ALLOWED_EMAILS=
 # will run a no-op analytics client and ship nothing. See docs/analytics.md.
 POSTHOG_API_KEY=
 POSTHOG_HOST=https://us.i.posthog.com
+# Optional override for the `environment` PostHog event property.
+# Defaults from APP_ENV and normalizes to production / staging / dev.
+ANALYTICS_ENVIRONMENT=
 # Force the no-op client even when POSTHOG_API_KEY is set (CI / opt-out).
 ANALYTICS_DISABLED=

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ body:
     id: deployment
     attributes:
       label: Deployment type
-      description: Are you using the hosted version or a self-hosted instance?
+      description: Are you using the Official App (multica.ai) or a self-hosted instance?
       options:
-        - multica.ai (hosted)
-        - Self-hosted
+        - Official App
+        - self-host
     validations:
       required: true
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ body:
     id: deployment
     attributes:
       label: Deployment type
-      description: Are you using the hosted version or a self-hosted instance?
+      description: Are you using the Official App (multica.ai) or a self-hosted instance?
       options:
-        - multica.ai (hosted)
-        - Self-hosted
+        - Official App
+        - self-host
     validations:
       required: true
 

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ Closes #
 - [ ] I have added or updated tests where applicable
 - [ ] If this change affects the UI, I have included before/after screenshots
 - [ ] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
+- [ ] If I added a new runtime / coding tool / UI tab, I synced the change to **landing copy** (`apps/web/features/landing/i18n/`) and **relevant docs** (`apps/docs/content/docs/`)
+- [ ] If this PR touches Chinese product copy, I checked it against `apps/docs/content/docs/developers/conventions.zh.mdx` (terminology, mixed-rule for `task` / `issue` / `skill`)
 - [ ] I have considered and documented any risks above
 - [ ] I will address all reviewer comments before requesting merge
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: pnpm install
 
-      - name: Build, type check, and test
-        run: pnpm exec turbo build typecheck test --filter='!@multica/docs'
+      - name: Test self-host env derivation
+        run: bash scripts/selfhost-config.test.sh
+
+      - name: Verify reserved-slugs.ts is up to date
+        # Re-runs the generator and fails on any drift from the
+        # checked-in TypeScript output. The Go side embeds the JSON
+        # source directly, so a passing diff here proves both sides
+        # share one source of truth.
+        run: |
+          pnpm generate:reserved-slugs
+          git diff --exit-code -- packages/core/paths/reserved-slugs.ts
+
+      - name: Build, type check, lint, and test
+        run: pnpm exec turbo build typecheck lint test --filter='!@multica/docs'
 
   backend:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -82,3 +94,20 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Test
         run: cd server && go test ./...
+
+  installer:
+    # Stub-driven shell tests for scripts/install.sh. Kept off the heavy
+    # backend job so installer regressions surface independently, and
+    # exercised on macOS too because the installer targets macOS/Homebrew
+    # and `tar` / `sed` / `mktemp` differ between BSD and GNU userlands.
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test shell installers
+        run: bash scripts/install.test.sh

.gitignore

@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ dist-electron
 # Desktop production config is public (backend URL, etc.) — track it so
 # `pnpm package` produces a release-ready build without extra setup.
 !apps/desktop/.env.production
+# Mobile staging config is public (staging API URL) — track it so a fresh
+# checkout can run `pnpm dev:mobile:staging` / `ios:mobile*:staging` without
+# the user having to copy `.env.example` first.
+!apps/mobile/.env.staging
+# Mobile production config is public (production API URL) — track it so
+# external users can run `pnpm ios:mobile:device:prod:release` against
+# multica.ai's production backend without copying templates first.
+!apps/mobile/.env.production
 
 # test coverage
 coverage
@@ -40,6 +48,8 @@ apps/web/test-results/
 
 # context (agent workspace)
 .context
+.agent_context/
+.multica/
 
 # local settings
 .claude/

CLAUDE.md

@@ -2,6 +2,21 @@
 
 This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
 
+## Conventions reference
+
+The single source of truth for **code naming, the i18n translation glossary, and the Chinese voice guide** is the docs site:
+
+- **`apps/docs/content/docs/developers/conventions.mdx`** (English)
+- **`apps/docs/content/docs/developers/conventions.zh.mdx`** (Chinese)
+
+Read that page before:
+
+- Writing or editing translations (`packages/views/locales/`)
+- Naming a new route, package, file, DB column, or TS type
+- Writing Chinese product copy (UI strings, error messages, docs)
+
+The legacy `packages/views/locales/glossary.md` is now a stub redirecting to the docs page; do not rely on it.
+
 ## Project Context
 
 Multica is an AI-native task management platform — like Linear, but with AI agents as first-class citizens.
@@ -17,11 +32,14 @@ Multica is an AI-native task management platform — like Linear, but with AI ag
 - `server/` — Go backend (Chi router, sqlc for DB, gorilla/websocket for real-time)
 - `apps/web/` — Next.js frontend (App Router)
 - `apps/desktop/` — Electron desktop app (electron-vite)
-- `packages/core/` — Headless business logic (zero react-dom, all-platform reuse)
+- `apps/mobile/` — Expo / React Native iOS app. See `apps/mobile/CLAUDE.md`.
+- `packages/core/` — Headless business logic (zero react-dom)
 - `packages/ui/` — Atomic UI components (zero business logic)
 - `packages/views/` — Shared business pages/components (zero next/* imports, zero react-router imports)
 - `packages/tsconfig/` — Shared TypeScript configuration
 
+What lives where for sharing purposes is documented in *Sharing Principles* below — read it once.
+
 ### Key Architectural Decisions
 
 **Internal Packages pattern** — all shared packages export raw `.ts`/`.tsx` files (no pre-compilation). The consuming app's bundler compiles them directly. This gives zero-config HMR and instant go-to-definition.
@@ -37,7 +55,7 @@ Multica is an AI-native task management platform — like Linear, but with AI ag
 The architecture relies on a strict split between server state and client state. Mixing them is the most common way to break it.
 
 - **TanStack Query owns all server state.** Issues, users, workspaces, inbox — anything fetched from the API lives in the Query cache. WS events keep it fresh via invalidation; no polling, no `staleTime` workarounds.
-- **Zustand owns all client state.** UI selections, filters, drafts, modal state, navigation history. Stores live in `packages/core/` (never in `packages/views/`) so both apps share them.
+- **Zustand owns all client state.** UI selections, filters, drafts, modal state, navigation history. Stores live in `packages/core/` (never in `packages/views/`) so they're shared.
 - **React Context** is reserved for cross-cutting platform plumbing — `WorkspaceIdProvider`, `NavigationProvider`. Don't reach for it for general state.
 - **Auth and workspace stores are the only stores allowed to call `api.*` directly**, because they manage critical state that must exist before queries can run. They're created via factory + injected dependencies, registered by the platform layer.
 
@@ -54,6 +72,17 @@ The architecture relies on a strict split between server state and client state.
 - Selectors must return stable references. Returning a freshly built object or array on every call (e.g. `s => ({ a: s.a, b: s.b })` or `s => s.items.map(...)`) triggers infinite re-renders. Either select primitives separately or use shallow comparison.
 - Hooks that need workspace context should accept `wsId` as a parameter, not call `useWorkspaceId()` internally — this lets them work outside the `WorkspaceIdProvider` (e.g. in a sidebar that renders before workspace is loaded).
 
+## Sharing Principles
+
+The monorepo splits into two share zones:
+
+- **Web and desktop** share business logic, components, hooks, stores, and views through `packages/core/`, `packages/ui/`, and `packages/views/`. Existing model — keep using it.
+- **Mobile (`apps/mobile/`) is independent.** It shares only **types and pure functions** from `@multica/core/`, with `import type` for types (zero runtime coupling). UI, state, hooks, providers, i18n, React version, build pipeline, release cadence — all mobile-owned.
+
+Mobile is locked to the React version that Expo SDK / React Native ships (which lags React main by 6-12 months). Coupling mobile to the root `catalog:` React would block mobile from upgrading on its own schedule.
+
+See `apps/mobile/CLAUDE.md` for the mobile rules and tech-stack baseline.
+
 ## Commands
 
 ```bash
@@ -96,6 +125,16 @@ cd server && go test ./internal/handler/ -run TestName
 # Run a single E2E test (requires backend + frontend running)
 pnpm exec playwright test e2e/tests/specific-test.spec.ts
 
+# Mobile (Expo) — two environments only: dev and staging
+pnpm dev:mobile                  # Metro, dev env       (reads apps/mobile/.env.development.local)
+pnpm dev:mobile:staging          # Metro, staging env   (reads apps/mobile/.env.staging)
+pnpm ios:mobile                  # Native build + install dev-client to iOS Simulator, dev env
+pnpm ios:mobile:staging          # Native build + install dev-client to iOS Simulator, staging env
+pnpm ios:mobile:device           # Native build + install dev-client to USB iPhone, dev env
+pnpm ios:mobile:device:staging   # Native build + install dev-client to USB iPhone, staging env
+# Daily flow: run `pnpm dev:mobile:staging` (or :dev). Only re-run `ios:mobile*` when
+# native code or any expo-*/react-native-* dependency changes (lockfile drift counts).
+
 # Desktop build & package
 pnpm --filter @multica/desktop build      # Compile TS → JS (reads .env.production)
 pnpm --filter @multica/desktop package    # Package into .app/.dmg/.exe (current platform only)
@@ -131,10 +170,27 @@ make start-worktree     # Start using .env.worktree
 - Go code follows standard Go conventions (gofmt, go vet).
 - Keep comments in code **English only**.
 - Prefer existing patterns/components over introducing parallel abstractions.
-- Unless the user explicitly asks for backwards compatibility, do **not** add compatibility layers, fallback paths, dual-write logic, legacy adapters, or temporary shims.
+- Unless the user explicitly asks for backwards compatibility, do **not** add compatibility layers, fallback paths, dual-write logic, legacy adapters, or temporary shims **for internal, non-boundary code** (a function calling another function in the same package, a component reading its own state, a store helper, etc.).
+- This rule does **not** apply at API boundaries: the desktop app cannot assume the backend it talks to has the same shape as the one it was built against (older desktop installs will outlive any given server build). API response handling must follow the rules in **API Response Compatibility** below — that is a defensive boundary, not a legacy shim.
 - If a flow or API is being replaced and the product is not yet live, prefer removing the old path instead of preserving both old and new behavior.
 - Avoid broad refactors unless required by the task.
 - New global (pre-workspace) routes MUST use a single word (`/login`, `/inbox`) or a `/{noun}/{verb}` pair (`/workspaces/new`). NEVER add hyphenated word-group root routes (`/new-workspace`, `/create-team`) — they collide with common user workspace names and force endless reserved-slug audits. Reserving the noun (`workspaces`) automatically protects the entire `/workspaces/*` subtree.
+- The reserved-slug list lives in **one** place: `server/internal/handler/reserved_slugs.json`. The Go side embeds the JSON; `packages/core/paths/reserved-slugs.ts` is generated from it by `pnpm generate:reserved-slugs`. Edit the JSON, run the generator, commit both. CI re-runs the generator and fails on any drift, so a stale TS file cannot land.
+
+### API Response Compatibility
+
+The desktop app installed on a user's machine is older than any backend it talks to: a user on 0.2.26 will hit a server running 0.3.x, then 0.4.x, then beyond. Every response shape is a contract that **will** drift, and the frontend must survive drift without white-screening. Three concrete incidents already happened from violating this — #2143, #2147, #2192.
+
+When writing code that consumes an API response, follow these rules:
+
+- **Parse, don't cast.** Untyped JSON crossing the network is not `T`. Use `parseWithFallback` in `packages/core/api/schema.ts` with a `zod` schema and an explicit fallback. On validation failure it logs a warning and returns the fallback; it never throws into the UI.
+- **No bare `as` casts on response bodies.** Every endpoint method whose response is consumed by UI logic must run through a schema before returning.
+- **Optional-chain and default everywhere downstream.** Treat every field as possibly missing. Use explicit boolean checks (`=== true`) over truthy/falsy negation, which silently treats `undefined` and `null` as `false`.
+- **Don't pin a UI affordance to a single backend field.** If a button or indicator depends on exactly one boolean from the server, a backend bug deletes it. Combine signals (cursor presence, page length, etc.) so the affordance stays available in the worst case.
+- **Enum drift downgrades, not crashes.** A new server-side enum value should render a generic fallback. `switch` statements on server-driven strings must have a `default` branch.
+- **When you add or change an endpoint:** add the schema in the same PR, and write at least one test that feeds a malformed response through it (missing field, wrong type, `null` array). The test fails closed if a future change breaks the contract.
+
+This is not premature defense — it is the *only* defense for an installed-app architecture. CSR-only browser apps can ship a fix in minutes; an Electron build sitting on a developer's laptop cannot.
 
 ### Backend Handler UUID Parsing Convention
 
@@ -147,21 +203,29 @@ Every Go handler in `server/internal/handler/` follows these rules. The conventi
 
 When adding a `Queries.Delete*` or `Queries.Update*` call, ask: "Where did this UUID come from?" If the answer is "raw user input that hasn't been validated," route it through `parseUUIDOrBadRequest` or a loader first.
 
+### Dependency Declaration Rule
+
+Every workspace (`apps/` and `packages/` directories) must explicitly declare all directly imported external packages in its own `package.json`. Relying on pnpm hoist to resolve undeclared imports (phantom deps) is prohibited — it causes production build failures when pnpm creates peer-dep variants.
+
+- Use `"pkg": "catalog:"` to reference the shared version from `pnpm-workspace.yaml`.
+- CI enforces this via `eslint-plugin-import-x/no-extraneous-dependencies`.
+- Exception: `apps/mobile/` uses pinned versions (not `catalog:`) for packages tied to its own React/Expo version.
+
 ### Package Boundary Rules
 
 These are hard constraints. Violating them breaks the cross-platform architecture:
 
-- `packages/core/` — zero react-dom, zero localStorage (use StorageAdapter), zero process.env, zero UI libraries. **All shared Zustand stores live here**, even view-related ones (filters, view modes) — stores are pure state, not UI.
+- `packages/core/` — zero react-dom, zero localStorage (use StorageAdapter), zero process.env, zero UI libraries. **Shared Zustand stores live here**, even view-related ones (filters, view modes) — stores are pure state, not UI.
 - `packages/ui/` — zero `@multica/core` imports (pure UI, no business logic).
 - `packages/views/` — zero `next/*` imports, zero `react-router-dom` imports, zero stores. Use `NavigationAdapter` for all routing.
 - `apps/web/platform/` — the only place for Next.js APIs (`next/navigation`).
 - `apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/platform/` — the only place for react-router-dom navigation wiring.
 
-### The No-Duplication Rule
+### The No-Duplication Rule (web + desktop)
 
-**If the same logic exists in both apps, it must be extracted to a shared package.**
+**If the same logic exists in both web and desktop, it must be extracted to a shared package.**
 
-This applies to everything: components, hooks, guards, providers, utility functions. The decision process:
+This applies to everything between web and desktop: components, hooks, guards, providers, utility functions. The decision process:
 
 1. Does this code depend on Next.js or Electron APIs? → Keep in the respective app.
 2. Does it depend on `react-router-dom` or `next/navigation`? → Keep in app's `platform/` layer.
@@ -169,9 +233,9 @@ This applies to everything: components, hooks, guards, providers, utility functi
 
 When the two apps need different behavior for the same concept (e.g., different loading UI), extract the shared logic into a component with props/slots for the differences. Don't duplicate the logic.
 
-### Cross-Platform Development Rules
+### Cross-Platform Development Rules (web + desktop)
 
-When adding a new page or feature:
+When adding a new page or feature for web/desktop:
 
 1. **New page component** → add to `packages/views/<domain>/`. Never import from `next/*` or `react-router-dom`.
 2. **Wire it in both apps** → add a route in `apps/web/app/` (Next.js page file) AND in the desktop router. **Exception**: pre-workspace transition flows (create workspace, accept invite) are NOT routes on desktop — they're `WindowOverlay` state. See *Desktop-specific Rules → Route categories*.
@@ -180,14 +244,18 @@ When adding a new page or feature:
 5. **Platform-specific UI** → if a feature is web-only or desktop-only, keep it in the respective app. Use props slots (`extra`, `topSlot`) on shared layout components to inject platform-specific UI.
 6. **New hooks that need workspace context** → accept `wsId` as parameter instead of reading from `useWorkspaceId()` Context, so they work both inside and outside `WorkspaceIdProvider`.
 
-### CSS Architecture
+### CSS Architecture (web + desktop)
 
-Both apps share the same CSS foundation from `packages/ui/styles/`.
+Web and desktop share the same CSS foundation from `packages/ui/styles/`.
 
 - **Design tokens** → use semantic tokens (`bg-background`, `text-muted-foreground`). Never use hardcoded Tailwind colors (`text-red-500`, `bg-gray-100`).
 - **Shared styles** → `packages/ui/styles/`. Never duplicate scrollbar styling, keyframes, or base layer rules in app CSS.
 - **`@source` directives** → both apps scan shared packages so Tailwind sees all class names.
 
+## Mobile-specific Rules
+
+Rules for `apps/mobile/` live in `apps/mobile/CLAUDE.md`. Read it before touching anything in `apps/mobile/` — it covers what may be imported from `@multica/core/`, the React version policy, the build/release pipeline, and the locked tech-stack baseline.
+
 ## Desktop-specific Rules
 
 These rules apply to `apps/desktop/` only. Web has different constraints (URL bar, SSR, no tabs) and doesn't share these concerns. Every rule in this section was added after a concrete bug — treat them as enforced, not suggestions.

CLI_AND_DAEMON.md

@@ -269,21 +269,37 @@ Each profile gets its own config directory (`~/.multica/profiles/<name>/`), daem
 
 ## Workspaces
 
+### Working with multiple workspaces
+
+Every command runs against a single workspace. The CLI resolves which one in this order (highest priority first):
+
+1. `--workspace-id <id>` flag on the command
+2. `MULTICA_WORKSPACE_ID` environment variable
+3. The default workspace stored in your current profile (set by `multica workspace switch` or `multica login`)
+
+`multica workspace switch <id|slug>` is the day-to-day way to change the default workspace. For scripting and headless setups where you don't want any stored state, prefer the `--workspace-id` flag or the env variable. `multica config set workspace_id <id>` is the low-level equivalent of `switch` (it writes the same setting but skips the access check).
+
+If you need full isolation between organizations or accounts — separate tokens, separate daemons, separate config dirs — use `--profile <name>` instead. Each profile keeps its own default workspace.
+
 ### List Workspaces
 
 ```bash
 multica workspace list
+multica workspace list --full-id
+multica workspace list --output json
 ```
 
-Watched workspaces are marked with `*`. The daemon only processes tasks for watched workspaces.
+The current default workspace is marked with `*`. Table output shows short UUID prefixes — pass `--full-id` when you need the canonical UUIDs.
 
-### Watch / Unwatch
+### Switch Default Workspace
 
 ```bash
-multica workspace watch <workspace-id>
-multica workspace unwatch <workspace-id>
+multica workspace switch <workspace-id>
+multica workspace switch <slug>
 ```
 
+Verifies you have access to the workspace, then sets it as the default for the current profile. Subsequent commands without `--workspace-id` and `MULTICA_WORKSPACE_ID` target this workspace. Pair `--profile` if you want to change a non-default profile's workspace.
+
 ### Get Details
 
 ```bash
@@ -291,10 +307,12 @@ multica workspace get <workspace-id>
 multica workspace get <workspace-id> --output json
 ```
 
+Passing no `<workspace-id>` resolves to the current default workspace, so `multica workspace get` doubles as "what workspace am I on?".
+
 ### List Members
 
 ```bash
-multica workspace members <workspace-id>
+multica workspace member list <workspace-id>
 ```
 
 ## Issues
@@ -305,10 +323,19 @@ multica workspace members <workspace-id>
 multica issue list
 multica issue list --status in_progress
 multica issue list --priority urgent --assignee "Agent Name"
+multica issue list --assignee-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
+multica issue list --full-id
 multica issue list --limit 20 --output json
 ```
 
-Available filters: `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee`, `--project`, `--limit`.
+Table output shows a routable issue `KEY` such as `MUL-123`; copy that key into follow-up commands like `issue get`, `issue comment list`, `issue status`, or `--parent`. Add `--full-id` when you need canonical UUIDs. Available filters: `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee` / `--assignee-id`, `--project`, `--metadata`, `--limit`. Use `--assignee-id <uuid>` for unambiguous filtering when names overlap.
+
+Use `--metadata key=value` (repeatable; combined with AND) to filter by per-issue metadata. The value is JSON-parsed: `true`/`false` become bool, numbers become numbers, anything else is a string. Wrap as `'"42"'` to force a string when the value would otherwise sniff as a number:
+
+```bash
+multica issue list --metadata pipeline_status=waiting_review
+multica issue list --metadata pr_number=482 --metadata is_blocked=true
+```
 
 ### Get Issue
 
@@ -321,9 +348,10 @@ multica issue get <id> --output json
 
 ```bash
 multica issue create --title "Fix login bug" --description "..." --priority high --assignee "Lambda"
+multica issue create --title "Fix login bug" --assignee-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 ```
 
-Flags: `--title` (required), `--description`, `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee`, `--parent`, `--project`, `--due-date`.
+Flags: `--title` (required), `--description`, `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee` / `--assignee-id`, `--parent`, `--project`, `--due-date`. Pass `--assignee-id <uuid>` (mutually exclusive with `--assignee`) when scripting against the IDs returned by `multica workspace member list --output json` / `multica agent list --output json`.
 
 ### Update Issue
 
@@ -335,9 +363,12 @@ multica issue update <id> --title "New title" --priority urgent
 
 ```bash
 multica issue assign <id> --to "Lambda"
+multica issue assign <id> --to-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 multica issue assign <id> --unassign
 ```
 
+Pass `--to-id <uuid>` to assign by canonical UUID (mutually exclusive with `--to`); useful when names overlap across members and agents.
+
 ### Change Status
 
 ```bash
@@ -349,9 +380,44 @@ Valid statuses: `backlog`, `todo`, `in_progress`, `in_review`, `done`, `blocked`
 ### Comments
 
 ```bash
-# List comments
+# List comments — flat timeline, chronological. Hard cap of 2000 rows; on
+# long-running issues prefer one of the thread-aware reads below to keep
+# context windows tight.
 multica issue comment list <issue-id>
 
+# Single thread (root + every descendant). Anchor may be the root itself
+# or any reply inside the thread — the server walks up to the root.
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --thread <comment-id>
+
+# Single thread, capped to the N most recent replies. The thread root is
+# always included (even with --tail 0), so an agent landing on a long
+# thread keeps the "what is this about" context without dragging hundreds
+# of replies into its prompt.
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --thread <comment-id> --tail 30
+
+# Scroll older replies inside the same thread. --before / --before-id are
+# the reply cursor that the previous response emitted on stderr as
+# `Next reply cursor: --before <ts> --before-id <reply-id>`.
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --thread <comment-id> --tail 30 \
+    --before <ts> --before-id <reply-id>
+
+# Most recently active threads (root + every descendant), grouped by
+# thread. Returns N complete conversational arcs, oldest-active first so
+# the freshest thread sits closest to "now" in an agent prompt.
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --recent 20
+
+# Scroll older threads. Under --recent, --before / --before-id are a
+# THREAD cursor (thread last_activity_at + root id), emitted on stderr as
+# `Next thread cursor: --before <ts> --before-id <root-id>`.
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --recent 20 \
+    --before <ts> --before-id <root-id>
+
+# Incremental polling. Combines with --thread or --recent; filters out
+# replies created on or before <ts> from the page (the thread root is
+# exempt so the agent always gets context).
+multica issue comment list <issue-id> --thread <comment-id> --tail 30 \
+    --since <RFC3339-timestamp>
+
 # Add a comment
 multica issue comment add <issue-id> --content "Looks good, merging now"
 
@@ -362,6 +428,56 @@ multica issue comment add <issue-id> --parent <comment-id> --content "Thanks!"
 multica issue comment delete <comment-id>
 ```
 
+**`--before` / `--before-id` semantics depend on the paging mode**, by
+design — same flag, different scope:
+
+| Mode | What the cursor walks | stderr label |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `--recent N` | Older *threads* (last_activity_at, root_id) | `Next thread cursor` |
+| `--thread <id> --tail N` | Older *replies* inside that thread (created_at, id) | `Next reply cursor` |
+
+Outside those two modes (`--thread` without `--tail`, or no `--thread`
+and no `--recent`) the cursor flags are rejected so they cannot silently
+no-op. The server emits the cursor headers (`X-Multica-Next-Before` /
+`X-Multica-Next-Before-Id`) only when an older page actually exists —
+exact-boundary pages (e.g. `--tail 3` on a thread with exactly 3
+replies) intentionally return no cursor so callers stop paginating.
+
+When `--since` is combined with `--recent` or `--thread --tail`, the
+server additionally suppresses the cursor once the cursor target itself
+is older than `since`. Older pages walk strictly older rows, so they
+cannot satisfy `> since` either — emitting a cursor there would just
+hand back root-only pages until the caller reaches the start of the
+thread / issue. Incremental polling stops at the first page whose
+cursor target falls before the watermark.
+
+### Metadata
+
+Per-issue metadata is a small KV map agents use to track pipeline state (PR number, pipeline status, waiting_on, ...). Keys match `^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]{0,63}$`, values are primitives (string / number / bool), max 50 keys per issue, blob capped at 8KB.
+
+The bar for writing is high: pin a value only when it is materially important to the issue AND likely to be re-read by future runs on this same issue (the PR URL, the deploy URL, what we're blocked on). Most runs write zero new keys — that's the expected case. Don't pin runtime bookkeeping like `attempts`, single-run investigation notes, large logs, secrets/tokens, or description/comment copies — see the agent runtime prompt for the full anti-pattern list.
+
+```bash
+# List every key on an issue
+multica issue metadata list <issue-id>
+
+# Read a single key
+multica issue metadata get <issue-id> --key pipeline_status
+
+# Write a single key — value auto-typed (true/false → bool, numbers → number, else string)
+multica issue metadata set <issue-id> --key pipeline_status --value waiting_review
+multica issue metadata set <issue-id> --key pr_number --value 482
+multica issue metadata set <issue-id> --key is_blocked --value true
+
+# Force a specific type when sniffing would pick the wrong one
+multica issue metadata set <issue-id> --key code --value 42 --type string
+
+# Remove a key
+multica issue metadata delete <issue-id> --key pipeline_status
+```
+
+All writes are single-key atomic — concurrent agents writing different keys do not lose each other's updates. To query, use `multica issue list --metadata key=value` (see *List Issues* above).
+
 ### Subscribers
 
 ```bash
@@ -388,17 +504,19 @@ Subscribers receive notifications about issue activity (new comments, status cha
 ```bash
 # List all execution runs for an issue
 multica issue runs <issue-id>
+multica issue runs <issue-id> --full-id
 multica issue runs <issue-id> --output json
 
 # View messages for a specific execution run
 multica issue run-messages <task-id>
+multica issue run-messages <short-task-id> --issue <issue-id>
 multica issue run-messages <task-id> --output json
 
 # Incremental fetch (only messages after a given sequence number)
 multica issue run-messages <task-id> --since 42 --output json
 ```
 
-The `runs` command shows all past and current executions for an issue, including running tasks. The `run-messages` command shows the detailed message log (tool calls, thinking, text, errors) for a single run. Use `--since` for efficient polling of in-progress runs.
+The `runs` command shows all past and current executions for an issue, including running tasks. Table output uses short task UUID prefixes by default; pass `--full-id` to print canonical task UUIDs. The `run-messages` command accepts full task UUIDs directly; copied short task prefixes must be scoped with `--issue <issue-id>` so the CLI only checks that issue's runs. It shows the detailed message log (tool calls, thinking, text, errors) for a single run. Use `--since` for efficient polling of in-progress runs.
 
 ## Projects
 
@@ -500,6 +618,8 @@ multica config set app_url https://app.example.com
 multica config set workspace_id <workspace-id>
 ```
 
+`config set workspace_id <id>` is the low-level interface — it writes the value verbatim without checking that the workspace exists or that you have access. Prefer `multica workspace switch <id|slug>` for day-to-day workspace changes; it does both checks before saving.
+
 ## Autopilot Commands
 
 Autopilots are scheduled/triggered automations that dispatch agent tasks (either by creating an issue or by running an agent directly).
@@ -508,9 +628,12 @@ Autopilots are scheduled/triggered automations that dispatch agent tasks (either
 
 ```bash
 multica autopilot list
+multica autopilot list --full-id
 multica autopilot list --status active --output json
 ```
 
+Autopilot table IDs are short UUID prefixes; follow-up autopilot commands accept copied prefixes when they are unique in the current workspace. Use `--full-id` to print canonical UUIDs.
+
 ### Get Autopilot Details
 
 ```bash

Dockerfile

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ ARG COMMIT=unknown
 RUN cd server && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w -X main.version=${VERSION} -X main.commit=${COMMIT}" -o bin/server ./cmd/server
 RUN cd server && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w -X main.version=${VERSION} -X main.commit=${COMMIT}" -o bin/multica ./cmd/multica
 RUN cd server && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w" -o bin/migrate ./cmd/migrate
+RUN cd server && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w" -o bin/backfill_task_usage_hourly ./cmd/backfill_task_usage_hourly
 
 # --- Runtime stage ---
 FROM alpine:3.21
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ WORKDIR /app
 COPY --from=builder /src/server/bin/server .
 COPY --from=builder /src/server/bin/multica .
 COPY --from=builder /src/server/bin/migrate .
+COPY --from=builder /src/server/bin/backfill_task_usage_hourly .
 COPY server/migrations/ ./migrations/
 COPY docker/entrypoint.sh .
 RUN sed -i 's/\r$//' entrypoint.sh && chmod +x entrypoint.sh

Dockerfile.web

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ WORKDIR /app
 # Copy workspace config and all package.json files for dependency resolution
 COPY pnpm-lock.yaml pnpm-workspace.yaml package.json turbo.json .npmrc ./
 COPY apps/web/package.json apps/web/
+# postinstall runs fumadocs-mdx which reads apps/web/source.config.ts
+COPY apps/web/source.config.ts apps/web/source.config.ts
 COPY packages/core/package.json packages/core/
 COPY packages/ui/package.json packages/ui/
 COPY packages/views/package.json packages/views/

Makefile

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ POSTGRES_DB ?= multica
 POSTGRES_USER ?= multica
 POSTGRES_PASSWORD ?= multica
 POSTGRES_PORT ?= 5432
-PORT ?= 8080
+PORT := $(or $(BACKEND_PORT),$(API_PORT),$(SERVER_PORT),$(PORT),8080)
 FRONTEND_PORT ?= 3000
 FRONTEND_ORIGIN ?= http://localhost:$(FRONTEND_PORT)
 MULTICA_APP_URL ?= $(FRONTEND_ORIGIN)
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL ?= http://localhost:$(PORT)
 NEXT_PUBLIC_WS_URL ?= ws://localhost:$(PORT)/ws
 GOOGLE_REDIRECT_URI ?= $(FRONTEND_ORIGIN)/auth/callback
 MULTICA_SERVER_URL ?= ws://localhost:$(PORT)/ws
+LOCAL_UPLOAD_BASE_URL ?= http://localhost:$(PORT)
 
 export
 

README.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Turn coding agents into real teammates — assign tasks, track progress, compoun
 [![CI](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/multica-ai/multica?style=flat)](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/stargazers)
 
-[Website](https://multica.ai) · [Cloud](https://multica.ai/app) · [X](https://x.com/MulticaAI) · [Self-Hosting](SELF_HOSTING.md) · [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+[Website](https://multica.ai) · [Cloud](https://multica.ai) · [X](https://x.com/MulticaAI) · [Self-Hosting](SELF_HOSTING.md) · [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)
 
 **English | [简体中文](README.zh-CN.md)**
 
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ Multica turns coding agents into real teammates. Assign issues to an agent like
 
 No more copy-pasting prompts. No more babysitting runs. Your agents show up on the board, participate in conversations, and compound reusable skills over time. Think of it as open-source infrastructure for managed agents — vendor-neutral, self-hosted, and designed for human + AI teams. Works with **Claude Code**, **Codex**, **GitHub Copilot CLI**, **OpenClaw**, **OpenCode**, **Hermes**, **Gemini**, **Pi**, **Cursor Agent**, **Kimi**, and **Kiro CLI**.
 
+For larger teams, Squads add a stable routing layer: assign work to a group led by an agent, and the leader delegates to the right member.
+
 <p align="center">
   <img src="docs/assets/hero-screenshot.png" alt="Multica board view" width="800">
 </p>
@@ -53,7 +55,9 @@ Like Multics before it, the bet is on multiplexing: a small team shouldn't feel
 Multica manages the full agent lifecycle: from task assignment to execution monitoring to skill reuse.
 
 - **Agents as Teammates** — assign to an agent like you'd assign to a colleague. They have profiles, show up on the board, post comments, create issues, and report blockers proactively.
+- **Squads** — group agents (and humans) under a leader agent and assign work to the *squad*. The leader decides who should pick it up, so routing stays stable as the team grows. `@FrontendTeam` instead of `@alice-or-bob-or-carol`.
 - **Autonomous Execution** — set it and forget it. Full task lifecycle management (enqueue, claim, start, complete/fail) with real-time progress streaming via WebSocket.
+- **Autopilots** — schedule recurring work for agents. Cron triggers, webhooks, or manual runs — each autopilot creates the issue and routes it to an agent automatically, so daily standups, weekly reports, and periodic audits run themselves.
 - **Reusable Skills** — every solution becomes a reusable skill for the whole team. Deployments, migrations, code reviews — skills compound your team's capabilities over time.
 - **Unified Runtimes** — one dashboard for all your compute. Local daemons and cloud runtimes, auto-detection of available CLIs, real-time monitoring.
 - **Multi-Workspace** — organize work across teams with workspace-level isolation. Each workspace has its own agents, issues, and settings.
@@ -128,21 +132,6 @@ Create an issue from the board (or via `multica issue create`), then assign it t
 
 ---
 
-## Multica vs Paperclip
-
-| | Multica | Paperclip |
-|---|---------|-----------|
-| **Focus** | Team AI agent collaboration platform | Solo AI agent company simulator |
-| **User model** | Multi-user teams with roles & permissions | Single board operator |
-| **Agent interaction** | Issues + Chat conversations | Issues + Heartbeat |
-| **Deployment** | Cloud-first | Local-first |
-| **Management depth** | Lightweight (Issues / Projects / Labels) | Heavy governance (Org chart / Approvals / Budgets) |
-| **Extensibility** | Skills system | Skills + Plugin system |
-
-**TL;DR — Multica is built for teams that want to collaborate with AI agents on real projects together.**
-
----
-
 ## CLI
 
 The `multica` CLI connects your local machine to Multica — authenticate, manage workspaces, and run the agent daemon.
@@ -154,6 +143,8 @@ The `multica` CLI connects your local machine to Multica — authenticate, manag
 | `multica daemon status` | Check daemon status |
 | `multica setup` | One-command setup for Multica Cloud (configure + login + start daemon) |
 | `multica setup self-host` | Same, but for self-hosted deployments |
+| `multica workspace list` | List your workspaces (current is marked with `*`) |
+| `multica workspace switch <id\|slug>` | Switch the default workspace for this profile |
 | `multica issue list` | List issues in your workspace |
 | `multica issue create` | Create a new issue |
 | `multica update` | Update to the latest version |
@@ -197,3 +188,5 @@ make dev
 `make dev` auto-detects your environment (main checkout or worktree), creates the env file, installs dependencies, sets up the database, runs migrations, and starts all services.
 
 See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for the full development workflow, worktree support, testing, and troubleshooting.
+
+An iOS mobile client lives in [`apps/mobile/`](apps/mobile/) — see its [README](apps/mobile/README.md) for how to build it onto your own iPhone.

README.zh-CN.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 [![CI](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/multica-ai/multica?style=flat)](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/stargazers)
 
-[官网](https://multica.ai) · [云服务](https://multica.ai/app) · [X](https://x.com/MulticaAI) · [自部署指南](SELF_HOSTING.md) · [参与贡献](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+[官网](https://multica.ai) · [云服务](https://multica.ai) · [X](https://x.com/MulticaAI) · [自部署指南](SELF_HOSTING.md) · [参与贡献](CONTRIBUTING.md)
 
 **[English](README.md) | 简体中文**
 
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ Multica 将编码 Agent 变成真正的队友。像分配给同事一样分配
 
 不再需要复制粘贴 prompt，不再需要盯着运行过程。你的 Agent 出现在看板上、参与对话、随着时间积累可复用的技能。可以理解为开源的 Managed Agents 基础设施——厂商中立、可自部署、专为人类 + AI 团队设计。支持 **Claude Code**、**Codex**、**GitHub Copilot CLI**、**OpenClaw**、**OpenCode**、**Hermes**、**Gemini**、**Pi**、**Cursor Agent**、**Kimi** 和 **Kiro CLI**。
 
+面向更大的团队，Squads（小队）提供稳定的路由层：把任务分给由 Agent 带队的小队，由队长判断谁最适合接手。
+
 <p align="center">
   <img src="docs/assets/hero-screenshot.png" alt="Multica 看板视图" width="800">
 </p>
@@ -53,7 +55,9 @@ Multica——**Mul**tiplexed **I**nformation and **C**omputing **A**gent。
 Multica 管理完整的 Agent 生命周期：从任务分配到执行监控再到技能复用。
 
 - **Agent 即队友** — 像分配给同事一样分配给 Agent。它们有个人档案、出现在看板上、发表评论、创建 Issue、主动报告阻塞问题。
+- **Squads（小队）** — 把多个 Agent（以及人类成员）组合成由 leader agent 带队的小队，直接把任务分配给小队本身。Leader 会判断谁最适合接手，团队扩容时路由方式保持不变。用 `@前端组` 代替 `@小张或小李或小王`。
 - **自主执行** — 设置后无需管理。完整的任务生命周期管理（排队、认领、执行、完成/失败），通过 WebSocket 实时推送进度。
+- **自动化（Autopilots）** — 为 Agent 安排周期性工作。定时（Cron）、Webhook 或手动触发，自动化会自动创建 Issue 并分配给 Agent——日报、周报、定期巡检都能让它自己跑起来。
 - **可复用技能** — 每个解决方案都成为全团队可复用的技能。部署、数据库迁移、代码审查——技能让团队能力随时间持续增长。
 - **统一运行时** — 一个控制台管理所有算力。本地 daemon 和云端运行时，自动检测可用 CLI，实时监控。
 - **多工作区** — 按团队组织工作，工作区级别隔离。每个工作区有独立的 Agent、Issue 和设置。
@@ -131,19 +135,6 @@ daemon 在后台运行，保持你的机器与 Multica 的连接。它会自动
 
 ---
 
-## Multica vs Paperclip
-
-| | Multica | Paperclip |
-|---|---------|-----------|
-| **定位** | 团队 AI Agent 协作平台 | 个人 AI Agent 公司模拟器 |
-| **用户模型** | 多人团队，角色权限 | 单人 Board Operator |
-| **Agent 交互** | Issue + Chat 对话 | Issue + Heartbeat |
-| **部署** | 云端优先 | 本地优先 |
-| **管理深度** | 轻量（Issue / Project / Labels） | 重度（组织架构 / 审批 / 预算） |
-| **扩展** | Skills 系统 | Skills + 插件系统 |
-
-**简单来说：Multica 专为团队协作打造，让团队和 AI Agent 一起高效完成项目。**
-
 ## 架构
 
 ```
@@ -181,6 +172,8 @@ make start
 
 完整的开发流程、worktree 支持、测试和问题排查请参阅 [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)。
 
+iOS 移动端代码位于 [`apps/mobile/`](apps/mobile/)，自己编译装到手机的方法见 [README](apps/mobile/README.md)。
+
 ## 开源协议
 
-[Apache 2.0](LICENSE)
+[Modified Apache 2.0 (with commercial restrictions)](LICENSE)

SELF_HOSTING.md

@@ -135,6 +135,234 @@ multica daemon status
 3. Go to **Settings → Agents** and create a new agent
 4. Create an issue and assign it to your agent — it will pick up the task automatically
 
+---
+
+## Kubernetes Deployment (Alternative)
+
+If you already run a Kubernetes cluster, you can deploy Multica there instead of Docker Compose using the Helm chart at [`deploy/helm/multica/`](deploy/helm/multica/). It targets a typical k3s / k8s setup with an Ingress controller and a default `ReadWriteOnce` StorageClass — authored against k3s + Traefik + `local-path`, and should work on any cluster with minor tweaks.
+
+The chart creates the following resources in the target namespace:
+
+- `multica-postgres` — `pgvector/pgvector:pg17` backed by a 10Gi PVC
+- `multica-backend` — Go API/WS server backed by a 5Gi uploads PVC
+- `multica-frontend` — Next.js standalone server
+- Two `Ingress` resources: one for the web host, one for the backend host
+- `multica-config` ConfigMap (rendered from `values.yaml`)
+
+The `multica-secrets` Secret is **not** managed by the chart — you create it once with `kubectl` so real values never need to land in git.
+
+> **One release per namespace:** the prebuilt `multica-web` image bakes `REMOTE_API_URL=http://backend:8080` at build time, so the chart ships an ExternalName Service literally named `backend`. Because that name is unprefixed, you can run only one Multica release per namespace, and `helm install` will fail if a `Service/backend` already exists there (pass `--take-ownership`, or use a dedicated namespace). If you build a web image with a patched `REMOTE_API_URL`, set `frontend.compatibility.backendAlias: false` to drop the alias.
+
+> **Prerequisites:** `kubectl` and `helm` (v3.13+ for `--take-ownership`, or v4+) configured for the target cluster, an Ingress controller (Traefik / NGINX), and a default StorageClass.
+
+### Step 1 — Point hostnames at the cluster
+
+The chart defaults to `multica.dev.lan` (web) and `api.multica.dev.lan` (backend). Pick one of:
+
+- **`/etc/hosts`** on every machine that needs access (developer laptops + the machine running the daemon):
+
+  ```text
+  192.168.1.206  multica.dev.lan api.multica.dev.lan
+  ```
+
+  Replace `192.168.1.206` with any node IP where your Ingress controller's Service is reachable.
+
+- **Local DNS** (Pi-hole, Unbound, etc.): add A records for both hostnames pointing at the cluster Ingress IP.
+
+To use different hostnames, override the matching values at install time (see [Step 4](#step-4--install-the-chart)) — `ingress.frontend.host`, `ingress.backend.host`, plus `backend.config.appUrl`, `backend.config.frontendOrigin`, `backend.config.localUploadBaseUrl`, and `backend.config.googleRedirectUri`.
+
+### Step 2 — Create the namespace
+
+```bash
+kubectl create namespace multica
+```
+
+### Step 3 — Create the `multica-secrets` Secret
+
+The chart references this Secret by name. Create it once with random values:
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n multica create secret generic multica-secrets \
+  --from-literal=JWT_SECRET="$(openssl rand -hex 32)" \
+  --from-literal=POSTGRES_PASSWORD="$(openssl rand -hex 16)" \
+  --from-literal=RESEND_API_KEY="" \
+  --from-literal=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET="" \
+  --from-literal=CLOUDFRONT_PRIVATE_KEY="" \
+  --from-literal=MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE=""
+```
+
+Leave optional values empty for now — you can fill them in later (see [Step 5 — Log In](#step-5--log-in)).
+
+### Step 4 — Install the chart
+
+```bash
+helm install multica deploy/helm/multica -n multica
+```
+
+To override defaults, copy `deploy/helm/multica/values.yaml`, edit it, and pass it with `-f`:
+
+```bash
+cp deploy/helm/multica/values.yaml my-values.yaml
+# edit my-values.yaml — e.g. change ingress hosts, image tags, resource limits
+helm install multica deploy/helm/multica -n multica -f my-values.yaml
+```
+
+Watch the pods come up:
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n multica get pods -w
+```
+
+On a cold cluster the backend can sit `Running` but not `Ready` for a few minutes while it waits on PostgreSQL and runs migrations — a startupProbe absorbs this, so the pod should not restart. Once the backend reports `Ready`, migrations have completed and `/healthz` returns OK:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Host: api.multica.dev.lan" http://<ingress-ip>/healthz
+# {"status":"ok","checks":{"db":"ok","migrations":"ok"}}
+```
+
+Then open http://multica.dev.lan in your browser.
+
+### Step 5 — Log In
+
+The chart defaults to `APP_ENV=production` (set in `values.yaml` under `backend.config.appEnv`), and there is no fixed verification code by default. Pick one of the following to log in — the same three options as the Docker setup:
+
+- **Recommended (production):** patch the Secret with a real Resend key, then restart the backend:
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl -n multica patch secret multica-secrets --type=merge \
+    -p '{"stringData":{"RESEND_API_KEY":"re_xxx"}}'
+  kubectl -n multica rollout restart deploy/multica-backend
+  ```
+
+  Real verification codes will be sent to the email address you enter. See [Advanced Configuration → Email](SELF_HOSTING_ADVANCED.md#email-required-for-authentication).
+
+- **Without email configured:** the verification code is generated server-side and printed to the backend pod logs (look for `[DEV] Verification code for ...:`). Useful for one-off testing.
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl -n multica logs -f deploy/multica-backend | grep "Verification code"
+  ```
+
+- **Deterministic local/private testing:** set `backend.config.appEnv: development` in your values file and `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE=888888` in the Secret, then `helm upgrade` and restart. This fixed code is ignored when `APP_ENV=production`.
+
+  ```bash
+  helm upgrade multica deploy/helm/multica -n multica \
+    -f my-values.yaml --set backend.config.appEnv=development
+  kubectl -n multica patch secret multica-secrets --type=merge \
+    -p '{"stringData":{"MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE":"888888"}}'
+  kubectl -n multica rollout restart deploy/multica-backend
+  ```
+
+`ALLOW_SIGNUP` and `GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID` likewise live under `backend.config.*` in `values.yaml`. After `helm upgrade`, the backend pod will roll automatically because the ConfigMap hash changes; the web UI reads both from `/api/config` at runtime, so no web rebuild is needed.
+
+> **Warning:** do **not** set `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` on a publicly reachable instance — anyone who knows an email address can then log in with that fixed code.
+
+### Step 6 — Install CLI & Start Daemon
+
+The daemon runs on your local machine, not in the cluster. Install the CLI and an AI agent as in [Step 3](#step-3--install-cli--start-daemon) above, then point the CLI at your Ingress hostnames:
+
+```bash
+multica setup self-host \
+  --server-url http://api.multica.dev.lan \
+  --app-url http://multica.dev.lan
+```
+
+Make sure the machine running the daemon has the same `/etc/hosts` (or DNS) entries from [Step 1](#step-1--point-hostnames-at-the-cluster).
+
+### Updating
+
+To pull the latest images without changing the chart version:
+
+```bash
+kubectl -n multica rollout restart deploy/multica-backend deploy/multica-frontend
+```
+
+To pin a specific Multica release, set the image tags in your values file:
+
+```yaml
+images:
+  backend:
+    tag: v0.2.4
+  frontend:
+    tag: v0.2.4
+```
+
+Then upgrade:
+
+```bash
+helm upgrade multica deploy/helm/multica -n multica -f my-values.yaml
+```
+
+To roll back if an upgrade goes sideways:
+
+```bash
+helm -n multica rollback multica
+```
+
+> **Upgrading from `v0.3.4` to `v0.3.5+` fails with `refusing to drop legacy daily rollups: ...`?** Same migration guard as the Docker path — see [Usage Dashboard Rollup → Option C](#option-c--backfill-history-first-then-schedule). Run the backfill against the same database the chart is using (`kubectl -n multica exec deploy/multica-backend -- ./backfill_task_usage_hourly --sleep-between-slices=2s`), then restart the backend deployment to re-apply migrations.
+
+### Tearing down
+
+```bash
+# Remove the workloads but keep the PVCs and the Secret
+helm -n multica uninstall multica
+
+# Wipe everything, including PostgreSQL data and uploads
+kubectl delete namespace multica
+```
+
+---
+
+## Usage Dashboard Rollup (Required)
+
+Starting with `v0.3.5`, the Usage / Runtime dashboards read from a derived `task_usage_hourly` table rather than directly from `task_usage`. Raw `task_usage` rows are written by the backend on every task, but the dashboard only sees data after `rollup_task_usage_hourly()` runs and aggregates them into `task_usage_hourly`.
+
+**The bundled `pgvector/pgvector:pg17` image does NOT include `pg_cron`.** If nothing schedules the rollup, the dashboard will stay at zero forever even though `task_usage` is populated. You have three supported options — pick one before relying on the dashboard.
+
+> **Upgrading from `v0.3.4` to `v0.3.5+`** with existing `task_usage` history: migration `103` is fail-closed and will abort `migrate up` with `refusing to drop legacy daily rollups: …`. Run `backfill_task_usage_hourly` first (Option C below), then re-run the upgrade. **Fresh installs** are exempted by that guard and migrate cleanly — but the dashboard will still stay at zero until you pick Option A or Option B.
+
+### Option A — External cron / systemd-timer (simplest)
+
+Schedule a 5-minute job that calls `rollup_task_usage_hourly()`. It is idempotent and watermark-driven, so a missed tick catches up on the next run.
+
+```bash
+# /etc/cron.d/multica-rollup — every 5 minutes
+*/5 * * * * root docker compose -f /path/to/multica/docker-compose.selfhost.yml \
+  exec -T postgres psql -U multica -d multica \
+  -c "SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly();" >/dev/null
+```
+
+Or as a systemd timer + service if you prefer that surface. The function returns the number of (upserted + deleted-empty) rows; it's safe to call concurrently with itself (an advisory lock makes overlapping runs no-op) and safe to call alongside `backfill_task_usage_hourly`.
+
+### Option B — Swap Postgres for an image that ships `pg_cron`
+
+If you'd rather have Postgres schedule itself, replace `pgvector/pgvector:pg17` in `docker-compose.selfhost.yml` with an image that bundles both `pgvector` and `pg_cron` (e.g. `supabase/postgres`, or your own build of `pgvector/pgvector` with `pg_cron` added and `shared_preload_libraries=pg_cron` set on the server). Then, once:
+
+```sql
+CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_cron;
+SELECT cron.schedule(
+  'rollup_task_usage_hourly',
+  '*/5 * * * *',
+  $$SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly()$$
+);
+```
+
+`shared_preload_libraries` requires a Postgres restart to take effect — set it in `postgresql.conf` (or via the image's documented mechanism) before bringing the container up.
+
+### Option C — Backfill history first, then schedule
+
+If you're upgrading from `v0.3.4 → v0.3.5+` and already have `task_usage` rows (or you just want the dashboard to show historical data on a fresh install that you've been running for a while), run the bundled backfill command once before scheduling the rollup:
+
+```bash
+# Backfills task_usage_hourly from all historical task_usage rows and stamps
+# the rollup watermark. Idempotent — safe to re-run.
+docker compose -f docker-compose.selfhost.yml exec backend \
+  ./backfill_task_usage_hourly --sleep-between-slices=2s
+```
+
+On a database with years of data this can scan tens of millions of rows; `--sleep-between-slices=2s` throttles the read pressure. Use `--months-back N` (plus `--force-partial`) if you only want the last N months. Once it finishes, set up Option A or Option B so new buckets keep flowing.
+
+After upgrading, re-run `migrate up` (or restart the backend container — migrations run automatically on startup) to apply migration `103` cleanly.
+
 ## Stopping Services
 
 If you installed via the install script:
@@ -175,6 +403,8 @@ docker compose -f docker-compose.selfhost.yml up -d
 Pin `MULTICA_IMAGE_TAG` in `.env` to an exact version like `v0.2.4` if you want to stay on a specific release. Migrations run automatically on backend startup.
 If the selected GHCR tag has not been published yet, fall back to `make selfhost-build` or `docker compose -f docker-compose.selfhost.yml -f docker-compose.selfhost.build.yml up -d --build`.
 
+> **Upgrading from `v0.3.4` to `v0.3.5+` fails with `refusing to drop legacy daily rollups: ...`?** That's migration `103`'s fail-closed guard: it requires `task_usage_hourly` to be seeded before the legacy daily rollups are dropped. Run `backfill_task_usage_hourly` first, then re-run the upgrade. Full instructions in [Usage Dashboard Rollup → Option C](#option-c--backfill-history-first-then-schedule).
+
 ---
 
 ## Manual Docker Compose Setup

SELF_HOSTING_ADVANCED.md

@@ -25,14 +25,30 @@ These have sensible defaults and only need to be set when tuning a large or cons
 
 ### Email (Required for Authentication)
 
-Multica uses email-based magic link authentication via [Resend](https://resend.com).
+Multica supports two email backends. `SMTP_HOST` takes priority when set; otherwise `RESEND_API_KEY` is used. With neither configured, verification codes are printed to the server log — copy them from there to log in.
+
+#### Option A: Resend (recommended for cloud deployments)
 
 | Variable | Description |
 |----------|-------------|
 | `RESEND_API_KEY` | Your Resend API key |
 | `RESEND_FROM_EMAIL` | Sender email address (default: `noreply@multica.ai`) |
 
-> **Note:** If Resend is not configured, generated verification codes are printed to backend logs. A fixed local testing code is disabled by default; to opt in on a private test instance, set `APP_ENV=development` and `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` to a 6-digit value. It is ignored when `APP_ENV=production`.
+#### Option B: SMTP relay (for self-hosted / on-premise deployments)
+
+Use this option when your deployment cannot reach the public internet or you already have an internal mail relay (e.g. Exchange, Postfix, SendGrid on-prem).
+
+| Variable | Description | Default |
+|----------|-------------|----------|
+| `SMTP_HOST` | SMTP relay hostname (setting this activates SMTP mode) | - |
+| `SMTP_PORT` | SMTP port | `25` |
+| `SMTP_USERNAME` | SMTP username (leave empty for unauthenticated relay) | - |
+| `SMTP_PASSWORD` | SMTP password | - |
+| `SMTP_TLS_INSECURE` | Set `true` to skip TLS certificate verification (self-signed / private CA certs) | `false` |
+
+STARTTLS is used automatically when advertised by the server. Port 465 (SMTPS / implicit TLS) is not currently supported - use ports 25 or 587 with STARTTLS.
+
+> **Note:** If neither Resend nor SMTP is configured, generated verification codes are printed to backend logs — copy them from there to log in. A fixed local testing code (e.g. `888888`) is **opt-in only**: set `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE=888888` in `.env` and keep `APP_ENV` non-production. The Docker self-host stack pins `APP_ENV=production`, so the shortcut is ignored there. **Never enable a fixed code on a publicly reachable instance.**
 
 ### Google OAuth (Optional)
 
@@ -56,13 +72,15 @@ Changes take effect after restarting the backend / compose stack. The web UI rea
 
 ### File Storage (Optional)
 
-For file uploads and attachments, configure S3 and CloudFront:
+For file uploads and attachments, configure S3 and (optionally) CloudFront:
 
 | Variable | Description |
 |----------|-------------|
-| `S3_BUCKET` | S3 bucket name |
-| `S3_REGION` | AWS region (default: `us-west-2`) |
-| `CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN` | CloudFront distribution domain |
+| `S3_BUCKET` | Bucket name only (e.g. `my-bucket`). Do **not** include the `.s3.<region>.amazonaws.com` suffix — the server constructs the public URL from `S3_BUCKET` + `S3_REGION` |
+| `S3_REGION` | AWS region (default: `us-west-2`). Must match the bucket's actual region — used for both SDK signing and public URLs |
+| `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` / `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` | Static credentials. When both are unset, the AWS SDK default credential chain is used |
+| `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` | Custom S3-compatible endpoint (e.g. MinIO, R2, B2). Setting this switches to path-style URLs |
+| `CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN` | CloudFront distribution domain — when set, public URLs use this host instead of the S3 host |
 | `CLOUDFRONT_KEY_PAIR_ID` | CloudFront key pair ID for signed URLs |
 | `CLOUDFRONT_PRIVATE_KEY` | CloudFront private key (PEM format) |
 
@@ -148,6 +166,111 @@ The Docker Compose setup runs migrations automatically. If you need to run them
 cd server && go run ./cmd/migrate up
 ```
 
+## Usage Dashboard Rollup
+
+The Usage and Runtime dashboards read from `task_usage_hourly`, a derived table populated by `rollup_task_usage_hourly()`. The function is **not** scheduled out of the box on the default self-host stack: the bundled `pgvector/pgvector:pg17` image ships without `pg_cron`, and the backend does not run the rollup in-process either. Until something calls it on a schedule, raw `task_usage` rows will keep arriving while the dashboard stays at zero.
+
+Pick one of the supported paths:
+
+### Option A — External cron / systemd-timer
+
+The simplest path. Schedule `SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly()` every five minutes from any out-of-band timer (host crontab, systemd timer, sidecar container, Kubernetes CronJob). It is idempotent and watermark-driven — overlapping runs are no-ops on an internal advisory lock, and a missed tick catches up on the next run.
+
+Docker Compose:
+
+```bash
+# /etc/cron.d/multica-rollup
+*/5 * * * * root docker compose -f /path/to/multica/docker-compose.selfhost.yml \
+  exec -T postgres psql -U multica -d multica \
+  -c "SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly();" >/dev/null
+```
+
+Kubernetes (one-off `CronJob`):
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: batch/v1
+kind: CronJob
+metadata:
+  name: multica-usage-rollup
+spec:
+  schedule: "*/5 * * * *"
+  concurrencyPolicy: Forbid
+  jobTemplate:
+    spec:
+      template:
+        spec:
+          restartPolicy: OnFailure
+          containers:
+            - name: psql
+              image: postgres:17-alpine
+              command:
+                - psql
+                - "$(DATABASE_URL)"
+                - -c
+                - "SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly();"
+              env:
+                - name: DATABASE_URL
+                  valueFrom:
+                    secretKeyRef:
+                      name: multica-secrets
+                      key: DATABASE_URL
+```
+
+### Option B — Postgres with `pg_cron`
+
+If you'd rather have Postgres schedule itself, swap the bundled image for one that ships both `pgvector` and `pg_cron` (e.g. `supabase/postgres`, or a custom build of `pgvector/pgvector` with `pg_cron` added). `pg_cron` requires `shared_preload_libraries=pg_cron` in `postgresql.conf`, which only takes effect on Postgres restart — set it before bringing the container up.
+
+Then register the job once:
+
+```sql
+CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_cron;
+SELECT cron.schedule(
+  'rollup_task_usage_hourly',
+  '*/5 * * * *',
+  $$SELECT rollup_task_usage_hourly()$$
+);
+```
+
+`pg_cron.database_name` defaults to `postgres`; if your Multica database has a different name, point `pg_cron` at it via that GUC or run `cron.schedule_in_database(...)` instead.
+
+### Option C — Backfill historical data first
+
+`rollup_task_usage_hourly()` only processes new buckets after it starts running. If you already have `task_usage` rows from before the rollup was scheduled — most commonly when upgrading from `v0.3.4` to `v0.3.5+`, or on a fresh install that has been collecting usage for a while — run `backfill_task_usage_hourly` once to seed historical buckets, then set up Option A or Option B for ongoing rollups.
+
+```bash
+# Docker Compose
+docker compose -f docker-compose.selfhost.yml exec backend \
+  ./backfill_task_usage_hourly --sleep-between-slices=2s
+
+# Kubernetes
+kubectl -n multica exec deploy/multica-backend -- \
+  ./backfill_task_usage_hourly --sleep-between-slices=2s
+```
+
+The command walks `task_usage`'s full time range in monthly slices and calls the same idempotent primitive the cron path uses, so it's safe to re-run, to interrupt with Ctrl-C, and to run concurrently with an already-scheduled rollup. Flags:
+
+| Flag | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `--sleep-between-slices` | Pause between monthly slices to throttle read pressure on busy databases (e.g. `2s`). Recommended on production DBs with years of history. |
+| `--months-back N` | Only backfill the last N months. **Requires `--force-partial`** because the watermark still advances past the skipped older buckets — those are permanently abandoned. |
+| `--dry-run` | Log slices that would be processed without writing anything. |
+
+After backfill completes, the rollup-state watermark is stamped to `now() - 5 minutes`, so the first scheduled tick after backfill does not redo history.
+
+### `v0.3.4 → v0.3.5+` upgrade order
+
+Migration `103` adds a fail-closed guard that refuses to drop the legacy daily rollups until `task_usage_hourly` has caught up. If you run `migrate up` straight through on a database with existing `task_usage` rows, it aborts with:
+
+```text
+ERROR: refusing to drop legacy daily rollups:
+  task_usage_hourly_rollup_state.watermark_at (1970-01-01 ...) trails
+  task_usage latest event (...) by more than 01:00:00 — backfill is
+  incomplete or pg_cron is not running. Run cmd/backfill_task_usage_hourly
+  (and let pg_cron catch up) before re-running migrate
+```
+
+Recovery is straightforward: run `backfill_task_usage_hourly` (Option C above), then re-run `migrate up` (or restart the backend container — migrations run automatically on startup). **Fresh installs are exempt** — the guard short-circuits when `task_usage` is empty, and migrations succeed, but the dashboard will still stay at zero until you set up Option A or Option B.
+
 ## Manual Setup (Without Docker Compose)
 
 If you prefer to build and run services manually:
@@ -184,16 +307,47 @@ In production, put a reverse proxy in front of both the backend and frontend to
 
 ### Caddy (Recommended)
 
+**Single-domain layout** — frontend and backend served on the same hostname (this is what `docker-compose.selfhost.yml` defaults to):
+
+```
+multica.example.com {
+    # WebSocket route — must come before the catch-all
+    @multica_ws path /ws /ws/*
+    handle @multica_ws {
+        reverse_proxy localhost:8080 {
+            flush_interval -1
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Everything else → frontend
+    reverse_proxy localhost:3000
+}
+```
+
+**Separate-domain layout** — frontend and backend on different hostnames:
+
 ```
 app.example.com {
     reverse_proxy localhost:3000
 }
 
 api.example.com {
+    @multica_ws path /ws /ws/*
+    handle @multica_ws {
+        reverse_proxy localhost:8080 {
+            flush_interval -1
+        }
+    }
+
     reverse_proxy localhost:8080
 }
 ```
 
+Two non-obvious bits inside the `/ws` block are worth calling out — both are common reasons real-time updates "stop working" on a Caddy-fronted self-host:
+
+- **`path /ws /ws/*` (not `/ws*`)** — bare `handle /ws` is an exact match, so future path variants under `/ws/` fall through to the frontend block. The obvious shortcut `handle /ws*` overcorrects in the other direction: Caddy's `*` is a glob without a path-segment boundary, so it would also catch unrelated paths like `/ws-foo`, which is a legitimate workspace URL (only the exact slug `ws` is reserved). Listing `/ws` and `/ws/*` explicitly covers both real cases without overreach.
+- **`flush_interval -1`** — disables response buffering so WebSocket frames are forwarded as soon as they arrive. Without it, frames can sit behind Caddy's default flush window, which looks like delayed comments, missing typing indicators, or "comments only appear after a page refresh."
+
 ### Nginx
 
 ```nginx

apps/desktop/.env.production

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Production environment for `pnpm package` / `pnpm build`.
-# electron-vite (Vite under the hood) reads this automatically in
-# production mode and inlines the values into the renderer bundle via
-# import.meta.env.VITE_*. These are public URLs, not secrets.
-
-# Backend API + websocket the desktop app talks to.
-VITE_API_URL=https://api.multica.ai
-VITE_WS_URL=wss://api.multica.ai/ws
-
-# Public web app URL — used to build shareable links like "Copy link to
-# issue" that users paste into Slack / messages. See platform/navigation.tsx.
-VITE_APP_URL=https://multica.ai

apps/desktop/electron-builder.yml

@@ -32,6 +32,45 @@ mac:
 dmg:
   artifactName: multica-desktop-${version}-mac-${arch}.${ext}
 linux:
+  # Override the Linux executable name to avoid leaking the scoped npm
+  # package name (`@multica/desktop`) into the installed binary, the
+  # `.desktop` file, and the hicolor icon filename. Without this override
+  # electron-builder defaults `executableName` to the package `name`,
+  # which after slash-stripping becomes `@multicadesktop` — producing
+  # `/usr/share/applications/@multicadesktop.desktop`,
+  # `Icon=@multicadesktop`, and
+  # `/usr/share/icons/hicolor/*/apps/@multicadesktop.png`. The leading `@`
+  # violates the freedesktop desktop-entry naming guidance, so GNOME /
+  # Ubuntu fail to associate the running window with the `.desktop` entry
+  # and fall back to the theme's default app icon (the Settings gear on
+  # Yaru). Forcing `multica` makes every Linux identity slot agree and
+  # matches `StartupWMClass=Multica` (productName-derived).
+  executableName: multica
+  # Pin StartupWMClass to the WM_CLASS Electron emits on X11. Electron
+  # derives WM_CLASS from `app.getName()`, which reads the *packaged*
+  # ASAR's `package.json` — `productName` if present, otherwise `name`.
+  # PR #2437 assumed electron-builder.yml's productName fed app.getName()
+  # directly; it does not. With our source package.json carrying only
+  # `name: "@multica/desktop"`, packaged Electron emitted
+  # `WM_CLASS=@multica/desktop`, which broke association with this entry
+  # and reproduced #2515 on Ubuntu 0.2.31. The fix lives in two places
+  # outside this file — `productName: "Multica"` on the source
+  # package.json (so the ASAR carries it) and `app.setName("Multica")`
+  # in the production branch of `src/main/index.ts` (belt-and-braces).
+  # Keep `StartupWMClass: Multica` pinned here so any future drift in
+  # those two anchors shows up as a diff against this declaration.
+  # Verification on a real Ubuntu install: `xprop WM_CLASS` on a running
+  # window prints `Multica` for both fields.
+  desktop:
+    entry:
+      StartupWMClass: Multica
+  # Point at pre-rendered hicolor sizes. electron-builder *can* generate
+  # 16/24/32/48/64/128/256/512 from a single build/icon.png, but the
+  # auto-generation silently shipped only the 1024×1024 source in our
+  # v0.2.31 .deb (#2515 reproduces this) — leaving GNOME's hicolor lookup
+  # with no usable size and falling back to the theme default. Shipping
+  # the sizes from source removes the toolchain dependency entirely.
+  icon: build/icons
   target:
     - AppImage
     - deb

apps/desktop/electron.vite.config.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
       alias: {
         "@": resolve("src/renderer/src"),
       },
-      dedupe: ["react", "react-dom"],
+      dedupe: ["react", "react-dom", "@tanstack/react-query"],
     },
   },
 });

apps/desktop/eslint.config.mjs

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ export default [
       globals: { ...globals.node },
     },
   },
-  // Security: every renderer-controlled URL that reaches the OS shell must
-  // flow through openExternalSafely in src/main/external-url.ts (scheme
-  // allowlist). Enforce it statically so a direct shell.openExternal call
-  // cannot silently regress the protection.
+  // Security: every renderer-controlled URL that reaches the OS shell or the
+  // native download system must flow through the safe wrappers in
+  // src/main/external-url.ts (scheme allowlist). Enforce it statically so
+  // direct shell.openExternal / webContents.downloadURL calls cannot silently
+  // regress the protection.
   {
     files: ["src/main/**/*.ts"],
     rules: {
@@ -25,6 +26,12 @@ export default [
           message:
             "Do not call shell.openExternal directly. Use openExternalSafely from './external-url' so the http/https allowlist stays enforced.",
         },
+        {
+          selector:
+            "CallExpression[callee.object.property.name='webContents'][callee.property.name='downloadURL']",
+          message:
+            "Do not call webContents.downloadURL directly. Use downloadURLSafely from './external-url' so the http/https allowlist stays enforced.",
+        },
       ],
     },
   },

apps/desktop/package.json

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@multica/desktop",
+  "productName": "Multica",
   "version": "0.1.0",
   "private": true,
   "description": "Multica Desktop — native desktop client for the Multica platform.",
@@ -44,15 +45,21 @@
     "@multica/core": "workspace:*",
     "@multica/ui": "workspace:*",
     "@multica/views": "workspace:*",
+    "@tanstack/react-query": "catalog:",
     "electron-updater": "^6.8.3",
     "fix-path": "^5.0.0",
+    "lucide-react": "catalog:",
+    "react": "catalog:",
+    "react-dom": "catalog:",
     "react-router-dom": "^7.6.0",
     "shadcn": "^4.1.0",
     "sonner": "^2.0.7",
-    "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0"
+    "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
+    "zustand": "catalog:"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@electron-toolkit/tsconfig": "^2.0.0",
+    "@multica/eslint-config": "workspace:*",
     "@multica/tsconfig": "workspace:*",
     "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4",
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "catalog:",
@@ -64,9 +71,8 @@
     "electron": "^39.2.6",
     "electron-builder": "^26.0.12",
     "electron-vite": "^5.0.0",
+    "globals": "^16.0.0",
     "jsdom": "catalog:",
-    "react": "catalog:",
-    "react-dom": "catalog:",
     "tailwindcss": "^4",
     "typescript": "catalog:",
     "vitest": "catalog:"

apps/desktop/src/main/external-url.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { shell } from "electron";
+import { shell, type BrowserWindow } from "electron";
 
 // True when the URL parses and uses http/https — the only schemes we let
 // reach `shell.openExternal`. Scheme comparison is safe because the WHATWG
@@ -19,6 +19,19 @@ export function openExternalSafely(url: string): Promise<void> | void {
   return shell.openExternal(url);
 }
 
+// Canonical wrapper around webContents.downloadURL. All renderer-controlled
+// URLs that trigger a native download MUST flow through here; direct calls
+// to `webContents.downloadURL` elsewhere in the main process are banned by
+// the no-restricted-syntax rule in apps/desktop/eslint.config.mjs.
+// Reuses the same http/https allowlist as openExternalSafely.
+export function downloadURLSafely(win: BrowserWindow, url: string): void {
+  if (getHttpProtocol(url) === null) {
+    console.warn(`[security] blocked downloadURL: ${describeScheme(url)}`);
+    return;
+  }
+  win.webContents.downloadURL(url);
+}
+
 function getHttpProtocol(url: string): "http:" | "https:" | null {
   try {
     const { protocol } = new URL(url);

apps/desktop/src/main/index.ts

@@ -5,14 +5,34 @@ import { electronApp, optimizer, is } from "@electron-toolkit/utils";
 import fixPath from "fix-path";
 import { setupAutoUpdater } from "./updater";
 import { setupDaemonManager } from "./daemon-manager";
-import { openExternalSafely } from "./external-url";
+import { setupLocalDirectory } from "./local-directory";
+import { openExternalSafely, downloadURLSafely } from "./external-url";
 import { installContextMenu } from "./context-menu";
+import { handleAppShortcut } from "./keyboard-shortcuts";
+import { installNavigationGestures } from "./navigation-gestures";
 import { getAppVersion } from "./app-version";
+import { loadRuntimeConfig } from "./runtime-config-loader";
+import type { RuntimeConfigResult } from "../shared/runtime-config";
 
-// Bundled icon used for dev-mode dock/taskbar branding. In production the
-// app bundle icon (from electron-builder) wins; this path is only consumed
-// by the `is.dev` branch below.
-const DEV_ICON_PATH = join(__dirname, "../../resources/icon.png");
+// Bundled icon used for dock/taskbar branding. macOS/Windows production
+// builds let the OS pick up the icon from the .app bundle / .exe resources,
+// but Linux production needs an explicit BrowserWindow `icon` — AppImage
+// direct-launch doesn't register the .desktop entry, so GNOME has no path
+// from the running window to the hicolor icon and falls back to the
+// theme default. Consumed in createWindow() (all platforms in dev, Linux
+// in prod) and the macOS dev dock branch.
+//
+// `asarUnpack: resources/**` in electron-builder.yml extracts the icon to
+// `app.asar.unpacked/`, but `__dirname` resolves into `app.asar/`. The
+// Linux native window-icon code path expects a real filesystem path
+// (unlike Electron's nativeImage loader which transparently reads from
+// asar), so swap the segment — same pattern as bundledCliPath() in
+// daemon-manager.ts. In dev `__dirname` has no `app.asar`, so the replace
+// is a no-op.
+const BUNDLED_ICON_PATH = join(__dirname, "../../resources/icon.png").replace(
+  "app.asar",
+  "app.asar.unpacked",
+);
 
 // macOS/Linux GUI launches inherit a minimal PATH from launchd that omits
 // the user's shell config (~/.zshrc, Homebrew, nvm, ~/.local/bin, etc.).
@@ -37,6 +57,10 @@ if (process.platform !== "win32") {
 const PROTOCOL = "multica";
 
 let mainWindow: BrowserWindow | null = null;
+let runtimeConfigResult: RuntimeConfigResult = {
+  ok: false,
+  error: { message: "Runtime config has not loaded yet" },
+};
 
 // --- Deep link helpers ---------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -72,7 +96,25 @@ function handleDeepLink(url: string): void {
 
 // --- Window creation -----------------------------------------------------
 
+// Tracks the OS-preferred language as last seen by the running process.
+// Updated on each window-focus check so we can emit a `locale:system-changed`
+// event to the renderer when the user changes their OS language without
+// quitting the app — without restart, app.getPreferredSystemLanguages()
+// would still report the boot value forever.
+let lastKnownSystemLocale = "en";
+
+function getSystemLocale(): string {
+  return app.getPreferredSystemLanguages()[0] ?? "en";
+}
+
 function createWindow(): void {
+  // Pass the OS-preferred language to the renderer via additionalArguments
+  // instead of a sync IPC call. process.argv is available to the preload
+  // script before the first network request, so the renderer's i18next
+  // instance can initialize with the right locale on the very first paint.
+  const systemLocale = getSystemLocale();
+  lastKnownSystemLocale = systemLocale;
+
   mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
     width: 1280,
     height: 800,
@@ -82,13 +124,40 @@ function createWindow(): void {
     trafficLightPosition: { x: 16, y: 13 },
     show: false,
     autoHideMenuBar: true,
-    // Windows/Linux pick up the window/taskbar icon from this option in
-    // dev — on macOS it's ignored (dock comes from app.dock.setIcon below).
-    ...(is.dev ? { icon: DEV_ICON_PATH } : {}),
+    // Windows/Linux pick up the window/taskbar icon from this option.
+    // On macOS it's ignored (dock comes from app.dock.setIcon below).
+    // Linux production needs this explicitly because AppImage direct-launch
+    // does not install a .desktop entry, so the WM has no other path to
+    // the bundled icon; without it Ubuntu falls back to the theme default.
+    ...(is.dev || process.platform === "linux"
+      ? { icon: BUNDLED_ICON_PATH }
+      : {}),
     webPreferences: {
       preload: join(__dirname, "../preload/index.js"),
       sandbox: false,
       webSecurity: false,
+      // Required for the Chromium PDF viewer (PDFium) to activate inside
+      // iframes — used by the attachment preview modal for application/pdf
+      // files. Default is false in Electron; without it <iframe src=*.pdf>
+      // renders blank.
+      //
+      // Security trade-off, accepted intentionally:
+      //   1. This window already runs with `webSecurity: false` + `sandbox: false`,
+      //      so `plugins: true` does NOT meaningfully widen the renderer's
+      //      attack surface beyond what is already accepted.
+      //   2. The only PDFs that reach an iframe here are signed CloudFront URLs
+      //      we ourselves issued (see useDownloadAttachment); user-supplied URLs
+      //      are routed through `setWindowOpenHandler` → `openExternalSafely` and
+      //      cannot land in this renderer.
+      //   3. Chromium's PDFium plugin is itself sandboxed inside its own process
+      //      and only handles the `application/pdf` MIME — it does not expose
+      //      Flash, Java, or other historical plugin surfaces.
+      //
+      // If we ever tighten `webSecurity` / `sandbox`, revisit this by hosting
+      // the PDF viewer in a dedicated BrowserView with `plugins: true` scoped
+      // to that view, keeping the main renderer plugin-free.
+      plugins: true,
+      additionalArguments: [`--multica-locale=${systemLocale}`],
     },
   });
 
@@ -106,28 +175,86 @@ function createWindow(): void {
     mainWindow?.show();
   });
 
+  // Detect OS language changes while the app is running. Electron has no
+  // dedicated event for this on any platform, so we poll on focus regain —
+  // catches the common case where users switch System Settings → Language
+  // and bring the app back. The renderer decides whether to act (it ignores
+  // the signal when the user has an explicit Settings choice).
+  mainWindow.on("focus", () => {
+    const current = getSystemLocale();
+    if (current === lastKnownSystemLocale) return;
+    lastKnownSystemLocale = current;
+    mainWindow?.webContents.send("locale:system-changed", current);
+  });
+
   mainWindow.webContents.setWindowOpenHandler((details) => {
     openExternalSafely(details.url);
     return { action: "deny" };
   });
 
-  // Prevent Cmd+R / Ctrl+R / Shift+Cmd+R / Shift+Ctrl+R / F5 from
-  // reloading the page. In a desktop app an accidental reload destroys
-  // in-memory state (tabs, drafts, WS connections) with no URL bar to
-  // navigate back. DevTools refresh (via the DevTools UI) still works.
-  mainWindow.webContents.on("before-input-event", (_event, input) => {
-    if (input.type !== "keyDown") return;
-    const cmdOrCtrl =
-      process.platform === "darwin" ? input.meta : input.control;
-    if (
-      (cmdOrCtrl && input.key.toLowerCase() === "r") ||
-      input.key === "F5"
-    ) {
-      _event.preventDefault();
+  // Window-level keyboard shortcuts. Calling preventDefault here prevents
+  // both the renderer keydown AND the application menu accelerator, so
+  // anything we own here (reload-block, zoom) is the sole handler for
+  // that combination — no double-fire with the macOS default View menu.
+  mainWindow.webContents.on("before-input-event", (event, input) => {
+    if (handleAppShortcut(input, mainWindow!.webContents)) {
+      event.preventDefault();
     }
   });
 
+  // Dev-mode renderer diagnostics. When the renderer crashes hard enough
+  // that DevTools can't be opened (white screen with no clickable surface),
+  // the only way to recover the actual JS error is to forward it from the
+  // main process to the terminal running `make dev`. Without these, the
+  // user sees only the daemon-manager polling noise (`Render frame was
+  // disposed before WebFrameMain could be accessed`) which is a downstream
+  // symptom, not the cause.
+  //
+  // Gated by `is.dev` to keep production stderr clean — packaged builds
+  // don't have a terminal anyway, and we ship to crash-reporting separately.
+  if (is.dev) {
+    const log = (tag: string, ...args: unknown[]) =>
+      process.stderr.write(`[renderer ${tag}] ${args.map(String).join(" ")}\n`);
+
+    // Forward every renderer-side console.* call. The detail object also
+    // carries source URL + line — included so a thrown stack trace from
+    // window.onerror is traceable back to a file.
+    mainWindow.webContents.on("console-message", (details) => {
+      const { level, message, sourceId, lineNumber } = details;
+      log(level, `${message} (${sourceId}:${lineNumber})`);
+    });
+
+    // Fires when the renderer process dies for any reason (OOM, crash,
+    // killed). `details.reason` is the discriminator: "crashed", "oom",
+    // "killed", "abnormal-exit", "launch-failed", etc.
+    mainWindow.webContents.on("render-process-gone", (_event, details) => {
+      log("process-gone", JSON.stringify(details));
+    });
+
+    // Fires when loadURL / loadFile can't reach its target (dev server
+    // not up yet, network blip, file missing). errorCode is a Chromium
+    // net error number; -3 = ABORTED is normal during HMR and skipped.
+    mainWindow.webContents.on(
+      "did-fail-load",
+      (_event, errorCode, errorDescription, validatedURL, isMainFrame) => {
+        if (errorCode === -3) return;
+        log(
+          "did-fail-load",
+          `code=${errorCode} desc=${errorDescription} url=${validatedURL} mainFrame=${isMainFrame}`,
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    // Fires when the preload script throws before the renderer can boot.
+    // This is the one error class that NEVER reaches DevTools (preload
+    // runs before any window) — without this listener it's invisible.
+    mainWindow.webContents.on("preload-error", (_event, preloadPath, error) => {
+      log("preload-error", `path=${preloadPath} err=${error?.stack ?? error}`);
+    });
+  }
+
   installContextMenu(mainWindow.webContents);
+  installNavigationGestures(mainWindow);
 
   if (is.dev && process.env["ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL"]) {
     mainWindow.loadURL(process.env["ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL"]);
@@ -155,6 +282,14 @@ const DEV_APP_NAME = process.env.DESKTOP_APP_SUFFIX
 if (is.dev) {
   app.setName(DEV_APP_NAME);
   app.setPath("userData", join(app.getPath("appData"), DEV_APP_NAME));
+} else {
+  // Pin the production app name in code. Electron's Linux WM_CLASS is set
+  // from app.getName() when the first BrowserWindow is realized; the
+  // packaged ASAR's package.json `productName` already steers app.getName()
+  // to "Multica", but anchoring it here makes WM_CLASS ↔ StartupWMClass
+  // (declared in electron-builder.yml) survive a regression in
+  // productName / the build pipeline. Must run before requestSingleInstanceLock().
+  app.setName("Multica");
 }
 
 // --- Protocol registration -----------------------------------------------
@@ -187,7 +322,25 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
     if (deepLinkUrl) handleDeepLink(deepLinkUrl);
   });
 
-  app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  app.whenReady().then(async () => {
+    const viteEnv = import.meta.env as ImportMetaEnv & {
+      readonly VITE_API_URL?: string;
+      readonly VITE_WS_URL?: string;
+      readonly VITE_APP_URL?: string;
+    };
+
+    runtimeConfigResult = await loadRuntimeConfig({
+      isDev: is.dev,
+      // electron-vite exposes VITE_* on import.meta.env for the main process;
+      // keep dev URL overrides on the same source the renderer used before
+      // runtime config moved endpoint resolution into main/preload.
+      env: {
+        apiUrl: viteEnv.VITE_API_URL,
+        wsUrl: viteEnv.VITE_WS_URL,
+        appUrl: viteEnv.VITE_APP_URL,
+      },
+    });
+
     electronApp.setAppUserModelId(
       is.dev ? "ai.multica.desktop.dev" : "ai.multica.desktop",
     );
@@ -196,7 +349,7 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
     // so the Canary dev build is visually distinct from a stock Electron
     // run. `app.dock` is macOS-only — guard the call.
     if (is.dev && process.platform === "darwin" && app.dock) {
-      const icon = nativeImage.createFromPath(DEV_ICON_PATH);
+      const icon = nativeImage.createFromPath(BUNDLED_ICON_PATH);
       if (!icon.isEmpty()) app.dock.setIcon(icon);
     }
 
@@ -213,6 +366,14 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
       return openExternalSafely(url);
     });
 
+    ipcMain.handle("file:download-url", (_event, url: string) => {
+      if (!mainWindow) {
+        console.warn("[download] ignored file:download-url — mainWindow torn down");
+        return;
+      }
+      downloadURLSafely(mainWindow, url);
+    });
+
     // Sync IPC: app version + normalized OS for preload. Sync (not invoke) so
     // preload can attach the values to `desktopAPI.appInfo` before any renderer
     // code reads them, ensuring the very first HTTP request from the renderer
@@ -223,6 +384,13 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
       event.returnValue = { version: getAppVersion(), os };
     });
 
+    // Sync IPC: preload exposes the validated runtime config before renderer
+    // boot. If desktop.json exists but is invalid, renderer receives the
+    // blocking error and must not silently fall back to the cloud defaults.
+    ipcMain.on("runtime-config:get", (event) => {
+      event.returnValue = runtimeConfigResult;
+    });
+
     // IPC: toggle immersive mode — hides the macOS traffic lights so full-screen
     // modals (e.g. create-workspace) can place UI in the top-left corner
     // without fighting the native window controls' hit-test.
@@ -293,6 +461,7 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
 
     setupAutoUpdater(() => mainWindow);
     setupDaemonManager(() => mainWindow);
+    setupLocalDirectory(() => mainWindow);
 
     // macOS: deep link arrives via open-url event
     app.on("open-url", (_event, url) => {

apps/desktop/src/main/keyboard-shortcuts.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { handleAppShortcut, type ShortcutInput } from "./keyboard-shortcuts";
+
+function makeWc(initialLevel = 0) {
+  let level = initialLevel;
+  return {
+    getZoomLevel: vi.fn(() => level),
+    setZoomLevel: vi.fn((next: number) => {
+      level = next;
+    }),
+    currentLevel: () => level,
+  };
+}
+
+function key(
+  k: string,
+  mods: Partial<Pick<ShortcutInput, "control" | "meta">> = {},
+): ShortcutInput {
+  return {
+    type: "keyDown",
+    key: k,
+    control: false,
+    meta: false,
+    ...mods,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("handleAppShortcut — reload blocking", () => {
+  it("swallows Cmd+R on macOS", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc();
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("r", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.setZoomLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("swallows Ctrl+R on Linux/Windows", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc();
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("r", { control: true }), wc, "linux")).toBe(true);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("R", { control: true }), wc, "win32")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("swallows F5 regardless of modifier", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc();
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("F5"), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores non-keyDown events", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc();
+    expect(
+      handleAppShortcut({ ...key("r", { meta: true }), type: "keyUp" }, wc, "darwin"),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("handleAppShortcut — zoom in", () => {
+  it("zooms in on Cmd+= (unshifted)", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(0);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("=", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("zooms in on Cmd++ (Shift+=)", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(0);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("+", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("zooms in on Ctrl+= on non-mac", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(0);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("=", { control: true }), wc, "linux")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("does nothing without Cmd/Ctrl", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(0);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("="), wc, "darwin")).toBe(false);
+    expect(wc.setZoomLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("clamps zoom-in at the upper bound", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(4.5);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("=", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(4.5);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("handleAppShortcut — zoom out (regression: MUL-2354)", () => {
+  it("zooms out on Cmd+- (unshifted)", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(1);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("-", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("zooms out on Cmd+_ (Shift+-)", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(1);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("_", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("zooms out on Ctrl+- on non-mac", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(1);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("-", { control: true }), wc, "win32")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("undoes a prior Cmd+= so the user can return to 100%", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(0);
+    handleAppShortcut(key("=", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin");
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0.5);
+    handleAppShortcut(key("-", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin");
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("clamps zoom-out at the lower bound", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(-3);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("-", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(-3);
+  });
+
+  it("does nothing without Cmd/Ctrl", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(1);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("-"), wc, "darwin")).toBe(false);
+    expect(wc.setZoomLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("handleAppShortcut — reset zoom", () => {
+  it("resets to 0 on Cmd+0", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(2);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("0", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("resets to 0 on Ctrl+0", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(-1.5);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("0", { control: true }), wc, "linux")).toBe(true);
+    expect(wc.currentLevel()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores plain 0 without modifier", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc(2);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("0"), wc, "darwin")).toBe(false);
+    expect(wc.setZoomLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("handleAppShortcut — unrelated keys pass through", () => {
+  it("does not capture plain letters", () => {
+    const wc = makeWc();
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("a", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(false);
+    expect(handleAppShortcut(key("k", { meta: true }), wc, "darwin")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/keyboard-shortcuts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import type { WebContents } from "electron";
+
+// Shape of the input subset we read from Electron's `before-input-event`.
+// Modeled as a structural type so the handler is unit-testable without a
+// real Electron Input instance.
+export type ShortcutInput = {
+  type: string;
+  key: string;
+  control: boolean;
+  meta: boolean;
+};
+
+// Subset of WebContents the zoom handler needs. Keeps the test mock tiny.
+export type ZoomTarget = Pick<WebContents, "getZoomLevel" | "setZoomLevel">;
+
+// Match Electron's built-in zoomIn/zoomOut roles (Chromium default of 0.5
+// per step). Clamp to a range that keeps the UI legible — values outside
+// this band turn the workspace into either confetti or a microfiche.
+const ZOOM_STEP = 0.5;
+const ZOOM_MIN = -3;
+const ZOOM_MAX = 4.5;
+
+/**
+ * Inspect a `before-input-event` key and apply (or block) the matching
+ * window-level shortcut. Returns `true` when the caller should call
+ * `event.preventDefault()` — that both swallows the renderer keydown and
+ * prevents the application menu accelerator from firing, so we don't
+ * double-trigger zoom on macOS where the default menu also binds these
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * Why we don't rely on the menu's `zoomIn` / `zoomOut` roles: on macOS the
+ * default `Cmd+-` accelerator does not fire reliably across keyboard
+ * layouts (issue MUL-2354 — Cmd+= zooms in but Cmd+- doesn't undo it).
+ * Handling the shortcuts here gives identical behavior on every platform
+ * and every layout.
+ */
+export function handleAppShortcut(
+  input: ShortcutInput,
+  webContents: ZoomTarget,
+  platform: NodeJS.Platform = process.platform,
+): boolean {
+  if (input.type !== "keyDown") return false;
+  const cmdOrCtrl = platform === "darwin" ? input.meta : input.control;
+
+  // Block reload — accidental Cmd+R / Ctrl+R / F5 destroys in-memory state
+  // (tabs, drafts, WS connections) with no URL bar to recover from.
+  if ((cmdOrCtrl && input.key.toLowerCase() === "r") || input.key === "F5") {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!cmdOrCtrl) return false;
+
+  // Cmd/Ctrl + "=" (unshifted) or "+" (Shift+=) → zoom in.
+  if (input.key === "=" || input.key === "+") {
+    const next = Math.min(webContents.getZoomLevel() + ZOOM_STEP, ZOOM_MAX);
+    webContents.setZoomLevel(next);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Cmd/Ctrl + "-" (unshifted) or "_" (Shift+-) → zoom out.
+  if (input.key === "-" || input.key === "_") {
+    const next = Math.max(webContents.getZoomLevel() - ZOOM_STEP, ZOOM_MIN);
+    webContents.setZoomLevel(next);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Cmd/Ctrl + 0 → reset zoom to 100%.
+  if (input.key === "0") {
+    webContents.setZoomLevel(0);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}

apps/desktop/src/main/local-directory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { ipcMain, dialog, BrowserWindow } from "electron";
+import { access, stat } from "fs/promises";
+import { constants as fsConstants } from "fs";
+import { basename, isAbsolute } from "path";
+
+export interface PickDirectoryResult {
+  ok: boolean;
+  path?: string;
+  basename?: string;
+  /** Set when ok=false. "cancelled" = user dismissed; otherwise an error blurb. */
+  reason?: "cancelled" | "no_window" | "error";
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+export interface ValidateLocalDirectoryResult {
+  ok: boolean;
+  /** When ok=false, identifies which check failed so the renderer can render a
+   *  specific message without parsing free-form text. */
+  reason?:
+    | "not_absolute"
+    | "not_found"
+    | "not_a_directory"
+    | "not_readable"
+    | "not_writable"
+    | "error";
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+async function validateLocalDirectory(
+  path: string,
+): Promise<ValidateLocalDirectoryResult> {
+  if (!path || !isAbsolute(path)) {
+    return { ok: false, reason: "not_absolute" };
+  }
+  try {
+    const st = await stat(path);
+    if (!st.isDirectory()) return { ok: false, reason: "not_a_directory" };
+  } catch (err) {
+    const code = (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code;
+    if (code === "ENOENT") return { ok: false, reason: "not_found" };
+    return { ok: false, reason: "error", error: errorMessage(err) };
+  }
+  try {
+    await access(path, fsConstants.R_OK);
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false, reason: "not_readable" };
+  }
+  try {
+    await access(path, fsConstants.W_OK);
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false, reason: "not_writable" };
+  }
+  return { ok: true };
+}
+
+function errorMessage(err: unknown): string {
+  return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+}
+
+export function setupLocalDirectory(
+  windowGetter: () => BrowserWindow | null,
+): void {
+  ipcMain.handle(
+    "local-directory:pick",
+    async (_event, defaultPath?: string): Promise<PickDirectoryResult> => {
+      const win = windowGetter();
+      if (!win) return { ok: false, reason: "no_window" };
+      try {
+        const result = await dialog.showOpenDialog(win, {
+          // Multiple-selection is intentionally disabled — a project_resource
+          // points at a single directory, and the create flow expects one
+          // path per click. Multi-add would have to be a separate UX.
+          properties: ["openDirectory", "createDirectory"],
+          ...(defaultPath ? { defaultPath } : {}),
+        });
+        if (result.canceled || result.filePaths.length === 0) {
+          return { ok: false, reason: "cancelled" };
+        }
+        const picked = result.filePaths[0];
+        if (!picked) return { ok: false, reason: "cancelled" };
+        return { ok: true, path: picked, basename: basename(picked) };
+      } catch (err) {
+        return { ok: false, reason: "error", error: errorMessage(err) };
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  ipcMain.handle(
+    "local-directory:validate",
+    (_event, path: string): Promise<ValidateLocalDirectoryResult> =>
+      validateLocalDirectory(path),
+  );
+}

apps/desktop/src/main/navigation-gestures.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { BrowserWindow } from "electron";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL } from "../shared/navigation-gestures";
+import { installNavigationGestures } from "./navigation-gestures";
+
+function makeWindow() {
+  let swipeHandler:
+    | ((event: unknown, direction: string) => void)
+    | undefined;
+
+  const win = {
+    on: vi.fn(
+      (event: string, handler: (event: unknown, direction: string) => void) => {
+        if (event === "swipe") swipeHandler = handler;
+        return win;
+      },
+    ),
+    webContents: {
+      send: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+
+  return {
+    win: win as unknown as BrowserWindow,
+    send: win.webContents.send,
+    emitSwipe: (direction: string) => swipeHandler?.({}, direction),
+  };
+}
+
+describe("installNavigationGestures", () => {
+  it("registers macOS swipe navigation", () => {
+    const { win, send, emitSwipe } = makeWindow();
+
+    installNavigationGestures(win, "darwin");
+
+    emitSwipe("right");
+    expect(send).toHaveBeenCalledWith(NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL, "back");
+
+    emitSwipe("left");
+    expect(send).toHaveBeenCalledWith(NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL, "forward");
+  });
+
+  it("ignores non-horizontal swipe directions", () => {
+    const { win, send, emitSwipe } = makeWindow();
+
+    installNavigationGestures(win, "darwin");
+    emitSwipe("up");
+
+    expect(send).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does not register on non-mac platforms", () => {
+    const { win, send, emitSwipe } = makeWindow();
+
+    installNavigationGestures(win, "linux");
+    emitSwipe("right");
+
+    expect(send).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/navigation-gestures.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import type { BrowserWindow } from "electron";
+import {
+  NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL,
+  navigationGestureFromSwipe,
+} from "../shared/navigation-gestures";
+
+export function installNavigationGestures(
+  win: BrowserWindow,
+  platform: NodeJS.Platform = process.platform,
+): void {
+  if (platform !== "darwin") return;
+
+  win.on("swipe", (_event, direction) => {
+    const gesture = navigationGestureFromSwipe(direction);
+    if (!gesture) return;
+    win.webContents.send(NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL, gesture);
+  });
+}

apps/desktop/src/main/runtime-config-loader.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { mkdtemp, writeFile } from "fs/promises";
+import { join } from "path";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { loadRuntimeConfig } from "./runtime-config-loader";
+
+describe("loadRuntimeConfig", () => {
+  it("uses dev env and ignores desktop.json during electron-vite dev", async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "multica-desktop-config-"));
+    const configPath = join(dir, "desktop.json");
+    await writeFile(
+      configPath,
+      JSON.stringify({ schemaVersion: 1, apiUrl: "https://prod.example.com" }),
+    );
+
+    await expect(
+      loadRuntimeConfig({
+        isDev: true,
+        configPath,
+        env: {
+          apiUrl: "http://localhost:8080",
+          wsUrl: "ws://localhost:8080/ws",
+          appUrl: "http://localhost:3000",
+        },
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      ok: true,
+      config: {
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        apiUrl: "http://localhost:8080",
+        wsUrl: "ws://localhost:8080/ws",
+        appUrl: "http://localhost:3000",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("uses cloud defaults when packaged config is absent", async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "multica-desktop-config-"));
+    await expect(
+      loadRuntimeConfig({
+        isDev: false,
+        configPath: join(dir, "missing.json"),
+        env: {},
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      ok: true,
+      config: {
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        apiUrl: "https://api.multica.ai",
+        wsUrl: "wss://api.multica.ai/ws",
+        appUrl: "https://multica.ai",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("parses a valid packaged desktop.json", async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "multica-desktop-config-"));
+    const configPath = join(dir, "desktop.json");
+    await writeFile(
+      configPath,
+      JSON.stringify({ schemaVersion: 1, apiUrl: "https://api.example.com" }),
+    );
+
+    await expect(
+      loadRuntimeConfig({ isDev: false, configPath, env: {} }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      ok: true,
+      config: {
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        apiUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+        wsUrl: "wss://api.example.com/ws",
+        appUrl: "https://example.com",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when packaged desktop.json is invalid", async () => {
+    const dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "multica-desktop-config-"));
+    const configPath = join(dir, "desktop.json");
+    await writeFile(configPath, "{");
+
+    const result = await loadRuntimeConfig({ isDev: false, configPath, env: {} });
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain(configPath);
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("Invalid desktop runtime config JSON");
+    }
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/runtime-config-loader.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { app } from "electron";
+import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
+import { join } from "path";
+import {
+  DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG,
+  parseRuntimeConfig,
+  runtimeConfigFromDevEnv,
+  type RuntimeConfig,
+  type RuntimeConfigEnv,
+  type RuntimeConfigResult,
+} from "../shared/runtime-config";
+
+export async function loadRuntimeConfig(options: {
+  isDev: boolean;
+  env: RuntimeConfigEnv;
+  configPath?: string;
+}): Promise<RuntimeConfigResult> {
+  if (options.isDev) {
+    try {
+      return { ok: true, config: runtimeConfigFromDevEnv(options.env) };
+    } catch (err) {
+      return { ok: false, error: { message: errorMessage(err) } };
+    }
+  }
+
+  const configPath = options.configPath ?? desktopConfigPath();
+  try {
+    const raw = await readFile(configPath, "utf-8");
+    return { ok: true, config: parseRuntimeConfig(raw) };
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (isMissingFileError(err)) {
+      return { ok: true, config: { ...DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG } };
+    }
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        message: `Invalid ${configPath}: ${errorMessage(err)}`,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+export function desktopConfigPath(): string {
+  return join(app.getPath("home"), ".multica", "desktop.json");
+}
+
+function isMissingFileError(err: unknown): boolean {
+  return Boolean(
+    err &&
+      typeof err === "object" &&
+      "code" in err &&
+      (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "ENOENT",
+  );
+}
+
+function errorMessage(err: unknown): string {
+  return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+}
+
+export type { RuntimeConfig, RuntimeConfigResult };

apps/desktop/src/main/updater.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-import { autoUpdater } from "electron-updater";
+import { autoUpdater, UpdateDownloadedEvent } from "electron-updater";
 import { app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain } from "electron";
 
-autoUpdater.autoDownload = false;
+// Silent background updates: electron-updater downloads on its own as soon
+// as `update-available` fires; we only surface UI when the package is fully
+// downloaded and ready to install on next quit.
+autoUpdater.autoDownload = true;
 autoUpdater.autoInstallOnAppQuit = true;
 
 // Windows arm64 ships its own update metadata channel because
@@ -26,8 +29,39 @@ export type ManualUpdateCheckResult =
     }
   | { ok: false; error: string };
 
+// Single-flight guard around checkForUpdates(). With autoDownload=true the
+// startup, periodic, and manual triggers can all kick off downloads, and
+// overlapping calls have caused duplicate download warnings in the past
+// (see electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/auto-updater). Coalesce concurrent
+// callers onto the same in-flight promise.
+let inFlightCheck: Promise<unknown> | null = null;
+function checkForUpdatesOnce(): Promise<unknown> {
+  if (inFlightCheck) return inFlightCheck;
+  const p = autoUpdater
+    .checkForUpdates()
+    .then((result) => {
+      // checkForUpdates resolves as soon as metadata is fetched; the actual
+      // download (when autoDownload=true) is exposed on result.downloadPromise.
+      // Without a handler a download failure becomes an unhandled rejection
+      // in the main process — Node may terminate it on future versions.
+      void (result as { downloadPromise?: Promise<unknown> } | null)?.downloadPromise?.catch(
+        (err) => {
+          console.error("Failed to download update:", err);
+        },
+      );
+      return result;
+    })
+    .finally(() => {
+      if (inFlightCheck === p) inFlightCheck = null;
+    });
+  inFlightCheck = p;
+  return p;
+}
+
 export function setupAutoUpdater(getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null): void {
   autoUpdater.on("update-available", (info) => {
+    // Forwarded for renderer-side state tracking only; the notification UI
+    // does not render an "available" affordance with autoDownload=true.
     const win = getMainWindow();
     win?.webContents.send("updater:update-available", {
       version: info.version,
@@ -42,15 +76,20 @@ export function setupAutoUpdater(getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null): voi
     });
   });
 
-  autoUpdater.on("update-downloaded", () => {
+  autoUpdater.on("update-downloaded", (info: UpdateDownloadedEvent) => {
     const win = getMainWindow();
-    win?.webContents.send("updater:update-downloaded");
+    win?.webContents.send("updater:update-downloaded", {
+      version: info.version,
+      releaseNotes: info.releaseNotes,
+    });
   });
 
   autoUpdater.on("error", (err) => {
     console.error("Auto-updater error:", err);
   });
 
+  // Retained for IPC back-compat with older renderer bundles. With
+  // autoDownload=true the renderer no longer triggers this path.
   ipcMain.handle("updater:download", () => {
     return autoUpdater.downloadUpdate();
   });
@@ -61,7 +100,9 @@ export function setupAutoUpdater(getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null): voi
 
   ipcMain.handle("updater:check", async (): Promise<ManualUpdateCheckResult> => {
     try {
-      const result = await autoUpdater.checkForUpdates();
+      const result = (await checkForUpdatesOnce()) as
+        | { updateInfo: { version: string }; isUpdateAvailable?: boolean }
+        | null;
       const currentVersion = app.getVersion();
       // Trust electron-updater's own decision rather than re-deriving it from
       // a version-string compare. The two diverge for pre-release channels,
@@ -85,7 +126,7 @@ export function setupAutoUpdater(getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null): voi
 
   // Initial check shortly after startup so we don't block boot.
   setTimeout(() => {
-    autoUpdater.checkForUpdates().catch((err) => {
+    checkForUpdatesOnce().catch((err) => {
       console.error("Failed to check for updates:", err);
     });
   }, STARTUP_CHECK_DELAY_MS);
@@ -93,7 +134,7 @@ export function setupAutoUpdater(getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null): voi
   // Background poll so long-running sessions still pick up new releases
   // without requiring the user to restart the app.
   setInterval(() => {
-    autoUpdater.checkForUpdates().catch((err) => {
+    checkForUpdatesOnce().catch((err) => {
       console.error("Periodic update check failed:", err);
     });
   }, PERIODIC_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);

apps/desktop/src/preload/index.d.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { ElectronAPI } from "@electron-toolkit/preload";
+import type { RuntimeConfigResult } from "../shared/runtime-config";
+import type { NavigationGesture } from "../shared/navigation-gestures";
 
 interface DesktopAPI {
   /** App version + normalized OS, captured synchronously at preload time. */
@@ -6,12 +8,21 @@ interface DesktopAPI {
     version: string;
     os: "macos" | "windows" | "linux" | "unknown";
   };
+  /** OS-preferred locale (BCP 47) injected by main via additionalArguments. */
+  systemLocale: string;
+  /** Subscribe to OS language changes detected after boot. Returns an unsubscribe function. */
+  onSystemLocaleChanged: (callback: (locale: string) => void) => () => void;
+  /** Validated runtime endpoint config, or a blocking config error. */
+  runtimeConfig: RuntimeConfigResult;
   /** Listen for auth token delivered via deep link. Returns an unsubscribe function. */
   onAuthToken: (callback: (token: string) => void) => () => void;
   /** Listen for invitation IDs delivered via deep link. Returns an unsubscribe function. */
   onInviteOpen: (callback: (invitationId: string) => void) => () => void;
   /** Open a URL in the default browser. */
   openExternal: (url: string) => Promise<void>;
+  /** Download a file by URL through Electron's native download system.
+   *  Shows a native save dialog. On non-desktop platforms this is undefined. */
+  downloadURL: (url: string) => Promise<void>;
   /** Hide macOS traffic lights for full-screen modals; restore when false. */
   setImmersiveMode: (immersive: boolean) => Promise<void>;
   /** Show a native OS notification for a new inbox item. */
@@ -32,6 +43,34 @@ interface DesktopAPI {
       issueKey: string;
     }) => void,
   ) => () => void;
+  /** Listen for native macOS back/forward swipe gestures. Returns an unsubscribe function. */
+  onNavigationGesture: (callback: (gesture: NavigationGesture) => void) => () => void;
+  /** Open the OS folder picker and return the chosen absolute path.
+   *  Used by the Project settings "Add local directory" flow. */
+  pickDirectory: (
+    defaultPath?: string,
+  ) => Promise<{
+    ok: boolean;
+    path?: string;
+    basename?: string;
+    reason?: "cancelled" | "no_window" | "error";
+    error?: string;
+  }>;
+  /** Validate that a path is an existing readable+writable directory.
+   *  Mirrors the daemon's runtime check so the user sees errors before submit. */
+  validateLocalDirectory: (
+    path: string,
+  ) => Promise<{
+    ok: boolean;
+    reason?:
+      | "not_absolute"
+      | "not_found"
+      | "not_a_directory"
+      | "not_readable"
+      | "not_writable"
+      | "error";
+    error?: string;
+  }>;
 }
 
 interface DaemonStatus {
@@ -74,7 +113,9 @@ interface DaemonAPI {
 interface UpdaterAPI {
   onUpdateAvailable: (callback: (info: { version: string; releaseNotes?: string }) => void) => () => void;
   onDownloadProgress: (callback: (progress: { percent: number }) => void) => () => void;
-  onUpdateDownloaded: (callback: () => void) => () => void;
+  onUpdateDownloaded: (
+    callback: (info: { version: string; releaseNotes?: string }) => void,
+  ) => () => void;
   downloadUpdate: () => Promise<void>;
   installUpdate: () => Promise<void>;
   checkForUpdates: () => Promise<

apps/desktop/src/preload/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from "electron";
 import { electronAPI } from "@electron-toolkit/preload";
+import type { RuntimeConfigResult } from "../shared/runtime-config";
+import {
+  isNavigationGesture,
+  NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL,
+  type NavigationGesture,
+} from "../shared/navigation-gestures";
 
 // Synchronously fetch app metadata from main at preload time so the renderer
 // can pass it into CoreProvider during the initial render — the alternative
@@ -21,12 +27,53 @@ function fetchAppInfo(): { version: string; os: "macos" | "windows" | "linux" |
   return { version: "unknown", os };
 }
 
+function fetchRuntimeConfig(): RuntimeConfigResult {
+  try {
+    const result = ipcRenderer.sendSync("runtime-config:get") as RuntimeConfigResult | undefined;
+    if (result && typeof result === "object" && "ok" in result) return result;
+  } catch (err) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  return { ok: false, error: { message: "Runtime config unavailable" } };
+}
+
 const appInfo = fetchAppInfo();
+const runtimeConfig = fetchRuntimeConfig();
+
+// Read the OS-preferred locale that main injected via additionalArguments.
+// Zero IPC, zero blocking — process.argv is populated before preload runs.
+function fetchSystemLocale(): string {
+  const arg = process.argv.find((a) => a.startsWith("--multica-locale="));
+  return arg?.split("=")[1] ?? "en";
+}
+
+const systemLocale = fetchSystemLocale();
 
 const desktopAPI = {
   /** App version + normalized OS. Read once at preload time so the renderer
    *  can use it synchronously when initializing the API client. */
   appInfo,
+  /** OS-preferred locale (BCP 47), passed from main via additionalArguments.
+   *  Used by the renderer's LocaleAdapter as the system-preference signal. */
+  systemLocale,
+  /** Subscribe to OS language changes detected after boot. The renderer
+   *  decides whether to act (no-op when the user has an explicit Settings
+   *  choice). Returns an unsubscribe function. */
+  onSystemLocaleChanged: (callback: (locale: string) => void) => {
+    const handler = (_event: Electron.IpcRendererEvent, locale: string) =>
+      callback(locale);
+    ipcRenderer.on("locale:system-changed", handler);
+    return () => {
+      ipcRenderer.removeListener("locale:system-changed", handler);
+    };
+  },
+  /** Validated runtime endpoint config, or a blocking config error. */
+  runtimeConfig,
   /** Listen for auth token delivered via deep link */
   onAuthToken: (callback: (token: string) => void) => {
     const handler = (_event: Electron.IpcRendererEvent, token: string) =>
@@ -47,6 +94,11 @@ const desktopAPI = {
   },
   /** Open a URL in the default browser */
   openExternal: (url: string) => ipcRenderer.invoke("shell:openExternal", url),
+  /** Download a file by URL through Electron's native download system.
+   *  Shows a save dialog and saves to disk. Unlike openExternal, this
+   *  avoids browser rendering of HTML files on Linux.
+   *  On non-desktop platforms this property is undefined. */
+  downloadURL: (url: string) => ipcRenderer.invoke("file:download-url", url),
   /** Toggle immersive mode — hide macOS traffic lights for full-screen modals */
   setImmersiveMode: (immersive: boolean) =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke("window:setImmersive", immersive),
@@ -94,6 +146,22 @@ const desktopAPI = {
       ipcRenderer.removeListener("inbox:open", handler);
     };
   },
+  /** Listen for native macOS back/forward swipe gestures. */
+  onNavigationGesture: (callback: (gesture: NavigationGesture) => void) => {
+    const handler = (_event: Electron.IpcRendererEvent, gesture: unknown) => {
+      if (isNavigationGesture(gesture)) callback(gesture);
+    };
+    ipcRenderer.on(NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL, handler);
+    return () => {
+      ipcRenderer.removeListener(NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL, handler);
+    };
+  },
+  /** Open the OS folder picker and return the chosen absolute path. */
+  pickDirectory: (defaultPath?: string) =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke("local-directory:pick", defaultPath),
+  /** Validate that a path is an existing readable+writable directory. */
+  validateLocalDirectory: (path: string) =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke("local-directory:validate", path),
 };
 
 interface DaemonStatus {
@@ -160,8 +228,11 @@ const updaterAPI = {
     ipcRenderer.on("updater:download-progress", handler);
     return () => ipcRenderer.removeListener("updater:download-progress", handler);
   },
-  onUpdateDownloaded: (callback: () => void) => {
-    const handler = () => callback();
+  onUpdateDownloaded: (
+    callback: (info: { version: string; releaseNotes?: string }) => void,
+  ) => {
+    const handler = (_: unknown, info: { version: string; releaseNotes?: string }) =>
+      callback(info);
     ipcRenderer.on("updater:update-downloaded", handler);
     return () => ipcRenderer.removeListener("updater:update-downloaded", handler);
   },

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/App.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { CoreProvider } from "@multica/core/platform";
+import { pickLocale } from "@multica/core/i18n";
 import { useAuthStore } from "@multica/core/auth";
+import { useWelcomeStore } from "@multica/core/onboarding";
 import { workspaceKeys, workspaceListOptions } from "@multica/core/workspace/queries";
 import { api } from "@multica/core/api";
 import { useHasOnboarded } from "@multica/core/paths";
+import { setCurrentWorkspace } from "@multica/core/platform";
 import { ThemeProvider } from "@multica/ui/components/common/theme-provider";
 import { MulticaIcon } from "@multica/ui/components/common/multica-icon";
 import { Toaster } from "@multica/ui/components/ui/sonner";
@@ -15,6 +18,8 @@ import { UpdateNotification } from "./components/update-notification";
 import { useTabStore } from "./stores/tab-store";
 import { useWindowOverlayStore } from "./stores/window-overlay-store";
 import { useDaemonIPCBridge } from "./platform/daemon-ipc-bridge";
+import { createDesktopLocaleAdapter } from "./platform/i18n-adapter";
+import { RESOURCES } from "@multica/views/locales";
 
 
 function AppContent() {
@@ -30,11 +35,16 @@ function AppContent() {
   // first render.
   const [bootstrapping, setBootstrapping] = useState(false);
 
+  const runtimeConfig = window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig.ok
+    ? window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig.config
+    : null;
+
   // Tell the main process which backend URL we talk to, so daemon-manager
   // can pick the matching CLI profile (server_url from ~/.multica config).
   useEffect(() => {
-    window.daemonAPI.setTargetApiUrl(DAEMON_TARGET_API_URL);
-  }, []);
+    if (!runtimeConfig) return;
+    window.daemonAPI.setTargetApiUrl(runtimeConfig.apiUrl);
+  }, [runtimeConfig]);
 
   // Listen for invite IDs delivered via deep link (multica://invite/<id>).
   // We open the overlay regardless of login state — if the user isn't logged
@@ -110,25 +120,31 @@ function AppContent() {
     : undefined;
   useDaemonIPCBridge(activeWsId);
 
-  // Pre-workspace overlay routing for desktop. Mirrors the web entry-point
-  // judgment in callback / login:
-  //   un-onboarded:
-  //     pending invites on email → /invitations overlay
-  //     no invites               → /onboarding overlay
-  //   already onboarded:
-  //     zero workspaces          → /workspaces/new overlay
-  //     ≥1 workspaces            → no overlay, fall through to dashboard
+  // Pre-workspace overlay routing for desktop. Mirrors the web layout
+  // hard gate via overlays (desktop has no URL bar, so we open the
+  // onboarding overlay instead of router.replace):
+  //   onboarded + has workspace      → no overlay, dashboard
+  //   un-onboarded (any wsCount):
+  //     pending invites on email     → /invitations overlay
+  //     no invites                   → /onboarding overlay
+  //   onboarded + no workspace       → /workspaces/new overlay
   //
-  // The "un-onboarded but in workspace" state is now physically impossible
-  // because backend transactions atomically set onboarded_at when a user
-  // joins the `member` table. Anyone with workspaces is by definition
-  // onboarded.
+  // V3 invariant: `onboarded_at != null` is the only path into the
+  // dashboard. CreateWorkspace does not mark onboarded; only Step 3's
+  // CompleteOnboarding (and AcceptInvitation) flip the flag. A user who
+  // somehow has a workspace but no onboarded mark must be sent back to
+  // /onboarding — we also clear the active workspace so the dashboard
+  // doesn't render under the overlay with stale workspace context.
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!user || !workspaceListFetched) return undefined;
     const { overlay, open } = useWindowOverlayStore.getState();
     if (overlay) return undefined;
-    if (wsCount > 0) return undefined;
+    if (hasOnboarded && wsCount > 0) return undefined;
     if (!hasOnboarded) {
+      // Stale workspace context (if any) would leak X-Workspace-Slug
+      // headers into onboarding-time API calls. Clear it before opening
+      // the overlay.
+      setCurrentWorkspace(null, null);
       // Look up pending invitations by email. Network blip is non-fatal —
       // fall through to onboarding so the user isn't stuck on a blank
       // window. The sidebar's pending-invitations dropdown will surface
@@ -226,9 +242,21 @@ function AppContent() {
   );
 }
 
-// Backend the daemon should connect to — same URL the renderer talks to.
-const DAEMON_TARGET_API_URL =
-  import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL || "http://localhost:8080";
+function BlockingRuntimeConfigError({ message }: { message: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-screen items-center justify-center bg-background p-8 text-foreground">
+      <div className="max-w-xl rounded-lg border bg-card p-6 shadow-sm">
+        <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold">Desktop configuration error</h1>
+        <p className="mt-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          Multica Desktop could not load <code>~/.multica/desktop.json</code>. Fix or remove the file and restart the app.
+        </p>
+        <pre className="mt-4 whitespace-pre-wrap rounded-md bg-muted p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+          {message}
+        </pre>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
 
 // On logout, wipe desktop-only in-memory state and stop the daemon so that
 // a subsequent login as a different user never inherits the previous user's
@@ -238,6 +266,9 @@ const DAEMON_TARGET_API_URL =
 async function handleDaemonLogout() {
   useTabStore.getState().reset();
   useWindowOverlayStore.getState().close();
+  // Drop any post-onboarding welcome signal so user B logging in next
+  // doesn't inherit user A's pending modal state.
+  useWelcomeStore.getState().reset();
   try {
     await window.daemonAPI.clearToken();
   } catch {
@@ -252,22 +283,61 @@ async function handleDaemonLogout() {
 
 export default function App() {
   const { version, os } = window.desktopAPI.appInfo;
+  const systemLocale = window.desktopAPI.systemLocale;
+  const runtimeConfigResult = window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig;
   // Stable identity reference so downstream effects (WS reconnect) don't
   // tear down on every parent render.
   const identity = useMemo(
     () => ({ platform: "desktop", version, os }),
     [version, os],
   );
+  // Locale resolution happens once at app boot. Switching language goes
+  // through window.location.reload() to avoid hydration mismatch.
+  const localeAdapter = useMemo(
+    () => createDesktopLocaleAdapter(systemLocale),
+    [systemLocale],
+  );
+  const locale = useMemo(() => pickLocale(localeAdapter), [localeAdapter]);
+  const resources = useMemo(
+    () => ({ [locale]: RESOURCES[locale] }),
+    [locale],
+  );
+
+  // React to OS-level language changes detected by main on focus regain.
+  // Only act when the user is following the system signal (no explicit
+  // Settings choice) — otherwise their preference wins. Cross-device sync
+  // for the explicit-choice case is handled inside CoreProvider.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return window.desktopAPI.onSystemLocaleChanged((nextSystemLocale) => {
+      if (localeAdapter.getUserChoice()) return;
+      const next = pickLocale({
+        ...localeAdapter,
+        getSystemPreferences: () =>
+          nextSystemLocale ? [nextSystemLocale] : [],
+      });
+      if (next === locale) return;
+      localeAdapter.persist(next);
+      window.location.reload();
+    });
+  }, [localeAdapter, locale]);
+
   return (
     <ThemeProvider>
-      <CoreProvider
-        apiBaseUrl={import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL || "http://localhost:8080"}
-        wsUrl={import.meta.env.VITE_WS_URL || "ws://localhost:8080/ws"}
-        onLogout={handleDaemonLogout}
-        identity={identity}
-      >
-        <AppContent />
-      </CoreProvider>
+      {runtimeConfigResult.ok ? (
+        <CoreProvider
+          apiBaseUrl={runtimeConfigResult.config.apiUrl}
+          wsUrl={runtimeConfigResult.config.wsUrl}
+          onLogout={handleDaemonLogout}
+          identity={identity}
+          locale={locale}
+          resources={resources}
+          localeAdapter={localeAdapter}
+        >
+          <AppContent />
+        </CoreProvider>
+      ) : (
+        <BlockingRuntimeConfigError message={runtimeConfigResult.error.message} />
+      )}
       <Toaster />
       <UpdateNotification />
     </ThemeProvider>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/daemon-runtime-card.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   Play,
   Square,
   RotateCw,
-  Server,
   Activity,
   ScrollText,
 } from "lucide-react";
@@ -12,15 +11,7 @@ import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { useWorkspaceId } from "@multica/core/hooks";
 import { runtimeListOptions } from "@multica/core/runtimes";
 import { agentTaskSnapshotOptions } from "@multica/core/agents";
-import { cn } from "@multica/ui/lib/utils";
 import { Button } from "@multica/ui/components/ui/button";
-import {
-  Card,
-  CardAction,
-  CardDescription,
-  CardHeader,
-  CardTitle,
-} from "@multica/ui/components/ui/card";
 import {
   Dialog,
   DialogContent,
@@ -32,24 +23,13 @@ import {
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { DaemonPanel } from "./daemon-panel";
 import type { DaemonStatus } from "../../../shared/daemon-types";
-import {
-  DAEMON_STATE_COLORS,
-  DAEMON_STATE_LABELS,
-  daemonStateDescription,
-  formatUptime,
-} from "../../../shared/daemon-types";
+import { DAEMON_STATE_LABELS } from "../../../shared/daemon-types";
 
 /**
- * Header card on the desktop Runtimes page that surfaces the daemon embedded
- * in this Electron app. The same daemon process registers N runtimes with the
- * server (one per detected CLI), which appear in the runtime list below — so
- * this card is the parent control surface for "what's running on this Mac".
- *
- * Why this lives only on desktop: web users don't have an embedded daemon;
- * they bring their own (CLI-launched or remote VM) and just see runtimes in
- * the list. The `desktop-runtimes-page` wrapper is the only mount point.
+ * Desktop-only controls for the daemon embedded in this Electron app. The
+ * shared runtimes page renders this inside the selected local machine header.
  */
-export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
+export function DaemonRuntimeActions() {
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<DaemonStatus>({ state: "stopped" });
   const [panelOpen, setPanelOpen] = useState(false);
   const [actionLoading, setActionLoading] = useState(false);
@@ -57,14 +37,8 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
 
   const wsId = useWorkspaceId();
   const { data: runtimes = [] } = useQuery(runtimeListOptions(wsId));
-  // Snapshot also includes each agent's latest terminal; the filter below
-  // drops anything that isn't running/dispatched, so terminal rows pass
-  // through harmlessly.
   const { data: snapshot = [] } = useQuery(agentTaskSnapshotOptions(wsId));
 
-  // Set of runtime IDs registered by THIS daemon (one per detected CLI).
-  // Used both to count "how many CLIs am I contributing" and to figure
-  // out which active tasks would be impacted by a Stop.
   const localRuntimeIds = useMemo(() => {
     if (!status.daemonId) return new Set<string>();
     return new Set(
@@ -76,10 +50,6 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
 
   const runtimeCount = localRuntimeIds.size;
 
-  // Tasks that are actually doing work on this daemon right now —
-  // running or dispatched. Queued tasks haven't claimed a runtime yet,
-  // so stopping the daemon won't break them (they'll wait for any
-  // available daemon). The number drives the Stop-confirmation dialog.
   const affectedTasks = useMemo(
     () =>
       snapshot.filter(
@@ -108,9 +78,6 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
     }
   }, []);
 
-  // The actual stop call, separated from the click handler so we can call
-  // it both from the direct path (no active tasks) and from the confirm
-  // dialog's confirm button.
   const performStop = useCallback(async () => {
     setActionLoading(true);
     const result = await window.daemonAPI.stop();
@@ -119,8 +86,6 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
     }
   }, []);
 
-  // Click on the Stop button. If there's nothing running, just stop;
-  // otherwise pop a confirm dialog explaining the blast radius.
   const handleStopClick = useCallback(() => {
     if (affectedTasks.length === 0) {
       void performStop();
@@ -136,9 +101,6 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
       toast.error("Failed to restart daemon", { description: result.error });
       return;
     }
-    // Success feedback — the daemon takes a few seconds to come back online,
-    // and the only other UI signal is the state badge flipping briefly. A
-    // toast confirms the click was received and tells the user what to expect.
     toast.success("Restarting daemon", {
       description: "Runtimes will be back online in a few seconds.",
     });
@@ -162,106 +124,64 @@ export function DaemonRuntimeCard() {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <Card size="sm">
-        <CardHeader>
-          <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <Server className="size-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-            Local daemon
-            <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border bg-background px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-normal">
-              <span
-                className={cn(
-                  "size-1.5 rounded-full",
-                  DAEMON_STATE_COLORS[status.state],
-                )}
-              />
-              <span
-                className={cn(
-                  "tabular-nums",
-                  isRunning ? "text-foreground" : "text-muted-foreground",
-                )}
-              >
-                {DAEMON_STATE_LABELS[status.state]}
-              </span>
-              {isRunning && status.uptime && (
-                <span className="text-muted-foreground">
-                  · {formatUptime(status.uptime)}
-                </span>
-              )}
-            </span>
-          </CardTitle>
-          <CardDescription>
-            {daemonStateDescription(status.state, runtimeCount)}
-          </CardDescription>
-          <CardAction className="self-center">
-            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-              {isRunning && (
-                <>
-                  <Button
-                    size="sm"
-                    variant="ghost"
-                    onClick={() => setPanelOpen(true)}
-                  >
-                    <ScrollText className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-                    View logs
-                  </Button>
-                  <Button
-                    size="sm"
-                    variant="outline"
-                    onClick={handleRestart}
-                    disabled={actionLoading}
-                  >
-                    <RotateCw className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-                    Restart
-                  </Button>
-                  <Button
-                    size="sm"
-                    variant="destructive"
-                    onClick={handleStopClick}
-                    disabled={actionLoading}
-                  >
-                    <Square className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-                    Stop
-                  </Button>
-                </>
-              )}
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-end gap-1.5">
+        {isRunning && (
+          <>
+            <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setPanelOpen(true)}>
+              <ScrollText className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
+              View logs
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              size="sm"
+              variant="outline"
+              onClick={handleRestart}
+              disabled={actionLoading}
+            >
+              <RotateCw className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
+              Restart
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              size="sm"
+              variant="destructive"
+              onClick={handleStopClick}
+              disabled={actionLoading}
+            >
+              <Square className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
+              Stop
+            </Button>
+          </>
+        )}
 
-              {isStopped && (
-                <Button
-                  size="sm"
-                  onClick={handleStart}
-                  disabled={actionLoading}
-                >
-                  {actionLoading ? (
-                    <Activity className="size-3.5 mr-1.5 animate-pulse" />
-                  ) : (
-                    <Play className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-                  )}
-                  Start
-                </Button>
-              )}
+        {isStopped && (
+          <Button size="sm" onClick={handleStart} disabled={actionLoading}>
+            {actionLoading ? (
+              <Activity className="size-3.5 mr-1.5 animate-pulse" />
+            ) : (
+              <Play className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
+            )}
+            Start
+          </Button>
+        )}
 
-              {isCliMissing && (
-                <Button
-                  size="sm"
-                  variant="outline"
-                  onClick={handleRetryInstall}
-                  disabled={actionLoading}
-                >
-                  <RotateCw className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
-                  Retry setup
-                </Button>
-              )}
+        {isCliMissing && (
+          <Button
+            size="sm"
+            variant="outline"
+            onClick={handleRetryInstall}
+            disabled={actionLoading}
+          >
+            <RotateCw className="size-3.5 mr-1.5" />
+            Retry setup
+          </Button>
+        )}
 
-              {(isTransitioning || isInstalling) && (
-                <Button size="sm" variant="outline" disabled>
-                  <Activity className="size-3.5 mr-1.5 animate-pulse" />
-                  {DAEMON_STATE_LABELS[status.state]}
-                </Button>
-              )}
-            </div>
-          </CardAction>
-        </CardHeader>
-      </Card>
+        {(isTransitioning || isInstalling) && (
+          <Button size="sm" variant="outline" disabled>
+            <Activity className="size-3.5 mr-1.5 animate-pulse" />
+            {DAEMON_STATE_LABELS[status.state]}
+          </Button>
+        )}
+      </div>
 
       <DaemonPanel
         open={panelOpen}

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/desktop-layout.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import { ModalRegistry } from "@multica/views/modals/registry";
 import { AppSidebar } from "@multica/views/layout";
 import { SearchCommand, SearchTrigger } from "@multica/views/search";
 import { ChatFab, ChatWindow } from "@multica/views/chat";
-import { StarterContentPrompt } from "@multica/views/onboarding";
 import { WorkspaceSlugProvider, paths, useCurrentWorkspace } from "@multica/core/paths";
 import { getCurrentSlug, subscribeToCurrentSlug } from "@multica/core/platform";
 import { useDesktopUnreadBadge } from "@multica/views/platform";
@@ -55,6 +54,20 @@ function SidebarTopBar() {
   );
 }
 
+function useNativeNavigationGestures() {
+  const { goBack, goForward } = useTabHistory();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return window.desktopAPI.onNavigationGesture((gesture) => {
+      if (gesture === "back") {
+        goBack();
+      } else {
+        goForward();
+      }
+    });
+  }, [goBack, goForward]);
+}
+
 // The main area's top bar doubles as a window drag region. When the sidebar
 // is not occupying main-flow width — either user-collapsed (offcanvas) or
 // auto-hidden in mobile mode (<768px, becomes a sheet drawer) — we pad the
@@ -133,6 +146,7 @@ function DesktopInboxBridge() {
 export function DesktopShell() {
   useInternalLinkHandler();
   useActiveTitleSync();
+  useNativeNavigationGestures();
 
   // Reactive read of current workspace slug from the platform singleton.
   // On first mount, slug is null until WorkspaceRouteLayout (inside the tab
@@ -169,7 +183,6 @@ export function DesktopShell() {
         </div>
         {slug && <ModalRegistry />}
         {slug && <SearchCommand />}
-        {slug && <StarterContentPrompt />}
         <WindowOverlay />
       </WorkspaceSlugProvider>
     </DesktopNavigationProvider>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/desktop-runtimes-page.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import { RuntimesPage } from "@multica/views/runtimes";
-import { DaemonRuntimeCard } from "./daemon-runtime-card";
+import { DaemonRuntimeActions } from "./daemon-runtime-card";
 import type { DaemonStatus } from "../../../shared/daemon-types";
 
 /**
@@ -19,10 +19,28 @@ import type { DaemonStatus } from "../../../shared/daemon-types";
  */
 export function DesktopRuntimesPage() {
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<DaemonStatus>({ state: "stopped" });
+  // Remember the last known daemonId/deviceName. After the daemon is
+  // stopped, `status.daemonId` goes back to undefined — without this
+  // sticky cache the local row would either disappear or get reclassified
+  // as a remote machine (since `isCurrent` requires a daemonId match),
+  // taking the Start button with it.
+  const [lastIdentity, setLastIdentity] = useState<{
+    daemonId: string | null;
+    deviceName: string | null;
+  }>({ daemonId: null, deviceName: null });
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    window.daemonAPI.getStatus().then(setStatus);
-    return window.daemonAPI.onStatusChange(setStatus);
+    const apply = (s: DaemonStatus) => {
+      setStatus(s);
+      if (s.daemonId) {
+        setLastIdentity({
+          daemonId: s.daemonId,
+          deviceName: s.deviceName ?? null,
+        });
+      }
+    };
+    window.daemonAPI.getStatus().then(apply);
+    return window.daemonAPI.onStatusChange(apply);
   }, []);
 
   const bootstrapping =
@@ -32,7 +50,14 @@ export function DesktopRuntimesPage() {
 
   return (
     <RuntimesPage
-      topSlot={<DaemonRuntimeCard />}
+      localDaemonId={status.daemonId ?? lastIdentity.daemonId}
+      localMachineName={status.deviceName ?? lastIdentity.deviceName}
+      localMachineActions={<DaemonRuntimeActions />}
+      // Desktop owns a local machine for the lifetime of the app, even
+      // while the daemon is stopped or hasn't registered yet. The shared
+      // page synthesizes a placeholder local row when no real runtime
+      // matches, so the Start button is always reachable.
+      hasLocalMachine
       bootstrapping={bootstrapping}
     />
   );

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/pageview-tracker.test.tsx

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ describe("PageviewTracker", () => {
     expect(state.capturePageview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("fires pageview when a new tab is opened (openInNewTab / addTab)", () => {
+  it("fires pageview when a foreground tab is added (addTab path)", () => {
     state.byWorkspace = {
       acme: {
         activeTabId: "tA",
@@ -128,7 +128,11 @@ describe("PageviewTracker", () => {
     const { rerender } = render(<PageviewTracker />);
     state.capturePageview.mockClear();
 
-    // Simulate openInNewTab("/acme/agents") → new tab tC added and activated.
+    // Simulate a foreground new-tab action (e.g. an explicit "Open in new
+    // tab" toolbar button that passes `{ activate: true }`) — tC is
+    // appended AND becomes active. `openInNewTab` defaults to background
+    // (no `setActiveTab`); only the `activate: true` branch produces the
+    // state change this test exercises.
     state.byWorkspace = {
       acme: {
         activeTabId: "tC",

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import { render, fireEvent, within } from "@testing-library/react";
+
+type MockTab = {
+  id: string;
+  path: string;
+  title: string;
+  icon: string;
+  pinned: boolean;
+};
+
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  activeWorkspaceSlug: "acme" as string | null,
+  byWorkspace: {
+    acme: {
+      activeTabId: "tA",
+      tabs: [
+        { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+        { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+      ] as MockTab[],
+    },
+  } as Record<string, { activeTabId: string; tabs: MockTab[] }>,
+  togglePin: vi.fn<(tabId: string) => void>(),
+  closeTab: vi.fn<(tabId: string) => void>(),
+  setActiveTab: vi.fn<(tabId: string) => void>(),
+  moveTab: vi.fn<(from: number, to: number) => void>(),
+  addTab: vi.fn<(path: string, title: string, icon: string) => string>(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/stores/tab-store", () => {
+  const store = {
+    get activeWorkspaceSlug() {
+      return state.activeWorkspaceSlug;
+    },
+    get byWorkspace() {
+      return state.byWorkspace;
+    },
+    togglePin: state.togglePin,
+    closeTab: state.closeTab,
+    setActiveTab: state.setActiveTab,
+    moveTab: state.moveTab,
+    addTab: state.addTab,
+  };
+  const useTabStore = Object.assign(
+    (selector?: (s: typeof store) => unknown) =>
+      selector ? selector(store) : store,
+    { getState: () => store },
+  );
+  const useActiveGroup = () =>
+    state.activeWorkspaceSlug
+      ? (state.byWorkspace[state.activeWorkspaceSlug] ?? null)
+      : null;
+  const resolveRouteIcon = () => "ListTodo";
+  return { useTabStore, useActiveGroup, resolveRouteIcon };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@multica/core/paths", () => ({
+  paths: {
+    workspace: (slug: string) => ({
+      issues: () => `/${slug}/issues`,
+    }),
+  },
+}));
+
+import { TabBar } from "./tab-bar";
+
+function reset() {
+  state.activeWorkspaceSlug = "acme";
+  state.byWorkspace = {
+    acme: {
+      activeTabId: "tA",
+      tabs: [
+        { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+        { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+      ],
+    },
+  };
+  state.togglePin.mockReset();
+  state.closeTab.mockReset();
+  state.setActiveTab.mockReset();
+  state.moveTab.mockReset();
+  state.addTab.mockReset();
+}
+
+beforeEach(reset);
+
+describe("TabBar hover action buttons", () => {
+  it("renders a Pin button on every unpinned tab and an Unpin button on every pinned tab", () => {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs = [
+      { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: true },
+      { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+    ];
+    const { getAllByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    expect(getAllByLabelText("Unpin tab")).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(getAllByLabelText("Pin tab")).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("clicking the Pin button calls togglePin for the tab", () => {
+    const { getAllByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    const pinButtons = getAllByLabelText("Pin tab");
+    fireEvent.click(pinButtons[1]); // click Pin on tB (Projects)
+    expect(state.togglePin).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tB");
+  });
+
+  it("clicking the Unpin button on a pinned tab calls togglePin", () => {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs = [
+      { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: true },
+      { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+    ];
+    const { getByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    fireEvent.click(getByLabelText("Unpin tab"));
+    expect(state.togglePin).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tA");
+  });
+
+  it("hides the X close button on a pinned tab but keeps it on an unpinned tab", () => {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs = [
+      { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: true },
+      { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+    ];
+    const { queryAllByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    // Only the unpinned tab exposes a Close affordance — pinned tab requires
+    // explicit Unpin first (RFC §3 D3c FINAL).
+    expect(queryAllByLabelText("Close tab")).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the full title visible on a pinned tab (no icon-only collapse)", () => {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs = [
+      { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: true },
+    ];
+    const { getByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    const pinnedTab = getByLabelText("Issues (pinned)");
+    expect(within(pinnedTab).getByText("Issues")).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it("renders the Pin glyph as the leading icon on a pinned tab and the route icon on an unpinned tab", () => {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs = [
+      { id: "tA", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: true },
+      { id: "tB", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+    ];
+    const { getByLabelText } = render(<TabBar />);
+    const pinnedTab = getByLabelText("Issues (pinned)");
+    const unpinnedTab = getByLabelText("Projects");
+    // lucide-react renders the icon name into the class list. The leading
+    // slot icon is size-3.5; the hover Pin/Unpin action button is size-2.5,
+    // so we qualify on size to avoid matching the action glyph.
+    expect(pinnedTab.querySelector(".lucide-pin.size-3\\.5")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(pinnedTab.querySelector(".lucide-list-todo")).toBeNull();
+    expect(unpinnedTab.querySelector(".lucide-list-todo.size-3\\.5")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(unpinnedTab.querySelector(".lucide-pin.size-3\\.5")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/tab-bar.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { Fragment } from "react";
 import {
   Inbox,
   CircleUser,
@@ -8,6 +9,8 @@ import {
   Settings,
   X,
   Plus,
+  Pin,
+  PinOff,
   type LucideIcon,
 } from "lucide-react";
 import {
@@ -28,8 +31,20 @@ import {
   restrictToParentElement,
 } from "@dnd-kit/modifiers";
 import { CSS } from "@dnd-kit/utilities";
+import {
+  ContextMenu,
+  ContextMenuContent,
+  ContextMenuItem,
+  ContextMenuSeparator,
+  ContextMenuTrigger,
+} from "@multica/ui/components/ui/context-menu";
 import { cn } from "@multica/ui/lib/utils";
-import { useTabStore, useActiveGroup, resolveRouteIcon, type Tab } from "@/stores/tab-store";
+import {
+  useTabStore,
+  useActiveGroup,
+  resolveRouteIcon,
+  type Tab,
+} from "@/stores/tab-store";
 import { paths } from "@multica/core/paths";
 
 const TAB_ICONS: Record<string, LucideIcon> = {
@@ -42,9 +57,23 @@ const TAB_ICONS: Record<string, LucideIcon> = {
   Settings,
 };
 
-function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolean; isOnly: boolean }) {
+function SortableTabItem({
+  tab,
+  isActive,
+  isOnly,
+}: {
+  tab: Tab;
+  isActive: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True iff this is the only tab in the workspace. Hiding X on the last
+   * tab matches existing behavior and avoids the surprise of the store's
+   * last-tab reseed kicking in. Pinned tabs always hide X (RFC §3 D3c).
+   */
+  isOnly: boolean;
+}) {
   const setActiveTab = useTabStore((s) => s.setActiveTab);
   const closeTab = useTabStore((s) => s.closeTab);
+  const togglePin = useTabStore((s) => s.togglePin);
 
   const {
     attributes,
@@ -55,7 +84,11 @@ function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolea
     isDragging,
   } = useSortable({ id: tab.id });
 
-  const Icon = TAB_ICONS[tab.icon];
+  // Pinned tabs swap the route icon for a Pin glyph as the static "I am
+  // pinned" indicator (RFC §3 D1v-iv FINAL). The route information is still
+  // present in the title, and this avoids a hard left accent border that read
+  // as visually heavy in light mode.
+  const LeadingIcon = tab.pinned ? Pin : TAB_ICONS[tab.icon];
 
   const style = {
     transform: CSS.Transform.toString(transform),
@@ -74,17 +107,30 @@ function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolea
     closeTab(tab.id);
   };
 
-  const stopDragOnClose = (e: React.PointerEvent) => {
+  const handleTogglePin = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    togglePin(tab.id);
+  };
+
+  const stopDragOnAction = (e: React.PointerEvent) => {
     e.stopPropagation();
   };
 
-  return (
+  // Pinned tabs keep their full title (RFC §3 D1v-ii FINAL). The only visual
+  // differences vs. unpinned tabs are the leading Pin icon (swapped in above)
+  // and the suppressed X (closing requires explicit Unpin). Pin/Unpin is
+  // reachable via the hover action button below and the right-click menu.
+  const showCloseButton = !tab.pinned && !isOnly;
+
+  const tabButton = (
     <button
       ref={setNodeRef}
       style={style}
       {...attributes}
       {...listeners}
       onClick={handleClick}
+      aria-label={tab.pinned ? `${tab.title} (pinned)` : tab.title}
+      title={tab.pinned ? `${tab.title} (pinned)` : undefined}
       className={cn(
         "group flex h-7 w-40 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md px-2 text-xs transition-colors",
         "select-none cursor-default",
@@ -94,7 +140,7 @@ function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolea
         isDragging && "opacity-60",
       )}
     >
-      {Icon && <Icon className="size-3.5 shrink-0" />}
+      {LeadingIcon && <LeadingIcon className="size-3.5 shrink-0" />}
       <span
         className="min-w-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden whitespace-nowrap text-left"
         style={{
@@ -104,10 +150,22 @@ function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolea
       >
         {tab.title}
       </span>
-      {!isOnly && (
+      <span
+        onClick={handleTogglePin}
+        onPointerDown={stopDragOnAction}
+        role="button"
+        aria-label={tab.pinned ? "Unpin tab" : "Pin tab"}
+        title={tab.pinned ? "Unpin tab" : "Pin tab"}
+        className="hidden size-3.5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-sm text-muted-foreground transition-colors group-hover:flex hover:bg-muted-foreground/20 hover:text-foreground"
+      >
+        {tab.pinned ? <PinOff className="size-2.5" /> : <Pin className="size-2.5" />}
+      </span>
+      {showCloseButton && (
         <span
           onClick={handleClose}
-          onPointerDown={stopDragOnClose}
+          onPointerDown={stopDragOnAction}
+          role="button"
+          aria-label="Close tab"
           className="hidden size-3.5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-sm text-muted-foreground transition-colors group-hover:flex hover:bg-muted-foreground/20 hover:text-foreground"
         >
           <X className="size-2.5" />
@@ -115,6 +173,36 @@ function SortableTabItem({ tab, isActive, isOnly }: { tab: Tab; isActive: boolea
       )}
     </button>
   );
+
+  return (
+    <ContextMenu>
+      <ContextMenuTrigger render={tabButton} />
+      <ContextMenuContent>
+        <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => togglePin(tab.id)}>
+          {tab.pinned ? (
+            <>
+              <PinOff />
+              Unpin tab
+            </>
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <Pin />
+              Pin tab
+            </>
+          )}
+        </ContextMenuItem>
+        <ContextMenuSeparator />
+        <ContextMenuItem
+          variant="destructive"
+          disabled={tab.pinned || isOnly}
+          onClick={() => closeTab(tab.id)}
+        >
+          <X />
+          Close tab
+        </ContextMenuItem>
+      </ContextMenuContent>
+    </ContextMenu>
+  );
 }
 
 function NewTabButton() {
@@ -155,12 +243,17 @@ export function TabBar() {
   const tabs = group?.tabs ?? [];
   const activeTabId = group?.activeTabId ?? "";
   const tabIds = tabs.map((t) => t.id);
+  const pinnedCount = tabs.filter((t) => t.pinned).length;
+  const unpinnedCount = tabs.length - pinnedCount;
 
   const handleDragEnd = (event: DragEndEvent) => {
     const { active, over } = event;
     if (!over || active.id === over.id) return;
     const from = tabs.findIndex((t) => t.id === active.id);
     const to = tabs.findIndex((t) => t.id === over.id);
+    // The store clamps the destination to within the source tab's zone
+    // (pinned vs unpinned), so this call is safe even when the user tries
+    // to drag across the boundary — the tab will land at the boundary.
     if (from !== -1 && to !== -1) moveTab(from, to);
   };
 
@@ -173,13 +266,22 @@ export function TabBar() {
         onDragEnd={handleDragEnd}
       >
         <SortableContext items={tabIds} strategy={horizontalListSortingStrategy}>
-          {tabs.map((tab) => (
-            <SortableTabItem
-              key={tab.id}
-              tab={tab}
-              isActive={tab.id === activeTabId}
-              isOnly={tabs.length === 1}
-            />
+          {tabs.map((tab, index) => (
+            <Fragment key={tab.id}>
+              <SortableTabItem
+                tab={tab}
+                isActive={tab.id === activeTabId}
+                isOnly={tabs.length === 1}
+              />
+              {tab.pinned &&
+                index === pinnedCount - 1 &&
+                unpinnedCount > 0 && (
+                  <div
+                    aria-hidden
+                    className="mx-1 h-4 w-px bg-border"
+                  />
+                )}
+            </Fragment>
           ))}
         </SortableContext>
       </DndContext>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/tab-content.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { RouterProvider } from "react-router-dom";
 import { useActiveGroup } from "@/stores/tab-store";
 import { TabNavigationProvider } from "@/platform/navigation";
 import { useTabRouterSync } from "@/hooks/use-tab-router-sync";
+import { useTabScrollRestore } from "@/hooks/use-tab-scroll-restore";
 import type { Tab } from "@/stores/tab-store";
 
 /**
@@ -15,6 +16,28 @@ function TabRouterInner({ tab }: { tab: Tab }) {
   return null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Wraps a tab's subtree so its scroll position survives the round trip
+ * through `<Activity mode="hidden">`. Lives inside Activity so the hook's
+ * effects cycle with the tab's visibility — see `useTabScrollRestore` for
+ * the mechanism. `display: contents` keeps the wrapper transparent to
+ * the surrounding flex layout.
+ */
+function TabScrollRestoreWrapper({
+  tabPath,
+  children,
+}: {
+  tabPath: string;
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const ref = useTabScrollRestore(tabPath);
+  return (
+    <div ref={ref} style={{ display: "contents" }}>
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * Renders the active workspace's tabs using Activity for state preservation.
  * Only the active tab is visible; hidden tabs keep their DOM and React state.
@@ -44,10 +67,12 @@ export function TabContent() {
           key={tab.id}
           mode={tab.id === group.activeTabId ? "visible" : "hidden"}
         >
-          <TabNavigationProvider router={tab.router}>
-            <RouterProvider router={tab.router} />
-            <TabRouterInner tab={tab} />
-          </TabNavigationProvider>
+          <TabScrollRestoreWrapper tabPath={tab.path}>
+            <TabNavigationProvider router={tab.router}>
+              <RouterProvider router={tab.router} />
+              <TabRouterInner tab={tab} />
+            </TabNavigationProvider>
+          </TabScrollRestoreWrapper>
         </Activity>
       ))}
     </>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/update-notification.tsx

@@ -1,55 +1,27 @@
-import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { ArrowDownToLine, RefreshCw, X } from "lucide-react";
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { RefreshCw, X } from "lucide-react";
 
+// Downloads run silently in the background (main process has
+// autoDownload=true). The renderer only renders UI once the package is fully
+// downloaded and waiting for a restart.
 type UpdateState =
   | { status: "idle" }
-  | { status: "available"; version: string }
-  | { status: "downloading"; percent: number }
-  | { status: "ready" };
+  | { status: "ready"; version: string };
 
 export function UpdateNotification() {
   const [state, setState] = useState<UpdateState>({ status: "idle" });
   const [dismissed, setDismissed] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const cleanups: (() => void)[] = [];
-
-    cleanups.push(
-      window.updater.onUpdateAvailable((info) => {
-        setState({ status: "available", version: info.version });
-        setDismissed(false);
-      }),
-    );
-
-    cleanups.push(
-      window.updater.onDownloadProgress((progress) => {
-        setState({ status: "downloading", percent: progress.percent });
-      }),
-    );
-
-    cleanups.push(
-      window.updater.onUpdateDownloaded(() => {
-        setState({ status: "ready" });
-      }),
-    );
-
-    return () => cleanups.forEach((fn) => fn());
+    const cleanup = window.updater.onUpdateDownloaded((info) => {
+      setState({ status: "ready", version: info.version });
+      setDismissed(false);
+    });
+    return cleanup;
   }, []);
 
-  const handleDownload = useCallback(() => {
-    // Prevent double-click: immediately transition to downloading state
-    if (state.status !== "available") return;
-    setState({ status: "downloading", percent: 0 });
-    window.updater.downloadUpdate();
-  }, [state.status]);
-
-  const handleInstall = useCallback(() => {
-    window.updater.installUpdate();
-  }, []);
-
-  // Only allow dismiss when update is available (not during download or ready)
   if (state.status === "idle") return null;
-  if (dismissed && state.status === "available") return null;
+  if (dismissed) return null;
 
   return (
     <div className="fixed bottom-4 right-4 z-50 w-80 rounded-lg border border-border bg-background p-4 shadow-lg animate-in slide-in-from-bottom-2 fade-in duration-300">
@@ -60,78 +32,31 @@ export function UpdateNotification() {
         <X className="size-3.5" />
       </button>
 
-      {state.status === "available" && (
-        <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
-          <div className="mt-0.5 rounded-md bg-primary/10 p-1.5">
-            <ArrowDownToLine className="size-4 text-primary" />
-          </div>
-          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            <p className="text-sm font-medium">New version available</p>
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
-              v{state.version} is ready to download
-            </p>
+      <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+        <div className="mt-0.5 rounded-md bg-success/10 p-1.5">
+          <RefreshCw className="size-4 text-success" />
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
+          <p className="text-sm font-medium">Update ready</p>
+          <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
+            v{state.version} will be applied on next launch.
+          </p>
+          <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-1.5">
             <button
-              onClick={handleDownload}
-              className="mt-2 inline-flex items-center rounded-md bg-primary px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90 transition-colors"
+              onClick={() => setDismissed(true)}
+              className="inline-flex items-center rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-foreground hover:bg-accent transition-colors"
             >
-              Download update
+              Later
+            </button>
+            <button
+              onClick={() => window.updater.installUpdate()}
+              className="inline-flex items-center rounded-md bg-primary px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90 transition-colors"
+            >
+              Restart now
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
-      )}
-
-      {state.status === "downloading" && (
-        <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
-          <div className="mt-0.5 rounded-md bg-primary/10 p-1.5">
-            <ArrowDownToLine className="size-4 text-primary animate-pulse" />
-          </div>
-          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            <p className="text-sm font-medium">Downloading update...</p>
-            <div className="mt-2 h-1.5 w-full rounded-full bg-muted overflow-hidden">
-              <div
-                className="h-full rounded-full bg-primary transition-all duration-300"
-                style={{ width: `${Math.round(state.percent)}%` }}
-              />
-            </div>
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-1">
-              {Math.round(state.percent)}%
-            </p>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      {state.status === "ready" && (
-        <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
-          <div className="mt-0.5 rounded-md bg-success/10 p-1.5">
-            <RefreshCw className="size-4 text-success" />
-          </div>
-          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            <p className="text-sm font-medium">Update ready</p>
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
-              Restart to apply the update
-            </p>
-            <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-1.5">
-              {/* Secondary "See changes" — gives the user a reason to
-                  restart by surfacing what they're about to get. Opens
-                  in the default browser via the shared openExternal
-                  bridge so the URL hits the same allow-list as every
-                  other outbound link. */}
-              <button
-                onClick={() => window.desktopAPI.openExternal("https://multica.ai/changelog")}
-                className="inline-flex items-center rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-foreground hover:bg-accent transition-colors"
-              >
-                See changes
-              </button>
-              <button
-                onClick={handleInstall}
-                className="inline-flex items-center rounded-md bg-primary px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90 transition-colors"
-              >
-                Restart now
-              </button>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
+      </div>
     </div>
   );
 }

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/updates-settings-tab.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
 import { AlertCircle, ArrowDownToLine, Check, Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
 import { Button } from "@multica/ui/components/ui/button";
+import { useT } from "@multica/views/i18n";
 
 type CheckState =
   | { status: "idle" }
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ type CheckState =
   | { status: "error"; message: string };
 
 export function UpdatesSettingsTab() {
+  const { t } = useT("settings");
   const [state, setState] = useState<CheckState>({ status: "idle" });
   const currentVersion = window.desktopAPI.appInfo.version;
 
@@ -29,16 +31,15 @@ export function UpdatesSettingsTab() {
 
   return (
     <div>
-      <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">Updates</h2>
+      <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">{t(($) => $.desktop.updates.title)}</h2>
       <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-1">
-        The desktop app checks for new versions automatically once an hour and
-        shortly after launch.
+        {t(($) => $.desktop.updates.description)}
       </p>
 
       <div className="mt-6 divide-y">
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-6 py-4">
           <div className="min-w-0">
-            <p className="text-sm font-medium">Current version</p>
+            <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t(($) => $.desktop.updates.current_version)}</p>
             <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-0.5 font-mono">
               v{currentVersion}
             </p>
@@ -47,22 +48,20 @@ export function UpdatesSettingsTab() {
 
         <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-6 py-4">
           <div className="min-w-0">
-            <p className="text-sm font-medium">Check for updates</p>
+            <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t(($) => $.desktop.updates.check_section_title)}</p>
             <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
-              Trigger a check now instead of waiting for the next automatic
-              poll. Available updates appear as a notification in the corner.
+              {t(($) => $.desktop.updates.check_section_description)}
             </p>
             {state.status === "up-to-date" && (
               <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1.5">
                 <Check className="size-3.5 text-success" />
-                You&apos;re on the latest version.
+                {t(($) => $.desktop.updates.up_to_date)}
               </p>
             )}
             {state.status === "available" && (
               <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1.5">
                 <ArrowDownToLine className="size-3.5 text-primary" />
-                v{state.latestVersion} is available — see the download prompt
-                in the corner.
+                {t(($) => $.desktop.updates.downloading, { version: state.latestVersion })}
               </p>
             )}
             {state.status === "error" && (
@@ -82,10 +81,10 @@ export function UpdatesSettingsTab() {
               {state.status === "checking" ? (
                 <>
                   <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" />
-                  Checking…
+                  {t(($) => $.desktop.updates.checking)}
                 </>
               ) : (
-                "Check now"
+                t(($) => $.desktop.updates.check_now)
               )}
             </Button>
           </div>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/window-overlay.tsx

@@ -62,18 +62,25 @@ function WindowOverlayInner() {
       {overlay.type === "invitations" && <InvitationsPage />}
       {overlay.type === "onboarding" && (
         <OnboardingFlow
-          onComplete={(ws) => {
+          onComplete={(ws, issueId) => {
             close();
-            // Post-onboarding landing is always the workspace issues
-            // list. The welcome-issue flow moved into a dialog that
-            // renders on that page (StarterContentPrompt), so the
-            // flow doesn't need to thread a target issue id back here.
-            if (ws) {
+            // Runtime-connected onboarding lands on its single guide
+            // issue. Runtime-less exits still land on the issues list.
+            if (ws && issueId) {
+              push(paths.workspace(ws.slug).issueDetail(issueId));
+            } else if (ws) {
               push(paths.workspace(ws.slug).issues());
             } else {
               push(paths.root());
             }
           }}
+          // Restart the bundled daemon when the user hits Refresh on
+          // Step 3. The daemon's PATH probe runs once at boot, so a
+          // newly-installed CLI (Claude / Codex / Cursor) doesn't show
+          // up until the daemon is bounced.
+          onRuntimeRefresh={async () => {
+            await window.daemonAPI?.restart?.();
+          }}
         />
       )}
     </div>

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/components/workspace-route-layout.tsx

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import {
 import { setCurrentWorkspace } from "@multica/core/platform";
 import { useAuthStore } from "@multica/core/auth";
 import { useWorkspaceSeen } from "@multica/views/workspace/use-workspace-seen";
+import { WelcomeAfterOnboarding } from "@multica/views/workspace/welcome-after-onboarding";
 import { WorkspacePresencePrefetch } from "@multica/views/layout";
 import { useTabStore } from "@/stores/tab-store";
+import { useWindowOverlayStore } from "@/stores/window-overlay-store";
 
 /**
  * Desktop equivalent of apps/web/app/[workspaceSlug]/layout.tsx.
@@ -34,6 +36,15 @@ export function WorkspaceRouteLayout() {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
   const isAuthLoading = useAuthStore((s) => s.isLoading);
+  // While a WindowOverlay is open (onboarding, accept-invite, new-workspace),
+  // the underlying tab is still mounted in the React tree — so this layout
+  // and its WelcomeAfterOnboarding Modal would render UNDER the overlay.
+  // Because the modal uses a Portal that targets document.body, it ends up
+  // rendered LATER in the DOM and visually outranks the overlay's z-50.
+  // Suppress the modal whenever any overlay is active; the moment the
+  // overlay closes the welcome hook re-evaluates and pops if its store
+  // signal is still set.
+  const overlayActive = useWindowOverlayStore((s) => s.overlay !== null);
 
   // Workspace routes require auth. If user is unauthenticated, bounce to /login.
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -85,6 +96,14 @@ export function WorkspaceRouteLayout() {
     <WorkspaceSlugProvider slug={workspaceSlug}>
       <WorkspacePresencePrefetch />
       <Outlet />
+      {/* Reads the welcome-store transient signal parked by
+       *  OnboardingFlow.handleRuntimeNext. Suppressed while a WindowOverlay
+       *  (onboarding / accept-invite / new-workspace) is open so the modal
+       *  doesn't portal-jump in front of an active pre-workspace flow.
+       *  Once the overlay closes the hook re-evaluates and pops the
+       *  Modal — unless the store signal has already been consumed, in
+       *  which case the hook renders null. */}
+      {!overlayActive && <WelcomeAfterOnboarding />}
     </WorkspaceSlugProvider>
   );
 }

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/hooks/use-tab-scroll-restore.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import { Activity } from "react";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { fireEvent, render } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { useTabScrollRestore } from "./use-tab-scroll-restore";
+
+function Harness({ path }: { path: string }) {
+  const ref = useTabScrollRestore(path);
+  return (
+    <div ref={ref} style={{ display: "contents" }}>
+      <div
+        data-tab-scroll-root
+        data-testid="scroller"
+        style={{ height: 100, overflow: "auto" }}
+      >
+        <div style={{ height: 1000 }} />
+      </div>
+      <div
+        data-tab-scroll-root="aside"
+        data-testid="aside"
+        style={{ height: 100, overflow: "auto" }}
+      >
+        <div style={{ height: 1000 }} />
+      </div>
+      <div
+        data-testid="unmarked"
+        style={{ height: 100, overflow: "auto" }}
+      >
+        <div style={{ height: 1000 }} />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function App({ visible, path }: { visible: boolean; path: string }) {
+  return (
+    <Activity mode={visible ? "visible" : "hidden"}>
+      <Harness path={path} />
+    </Activity>
+  );
+}
+
+function setScroll(el: HTMLElement, top: number) {
+  el.scrollTop = top;
+  fireEvent.scroll(el);
+}
+
+describe("useTabScrollRestore", () => {
+  it("restores scroll position when a tab cycles through hidden -> visible", () => {
+    const { rerender, getByTestId } = render(
+      <App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />,
+    );
+    const scroller = getByTestId("scroller") as HTMLElement;
+
+    setScroll(scroller, 500);
+    expect(scroller.scrollTop).toBe(500);
+
+    // Simulate Activity hiding the subtree: layout would drop the offset.
+    rerender(<App visible={false} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    scroller.scrollTop = 0;
+
+    rerender(<App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    expect(scroller.scrollTop).toBe(500);
+  });
+
+  it("restores multiple named scroll roots independently", () => {
+    const { rerender, getByTestId } = render(
+      <App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />,
+    );
+    const main = getByTestId("scroller") as HTMLElement;
+    const aside = getByTestId("aside") as HTMLElement;
+
+    setScroll(main, 300);
+    setScroll(aside, 150);
+
+    rerender(<App visible={false} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    main.scrollTop = 0;
+    aside.scrollTop = 0;
+
+    rerender(<App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    expect(main.scrollTop).toBe(300);
+    expect(aside.scrollTop).toBe(150);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores scroll on elements without the data-tab-scroll-root marker", () => {
+    const { rerender, getByTestId } = render(
+      <App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />,
+    );
+    const unmarked = getByTestId("unmarked") as HTMLElement;
+
+    setScroll(unmarked, 250);
+
+    rerender(<App visible={false} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    unmarked.scrollTop = 0;
+
+    rerender(<App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />);
+    expect(unmarked.scrollTop).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("drops saved offsets when the tab path changes (intra-tab navigation)", () => {
+    const { rerender, getByTestId } = render(
+      <App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/1" />,
+    );
+    const scroller = getByTestId("scroller") as HTMLElement;
+
+    setScroll(scroller, 500);
+
+    // Navigating within the tab swaps the active route — same marker key,
+    // different page. We should NOT restore the prior page's offset.
+    rerender(<App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/2" />);
+    scroller.scrollTop = 0;
+
+    rerender(<App visible={false} path="/acme/issues/2" />);
+    rerender(<App visible={true} path="/acme/issues/2" />);
+    expect(scroller.scrollTop).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/hooks/use-tab-scroll-restore.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef } from "react";
+
+/**
+ * Persist a tab's scroll positions across <Activity> visibility transitions.
+ *
+ * Tabs render under `<Activity mode="visible|hidden">`, which keeps React
+ * state but loses DOM scrollTop — the subtree is taken out of layout while
+ * hidden and rejoins with scrollTop=0. This hook records every marked
+ * container's `scrollTop` while the tab is visible (continuously, via a
+ * capture-phase scroll listener) and restores them in a `useLayoutEffect`
+ * the next time the tab becomes visible, before the browser paints.
+ *
+ * Mark scroll containers in views with `data-tab-scroll-root`. The
+ * attribute value is the cache key — defaults to `"main"` for unnamed
+ * roots. Most pages have a single scroll container, so a bare attribute
+ * is enough; named keys are only needed when a page has multiple
+ * independently scrollable regions whose positions must all be restored.
+ *
+ * When the tab's path changes (intra-tab navigation), the saved offsets
+ * are dropped — the new route's container shares the same marker key but
+ * is a different page, and restoring the old offset would land the user
+ * somewhere arbitrary on the new page.
+ *
+ * For virtualized children (Virtuoso, react-virtual, etc.) the single
+ * synchronous `scrollTop = saved` inside useLayoutEffect isn't enough:
+ * the child registers its observers in a passive useEffect that fires
+ * later, so at restore time the container's scrollHeight has collapsed
+ * to clientHeight and the browser clamps our assignment to 0. The
+ * restore loops across rAF frames until the assignment sticks, which
+ * lets virtualization rehydrate before we give up.
+ */
+export function useTabScrollRestore(tabPath: string) {
+  const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const savedRef = useRef<Map<string, number>>(new Map());
+  const prevPathRef = useRef(tabPath);
+
+  if (prevPathRef.current !== tabPath) {
+    savedRef.current.clear();
+    prevPathRef.current = tabPath;
+  }
+
+  // <Activity> cleans up effects on hidden and re-mounts them on visible,
+  // so an empty-deps useLayoutEffect runs exactly on every hidden → visible
+  // transition. Restoring here (before the browser paints) handles the
+  // common case without a flash.
+  //
+  // The synchronous set isn't enough for virtualized lists though
+  // (issue-detail uses Virtuoso with customScrollParent). Virtuoso wires
+  // its scroll/resize observers in a passive useEffect, which fires AFTER
+  // useLayoutEffect — so at the moment we try to restore, the spacer that
+  // gives the container its tall scrollHeight hasn't been re-established
+  // yet. The browser silently clamps `scrollTop = saved` down to 0 because
+  // `scrollHeight === clientHeight` in that window. Retry across rAF
+  // frames until the set sticks (or we time out around the time any sane
+  // child should have laid out, ~500ms).
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const root = containerRef.current;
+    if (!root) return;
+    const els = root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-tab-scroll-root]");
+    const cancellers: Array<() => void> = [];
+    els.forEach((el) => {
+      const key = scrollKey(el);
+      const saved = savedRef.current.get(key);
+      if (saved === undefined) return;
+      el.scrollTop = saved;
+      if (el.scrollTop === saved) return;
+
+      let cancelled = false;
+      let attempts = 0;
+      const maxAttempts = 30; // ~500ms at 60fps
+      const tick = () => {
+        if (cancelled) return;
+        el.scrollTop = saved;
+        attempts++;
+        if (el.scrollTop === saved) return;
+        if (attempts >= maxAttempts) return;
+        requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+      };
+      requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+      cancellers.push(() => {
+        cancelled = true;
+      });
+    });
+    return () => cancellers.forEach((c) => c());
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const root = containerRef.current;
+    if (!root) return;
+    const onScroll = (e: Event) => {
+      const target = e.target;
+      if (!(target instanceof HTMLElement)) return;
+      if (!target.hasAttribute("data-tab-scroll-root")) return;
+      savedRef.current.set(scrollKey(target), target.scrollTop);
+    };
+    // Scroll events don't bubble, but capture catches them anyway.
+    root.addEventListener("scroll", onScroll, { capture: true, passive: true });
+    return () => root.removeEventListener("scroll", onScroll, true);
+  }, []);
+
+  return containerRef;
+}
+
+function scrollKey(el: HTMLElement): string {
+  return el.getAttribute("data-tab-scroll-root") || "main";
+}

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/pages/attachment-preview-page.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { useParams, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { AttachmentPreviewPage } from "@multica/views/attachments";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@multica/ui/components/common/error-boundary";
+
+export function AttachmentPreviewRoute() {
+  const { id } = useParams<{ id: string }>();
+  const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
+  const filename = searchParams.get("name") ?? undefined;
+
+  if (!id) return null;
+  return (
+    <ErrorBoundary resetKeys={[id]}>
+      <AttachmentPreviewPage attachmentId={id} filename={filename} />
+    </ErrorBoundary>
+  );
+}

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/pages/issue-detail-page.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { IssueDetail } from "@multica/views/issues/components";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@multica/ui/components/common/error-boundary";
 import { useWorkspaceId } from "@multica/core/hooks";
 import { issueDetailOptions } from "@multica/core/issues/queries";
 import { useDocumentTitle } from "@/hooks/use-document-title";
@@ -13,5 +14,9 @@ export function IssueDetailPage() {
   useDocumentTitle(issue ? `${issue.identifier}: ${issue.title}` : "Issue");
 
   if (!id) return null;
-  return <IssueDetail issueId={id} />;
+  return (
+    <ErrorBoundary resetKeys={[id]}>
+      <IssueDetail issueId={id} />
+    </ErrorBoundary>
+  );
 }

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/pages/login.tsx

@@ -2,14 +2,23 @@ import { LoginPage } from "@multica/views/auth";
 import { DragStrip } from "@multica/views/platform";
 import { MulticaIcon } from "@multica/ui/components/common/multica-icon";
 
-const WEB_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_APP_URL || "http://localhost:3000";
+function requireRuntimeAppUrl(): string {
+  const runtimeConfig = window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig;
+  if (!runtimeConfig.ok) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "Invariant violated: DesktopLoginPage rendered before App accepted runtime config",
+    );
+  }
+  return runtimeConfig.config.appUrl;
+}
 
 export function DesktopLoginPage() {
+  const webUrl = requireRuntimeAppUrl();
   const handleGoogleLogin = () => {
     // Open web login page in the default browser with platform=desktop flag.
     // The web callback will redirect back via multica:// deep link with the token.
     window.desktopAPI.openExternal(
-      `${WEB_URL}/login?platform=desktop`,
+      `${webUrl}/login?platform=desktop`,
     );
   };
 

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/pages/member-detail-page.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { MemberDetailPage as SharedMemberDetailPage } from "@multica/views/members";
+import { useWorkspaceId } from "@multica/core/hooks";
+import { memberListOptions } from "@multica/core/workspace/queries";
+import { useDocumentTitle } from "@/hooks/use-document-title";
+
+export function MemberDetailPage() {
+  const { id } = useParams<{ id: string }>();
+  const wsId = useWorkspaceId();
+  const { data: members = [] } = useQuery(memberListOptions(wsId));
+  const member = members.find((m) => m.user_id === id) ?? null;
+
+  useDocumentTitle(member?.name ?? "Member");
+
+  if (!id) return null;
+  return <SharedMemberDetailPage userId={id} />;
+}

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/platform/i18n-adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import type { LocaleAdapter, SupportedLocale } from "@multica/core/i18n";
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = "multica-locale";
+
+// Desktop adapter:
+//   - User choice: localStorage (set by Settings switcher).
+//   - System preference: locale main injected via additionalArguments
+//     (read from preload, exposed on window.desktopAPI.systemLocale).
+//   - Persist: localStorage. The Settings switcher additionally PATCHes
+//     /api/me when logged in so user.language follows the user across devices.
+export function createDesktopLocaleAdapter(systemLocale: string): LocaleAdapter {
+  return {
+    getUserChoice() {
+      try {
+        return window.localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    },
+    getSystemPreferences() {
+      return systemLocale ? [systemLocale] : [];
+    },
+    persist(locale: SupportedLocale) {
+      try {
+        window.localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, locale);
+      } catch {
+        // Best-effort
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/platform/navigation.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import { render } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+
+// Shared in-memory state that the mocked tab store reads / mutates. The test
+// records every method call so we can assert openInNewTab does NOT activate
+// the new tab (i.e. setActiveTab is never invoked on the same-workspace path).
+type MockRouter = {
+  state: { location: { pathname: string; search: string; hash: string } };
+  navigate: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+};
+
+type MockTab = {
+  id: string;
+  path: string;
+  pinned: boolean;
+  router: MockRouter;
+};
+
+function makeMockRouter(pathname: string, search = "", hash = ""): MockRouter {
+  return {
+    state: { location: { pathname, search, hash } },
+    navigate: vi.fn(),
+  };
+}
+
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  activeWorkspaceSlug: "acme" as string | null,
+  byWorkspace: {
+    acme: {
+      activeTabId: "tA",
+      tabs: [
+        {
+          id: "tA",
+          path: "/acme/issues",
+          pinned: false,
+          router: makeMockRouter("/acme/issues"),
+        },
+      ] as MockTab[],
+    },
+  } as Record<string, { activeTabId: string; tabs: MockTab[] }>,
+  openTab: vi.fn<(path: string, title?: string, icon?: string) => string>(),
+  setActiveTab: vi.fn<(tabId: string) => void>(),
+  switchWorkspace: vi.fn<(slug: string, openPath?: string) => void>(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/stores/tab-store", () => {
+  const store = {
+    get activeWorkspaceSlug() {
+      return state.activeWorkspaceSlug;
+    },
+    get byWorkspace() {
+      return state.byWorkspace;
+    },
+    openTab: state.openTab,
+    setActiveTab: state.setActiveTab,
+    switchWorkspace: state.switchWorkspace,
+  };
+  const useTabStore = Object.assign(
+    (selector?: (s: typeof store) => unknown) =>
+      selector ? selector(store) : store,
+    { getState: () => store },
+  );
+  const getActiveTab = () => {
+    const slug = state.activeWorkspaceSlug;
+    if (!slug) return null;
+    const group = state.byWorkspace[slug];
+    if (!group) return null;
+    return group.tabs.find((t) => t.id === group.activeTabId) ?? null;
+  };
+  const useActiveTabIdentity = () => ({
+    slug: state.activeWorkspaceSlug,
+    tabId: state.activeWorkspaceSlug
+      ? (state.byWorkspace[state.activeWorkspaceSlug]?.activeTabId ?? null)
+      : null,
+  });
+  const useActiveTabRouter = () => null;
+  const resolveRouteIcon = () => "File";
+  return {
+    useTabStore,
+    getActiveTab,
+    useActiveTabIdentity,
+    useActiveTabRouter,
+    resolveRouteIcon,
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/stores/window-overlay-store", () => ({
+  useWindowOverlayStore: Object.assign(
+    () => null,
+    { getState: () => ({ overlay: null, open: vi.fn(), close: vi.fn() }) },
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@multica/core/auth", () => ({
+  useAuthStore: Object.assign(
+    () => null,
+    { getState: () => ({ logout: vi.fn() }) },
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@multica/core/paths", () => ({
+  isReservedSlug: (s: string) =>
+    ["login", "workspaces", "invite", "onboarding", "invitations"].includes(s),
+}));
+
+// DesktopNavigationProvider reads window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig synchronously.
+beforeEach(() => {
+  state.openTab.mockReset();
+  state.setActiveTab.mockReset();
+  state.switchWorkspace.mockReset();
+  state.openTab.mockImplementation(() => "tNew");
+  state.activeWorkspaceSlug = "acme";
+  state.byWorkspace = {
+    acme: {
+      activeTabId: "tA",
+      tabs: [
+        {
+          id: "tA",
+          path: "/acme/issues",
+          pinned: false,
+          router: makeMockRouter("/acme/issues"),
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  };
+  Object.defineProperty(window, "desktopAPI", {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      runtimeConfig: { ok: true, config: { appUrl: "https://app.example" } },
+    },
+  });
+});
+
+import {
+  DesktopNavigationProvider,
+  TabNavigationProvider,
+} from "./navigation";
+import { useNavigation } from "@multica/views/navigation";
+
+function captureAdapter(onAdapter: (adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation>) => void) {
+  function Probe() {
+    const nav = useNavigation();
+    useEffect(() => {
+      onAdapter(nav);
+    }, [nav]);
+    return null;
+  }
+  return Probe;
+}
+
+describe("DesktopNavigationProvider.openInNewTab", () => {
+  it("opens a background tab (no setActiveTab) for a same-workspace path", () => {
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    expect(adapter).not.toBeNull();
+    adapter!.openInNewTab!("/acme/agents", "Agents");
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/agents", "Agents", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("activates the new tab when opts.activate is true (foreground)", () => {
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    adapter!.openInNewTab!("/acme/agents", "Agents", { activate: true });
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/agents", "Agents", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tNew");
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("delegates to switchWorkspace for a cross-workspace path", () => {
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    adapter!.openInNewTab!("/butter/inbox");
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).toHaveBeenCalledWith("butter", "/butter/inbox");
+    expect(state.openTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("DesktopNavigationProvider.push with pinned active tab", () => {
+  function pinActive(pathname: string) {
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0] = {
+      id: "tA",
+      path: pathname,
+      pinned: true,
+      router: makeMockRouter(pathname),
+    };
+  }
+
+  it("redirects push to a new foreground tab when pathname differs", () => {
+    pinActive("/acme/issues");
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    adapter!.push("/acme/projects");
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/projects", "/acme/projects", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tNew");
+  });
+
+  it("allows in-tab navigation when only search/hash changes", () => {
+    pinActive("/acme/issues");
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    adapter!.push("/acme/issues?filter=open");
+    // Pathname unchanged → pinned interception declines and falls through to
+    // the router's own navigate — openTab / setActiveTab must not fire.
+    expect(state.openTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("leaves cross-workspace push to the workspace switcher (not pin)", () => {
+    pinActive("/acme/issues");
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    adapter!.push("/butter/inbox");
+    // Cross-workspace push runs through tryRouteToOtherWorkspace before
+    // tryRouteToPinnedNewTab, so switchWorkspace wins.
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).toHaveBeenCalledWith("butter", "/butter/inbox");
+    expect(state.openTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("DesktopNavigationProvider.push duplicate path guard", () => {
+  it("does not navigate when the target exactly matches the active tab location", () => {
+    const activeRouter = makeMockRouter("/acme/issues/child");
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0] = {
+      id: "tA",
+      path: "/acme/issues/child",
+      pinned: false,
+      router: activeRouter,
+    };
+
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <DesktopNavigationProvider>
+        <Probe />
+      </DesktopNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+
+    adapter!.push("/acme/issues/child");
+
+    expect(activeRouter.navigate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("TabNavigationProvider.openInNewTab", () => {
+  function renderTabProvider() {
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    const fakeRouter = {
+      state: { location: { pathname: "/acme/issues", search: "" } },
+      subscribe: () => () => {},
+      navigate: vi.fn(),
+    } as unknown as Parameters<typeof TabNavigationProvider>[0]["router"];
+    render(
+      <TabNavigationProvider router={fakeRouter}>
+        <Probe />
+      </TabNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    return () => adapter!;
+  }
+
+  it("opens a background tab (no setActiveTab) for a same-workspace path", () => {
+    const getAdapter = renderTabProvider();
+    getAdapter().openInNewTab!("/acme/agents", "Agents");
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/agents", "Agents", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("activates the new tab when opts.activate is true (foreground)", () => {
+    const getAdapter = renderTabProvider();
+    getAdapter().openInNewTab!("/acme/agents", "Agents", { activate: true });
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/agents", "Agents", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tNew");
+    expect(state.switchWorkspace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("TabNavigationProvider.push duplicate path guard", () => {
+  function renderTabProviderAt(
+    pathname: string,
+    search = "",
+    hash = "",
+  ) {
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    const fakeRouter = {
+      state: { location: { pathname, search, hash } },
+      subscribe: () => () => {},
+      navigate: vi.fn(),
+    } as unknown as Parameters<typeof TabNavigationProvider>[0]["router"];
+    render(
+      <TabNavigationProvider router={fakeRouter}>
+        <Probe />
+      </TabNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    return { getAdapter: () => adapter!, fakeRouter };
+  }
+
+  it("does not navigate when the target exactly matches the current full location", () => {
+    const { getAdapter, fakeRouter } = renderTabProviderAt("/acme/issues/child");
+
+    getAdapter().push("/acme/issues/child");
+
+    expect(fakeRouter.navigate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("still navigates when only search or hash differs", () => {
+    const { getAdapter, fakeRouter } = renderTabProviderAt("/acme/issues");
+
+    getAdapter().push("/acme/issues?filter=open#top");
+
+    expect(fakeRouter.navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/issues?filter=open#top");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("TabNavigationProvider.push with pinned active tab", () => {
+  type ProviderRouter = Parameters<typeof TabNavigationProvider>[0]["router"];
+
+  function renderPinnedTabProvider(pathname: string) {
+    // The active tab and the per-tab router must share the same pathname:
+    // tryRouteToPinnedNewTab reads the *active tab's* router for the current
+    // pathname (so query-only pushes routed via React Router still compare
+    // correctly), while the TabNavigationProvider falls back to *its own*
+    // router.navigate when no interception fires. In real desktop usage they
+    // are the same router instance; this helper mirrors that invariant.
+    const fakeRouter = {
+      state: { location: { pathname, search: "", hash: "" } },
+      subscribe: () => () => {},
+      navigate: vi.fn(),
+    } as unknown as ProviderRouter;
+    state.byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0] = {
+      id: "tA",
+      path: pathname,
+      pinned: true,
+      router: fakeRouter as unknown as MockRouter,
+    };
+
+    let adapter: ReturnType<typeof useNavigation> | null = null;
+    const Probe = captureAdapter((a) => {
+      adapter = a;
+    });
+    render(
+      <TabNavigationProvider router={fakeRouter}>
+        <Probe />
+      </TabNavigationProvider>,
+    );
+    return { getAdapter: () => adapter!, fakeRouter };
+  }
+
+  it("redirects push to a new foreground tab when pathname differs", () => {
+    const { getAdapter, fakeRouter } = renderPinnedTabProvider("/acme/issues");
+    getAdapter().push("/acme/projects");
+    expect(state.openTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/projects", "/acme/projects", "File");
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).toHaveBeenCalledWith("tNew");
+    // Pinned interception short-circuits — the per-tab router must NOT
+    // navigate, otherwise the pinned tab itself would move off its path.
+    expect(fakeRouter.navigate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("allows in-tab navigation when only search/hash changes", () => {
+    const { getAdapter, fakeRouter } = renderPinnedTabProvider("/acme/issues");
+    getAdapter().push("/acme/issues?filter=open");
+    // Same pathname → pinned interception declines, push falls through to
+    // the tab's own router.navigate, and no new tab is opened.
+    expect(state.openTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(state.setActiveTab).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(fakeRouter.navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/acme/issues?filter=open");
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/platform/navigation.tsx

@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@ import {
 } from "@/stores/tab-store";
 import { useWindowOverlayStore } from "@/stores/window-overlay-store";
 
-// Public web app URL — injected at build time via .env.production. In dev
-// (no VITE_APP_URL set) falls back to the local web dev server so "Copy
-// link" in a dev build yields a URL that points at the running dev
-// frontend, not the prod host. Matches the fallback used in pages/login.tsx.
-const APP_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_APP_URL || "http://localhost:3000";
+function requireRuntimeAppUrl(scope: string): string {
+  const runtimeConfig = window.desktopAPI.runtimeConfig;
+  if (!runtimeConfig.ok) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Invariant violated: ${scope} rendered before App accepted runtime config`,
+    );
+  }
+  return runtimeConfig.config.appUrl;
+}
 
 /**
  * Extract the leading workspace slug from a path, or null if the path isn't
@@ -85,6 +89,11 @@ function tryRouteToOverlay(path: string, router?: DataRouter): boolean {
   return false;
 }
 
+function routerLocationPath(router: DataRouter): string {
+  const { pathname, search, hash } = router.state.location;
+  return `${pathname}${search ?? ""}${hash ?? ""}`;
+}
+
 /**
  * Intercept pushes that change workspace. Returns `true` if the navigation
  * was delegated to the tab store (caller should NOT proceed).
@@ -104,6 +113,37 @@ function tryRouteToOtherWorkspace(path: string): boolean {
   return true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Intercept pushes originating in a pinned tab and force them into a new
+ * tab. Returns `true` if the navigation was redirected (caller should NOT
+ * proceed). Pathname-only changes (search / hash / same-page state) are
+ * allowed through so pinned filter / drawer / form-state interactions
+ * still work — see RFC §3 D2a (FINAL: any pathname change → new tab) and
+ * D2b (FINAL: same pathname → allowed in pinned tab).
+ *
+ * Dedupe is preserved (D4a): `openTab` activates an existing same-path tab
+ * if one exists, otherwise creates a new one. The newly-focused tab is
+ * activated foreground — a pinned-tab push is an explicit user action, not
+ * a background cmd+click, so the focus follows.
+ */
+function tryRouteToPinnedNewTab(path: string): boolean {
+  const store = useTabStore.getState();
+  const active = getActiveTab(store);
+  if (!active?.pinned) return false;
+
+  // Use the live router pathname rather than `active.path` so query-only
+  // navigations performed via React Router (which only sync pathname back
+  // to the store) still compare correctly.
+  const currentPathname = active.router.state.location.pathname;
+  const newPathname = path.split("?")[0].split("#")[0];
+  if (currentPathname === newPathname) return false;
+
+  const icon = resolveRouteIcon(path);
+  const newId = store.openTab(path, path, icon);
+  if (newId) store.setActiveTab(newId);
+  return true;
+}
+
 /**
  * Root-level navigation provider for components outside the per-tab
  * RouterProviders (sidebar, search dialog, modals, WindowOverlay contents).
@@ -116,6 +156,7 @@ export function DesktopNavigationProvider({
 }: {
   children: React.ReactNode;
 }) {
+  const appUrl = requireRuntimeAppUrl("DesktopNavigationProvider");
   // Primitive-only subscriptions so this component doesn't re-render on
   // unrelated store updates (e.g. an inactive tab's router tick). We
   // resolve the active router here only to subscribe once per tab switch.
@@ -159,7 +200,9 @@ export function DesktopNavigationProvider({
         }
         const active = currentActiveTab();
         if (tryRouteToOverlay(path, active?.router)) return;
+        if (active && routerLocationPath(active.router) === path) return;
         if (tryRouteToOtherWorkspace(path)) return;
+        if (tryRouteToPinnedNewTab(path)) return;
         active?.router.navigate(path);
       },
       replace: (path: string) => {
@@ -173,9 +216,16 @@ export function DesktopNavigationProvider({
       },
       pathname: location.pathname,
       searchParams: new URLSearchParams(location.search),
-      openInNewTab: (path: string, title?: string) => {
+      openInNewTab: (
+        path: string,
+        title?: string,
+        opts?: { activate?: boolean },
+      ) => {
         // Cross-workspace "open in new tab" switches workspace and opens
-        // the path there; same-workspace just adds a tab in the current group.
+        // the path there (focus follows the user); same-workspace defaults
+        // to background tab (browser cmd+click semantics). Callers that
+        // represent an explicit "Open in new tab" CTA pass `activate: true`
+        // to bring the new tab to the foreground.
         const slug = extractWorkspaceSlug(path);
         const store = useTabStore.getState();
         if (slug && slug !== store.activeWorkspaceSlug) {
@@ -183,12 +233,14 @@ export function DesktopNavigationProvider({
           return;
         }
         const icon = resolveRouteIcon(path);
-        const tabId = store.openTab(path, title ?? path, icon);
-        if (tabId) store.setActiveTab(tabId);
+        const newId = store.openTab(path, title ?? path, icon);
+        if (opts?.activate && newId) {
+          store.setActiveTab(newId);
+        }
       },
-      getShareableUrl: (path: string) => `${APP_URL}${path}`,
+      getShareableUrl: (path: string) => `${appUrl}${path}`,
     }),
-    [location],
+    [appUrl, location],
   );
 
   return <NavigationProvider value={adapter}>{children}</NavigationProvider>;
@@ -211,6 +263,7 @@ export function TabNavigationProvider({
   router: DataRouter;
   children: React.ReactNode;
 }) {
+  const appUrl = requireRuntimeAppUrl("TabNavigationProvider");
   const [location, setLocation] = useState(router.state.location);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -224,7 +277,9 @@ export function TabNavigationProvider({
     () => ({
       push: (path: string) => {
         if (tryRouteToOverlay(path, router)) return;
+        if (routerLocationPath(router) === path) return;
         if (tryRouteToOtherWorkspace(path)) return;
+        if (tryRouteToPinnedNewTab(path)) return;
         router.navigate(path);
       },
       replace: (path: string) => {
@@ -235,7 +290,11 @@ export function TabNavigationProvider({
       back: () => router.navigate(-1),
       pathname: location.pathname,
       searchParams: new URLSearchParams(location.search),
-      openInNewTab: (path: string, title?: string) => {
+      openInNewTab: (
+        path: string,
+        title?: string,
+        opts?: { activate?: boolean },
+      ) => {
         const slug = extractWorkspaceSlug(path);
         const store = useTabStore.getState();
         if (slug && slug !== store.activeWorkspaceSlug) {
@@ -243,12 +302,14 @@ export function TabNavigationProvider({
           return;
         }
         const icon = resolveRouteIcon(path);
-        const tabId = store.openTab(path, title ?? path, icon);
-        if (tabId) store.setActiveTab(tabId);
+        const newId = store.openTab(path, title ?? path, icon);
+        if (opts?.activate && newId) {
+          store.setActiveTab(newId);
+        }
       },
-      getShareableUrl: (path: string) => `${APP_URL}${path}`,
+      getShareableUrl: (path: string) => `${appUrl}${path}`,
     }),
-    [router, location],
+    [appUrl, router, location],
   );
 
   return <NavigationProvider value={adapter}>{children}</NavigationProvider>;

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/routes.tsx

@@ -11,21 +11,54 @@ import { ProjectDetailPage } from "./pages/project-detail-page";
 import { AutopilotDetailPage } from "./pages/autopilot-detail-page";
 import { SkillDetailPage } from "./pages/skill-detail-page";
 import { AgentDetailPage } from "./pages/agent-detail-page";
+import { MemberDetailPage } from "./pages/member-detail-page";
 import { RuntimeDetailPage } from "./pages/runtime-detail-page";
+import { AttachmentPreviewRoute } from "./pages/attachment-preview-page";
 import { IssuesPage } from "@multica/views/issues/components";
 import { ProjectsPage } from "@multica/views/projects/components";
+import { DashboardPage } from "@multica/views/dashboard";
 import { AutopilotsPage } from "@multica/views/autopilots/components";
 import { MyIssuesPage } from "@multica/views/my-issues";
 import { SkillsPage } from "@multica/views/skills";
 import { DesktopRuntimesPage } from "./components/desktop-runtimes-page";
 import { AgentsPage } from "@multica/views/agents";
+import { SquadsPage, SquadDetailPage as SquadDetailPageView } from "@multica/views/squads/components";
 import { InboxPage } from "@multica/views/inbox";
 import { SettingsPage } from "@multica/views/settings";
+import { useT } from "@multica/views/i18n";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@multica/ui/components/common/error-boundary";
 import { Download, Server } from "lucide-react";
 import { DaemonSettingsTab } from "./components/daemon-settings-tab";
 import { UpdatesSettingsTab } from "./components/updates-settings-tab";
 import { WorkspaceRouteLayout } from "./components/workspace-route-layout";
 
+/**
+ * Wraps `SettingsPage` so the desktop-only extra tabs can pull their labels
+ * from i18n. The route element has to be a component (not a literal JSX
+ * value) for `useT` to run.
+ */
+function DesktopSettingsRoute() {
+  const { t } = useT("settings");
+  return (
+    <SettingsPage
+      extraAccountTabs={[
+        {
+          value: "daemon",
+          label: "Daemon",
+          icon: Server,
+          content: <DaemonSettingsTab />,
+        },
+        {
+          value: "updates",
+          label: t(($) => $.desktop.tabs.updates),
+          icon: Download,
+          content: <UpdatesSettingsTab />,
+        },
+      ]}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * Sets document.title from the deepest matched route's handle.title.
  * The tab system observes document.title via MutationObserver.
@@ -83,7 +116,15 @@ export const appRoutes: RouteObject[] = [
         element: <WorkspaceRouteLayout />,
         children: [
           { index: true, element: <Navigate to="issues" replace /> },
-          { path: "issues", element: <IssuesPage />, handle: { title: "Issues" } },
+          {
+            path: "issues",
+            element: (
+              <ErrorBoundary>
+                <IssuesPage />
+              </ErrorBoundary>
+            ),
+            handle: { title: "Issues" },
+          },
           {
             path: "issues/:id",
             element: <IssueDetailPage />,
@@ -136,27 +177,31 @@ export const appRoutes: RouteObject[] = [
             element: <AgentDetailPage />,
             handle: { title: "Agent" },
           },
+          {
+            path: "members/:id",
+            element: <MemberDetailPage />,
+            handle: { title: "Member" },
+          },
+          { path: "squads", element: <SquadsPage />, handle: { title: "Squads" } },
+          {
+            path: "squads/:id",
+            element: <SquadDetailPageView />,
+            handle: { title: "Squad" },
+          },
           { path: "inbox", element: <InboxPage />, handle: { title: "Inbox" } },
+          {
+            path: "attachments/:id/preview",
+            element: <AttachmentPreviewRoute />,
+            handle: { title: "Attachment" },
+          },
+          {
+            path: "usage",
+            element: <DashboardPage />,
+            handle: { title: "Usage" },
+          },
           {
             path: "settings",
-            element: (
-              <SettingsPage
-                extraAccountTabs={[
-                  {
-                    value: "daemon",
-                    label: "Daemon",
-                    icon: Server,
-                    content: <DaemonSettingsTab />,
-                  },
-                  {
-                    value: "updates",
-                    label: "Updates",
-                    icon: Download,
-                    content: <UpdatesSettingsTab />,
-                  },
-                ]}
-              />
-            ),
+            element: <DesktopSettingsRoute />,
             handle: { title: "Settings" },
           },
         ],

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/stores/tab-store.test.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ vi.mock("../routes", () => ({
 import {
   sanitizeTabPath,
   migrateV1ToV2,
+  migrateV2ToV3,
   useTabStore,
 } from "./tab-store";
 
@@ -180,6 +181,61 @@ describe("useTabStore actions", () => {
     expect(s.byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].id).not.toBe(onlyTabId); // fresh tab
   });
 
+  it("defers disposing the closed tab router until after the store update", () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    try {
+      const store = useTabStore.getState();
+      store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+      const closedTabId = store.addTab("/acme/settings", "Settings", "Settings");
+      const closingTab = useTabStore
+        .getState()
+        .byWorkspace.acme.tabs.find((t) => t.id === closedTabId);
+      const dispose = vi.mocked(closingTab!.router.dispose);
+
+      store.closeTab(closedTabId);
+
+      expect(dispose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(
+        useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs.some((t) => t.id === closedTabId),
+      ).toBe(false);
+
+      vi.runAllTimers();
+
+      expect(dispose).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    } finally {
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("ignores router-sync updates from a tab after it has been closed", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    const closedTabId = store.addTab("/acme/settings", "Settings", "Settings");
+
+    store.closeTab(closedTabId);
+    const before = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme;
+
+    store.updateTab(closedTabId, { path: "/acme/runtimes", icon: "Monitor" });
+    store.updateTabHistory(closedTabId, 1, 2);
+
+    expect(useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme).toBe(before);
+    expect(
+      useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs.some((t) => t.id === closedTabId),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("does not replace the tab group for no-op router-sync updates", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    const tab = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0];
+    const before = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme;
+
+    store.updateTab(tab.id, { path: tab.path, icon: tab.icon, title: tab.title });
+    store.updateTabHistory(tab.id, tab.historyIndex, tab.historyLength);
+
+    expect(useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme).toBe(before);
+  });
+
   it("validateWorkspaceSlugs drops groups for slugs not in the valid set and repoints active", () => {
     const store = useTabStore.getState();
     store.switchWorkspace("acme");
@@ -222,3 +278,155 @@ describe("useTabStore actions", () => {
     expect(useTabStore.getState().activeWorkspaceSlug).toBe("acme");
   });
 });
+
+describe("togglePin", () => {
+  it("flips a tab's pinned state", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    const tabId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].id;
+    expect(useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].pinned).toBe(false);
+
+    store.togglePin(tabId);
+    expect(useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].pinned).toBe(true);
+
+    store.togglePin(tabId);
+    expect(useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].pinned).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("moves a newly-pinned tab to the start of the pinned zone", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme"); // creates default unpinned tab at index 0
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    store.addTab("/acme/agents", "Agents", "Bot");
+    const agentsId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[2].id;
+
+    store.togglePin(agentsId);
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    expect(tabs[0].id).toBe(agentsId);
+    expect(tabs[0].pinned).toBe(true);
+    expect(tabs[1].pinned).toBe(false);
+    expect(tabs[2].pinned).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("appends a second pinned tab after the first pinned tab", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    store.addTab("/acme/agents", "Agents", "Bot");
+    const projectsId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[1].id;
+    const agentsId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[2].id;
+
+    store.togglePin(agentsId);
+    store.togglePin(projectsId);
+
+    // Both pinned, in the order they were pinned (agents first, projects
+    // second), then the unpinned default tab.
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.id)).toEqual([
+      agentsId,
+      projectsId,
+      tabs[2].id,
+    ]);
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.pinned)).toEqual([true, true, false]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns an unpinned tab to the start of the unpinned zone", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    const issuesId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].id;
+    const projectsId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[1].id;
+
+    // Pin both, then unpin one.
+    store.togglePin(issuesId);
+    store.togglePin(projectsId);
+    store.togglePin(issuesId);
+
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.id)).toEqual([projectsId, issuesId]);
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.pinned)).toEqual([true, false]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("moveTab boundary clamp", () => {
+  it("clamps a pinned-tab move so it never crosses into the unpinned zone", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    store.addTab("/acme/agents", "Agents", "Bot");
+    const issuesId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].id;
+
+    store.togglePin(issuesId); // [issues(pinned), projects, agents]
+
+    // User tries to drag the pinned tab to index 2 (unpinned zone end).
+    store.moveTab(0, 2);
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    // It should be clamped to index 0 — the only pinned slot — i.e. unchanged.
+    expect(tabs[0].id).toBe(issuesId);
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.pinned)).toEqual([true, false, false]);
+  });
+
+  it("clamps an unpinned-tab move so it never crosses into the pinned zone", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    store.addTab("/acme/agents", "Agents", "Bot");
+    const issuesId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[0].id;
+    const agentsId = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs[2].id;
+
+    store.togglePin(issuesId); // [issues(pinned), projects, agents]
+
+    // User tries to drag agents (index 2) to index 0 (pinned zone).
+    store.moveTab(2, 0);
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    // Clamped to index 1 — start of the unpinned zone.
+    expect(tabs[0].id).toBe(issuesId);
+    expect(tabs[1].id).toBe(agentsId);
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.pinned)).toEqual([true, false, false]);
+  });
+
+  it("reorders freely within the same zone", () => {
+    const store = useTabStore.getState();
+    store.switchWorkspace("acme");
+    store.addTab("/acme/projects", "Projects", "FolderKanban");
+    store.addTab("/acme/agents", "Agents", "Bot");
+
+    // All unpinned; move agents (2) to position 0.
+    store.moveTab(2, 0);
+    const tabs = useTabStore.getState().byWorkspace.acme.tabs;
+    expect(tabs.map((t) => t.path)).toEqual([
+      "/acme/agents",
+      "/acme/issues",
+      "/acme/projects",
+    ]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("migrateV2ToV3", () => {
+  it("adds pinned=false to every persisted tab", () => {
+    const v2 = {
+      activeWorkspaceSlug: "acme",
+      byWorkspace: {
+        acme: {
+          activeTabId: "t1",
+          tabs: [
+            { id: "t1", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo" },
+            { id: "t2", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "FolderKanban" },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    const v3 = migrateV2ToV3(v2);
+    expect(v3.activeWorkspaceSlug).toBe("acme");
+    expect(v3.byWorkspace.acme.tabs).toEqual([
+      { id: "t1", path: "/acme/issues", title: "Issues", icon: "ListTodo", pinned: false },
+      { id: "t2", path: "/acme/projects", title: "Projects", icon: "FolderKanban", pinned: false },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("handles missing byWorkspace gracefully", () => {
+    const v3 = migrateV2ToV3({ activeWorkspaceSlug: null } as Parameters<typeof migrateV2ToV3>[0]);
+    expect(v3.byWorkspace).toEqual({});
+    expect(v3.activeWorkspaceSlug).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/renderer/src/stores/tab-store.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@ export interface Tab {
   router: DataRouter;
   historyIndex: number;
   historyLength: number;
+  /**
+   * Pinned tabs render at the left of the tab bar as icon-only, suppress the
+   * X close button, and turn any `navigation.push()` originating in them into
+   * an `openInNewTab()` so they stay parked on their original path. Pinning
+   * is invariant-preserving: pinned tabs always come before unpinned tabs in
+   * a workspace's `tabs` array; `togglePin` / `moveTab` enforce this.
+   */
+  pinned: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface WorkspaceTabGroup {
@@ -78,8 +86,20 @@ interface TabStore {
   updateTab: (tabId: string, patch: Partial<Pick<Tab, "path" | "title" | "icon">>) => void;
   /** Patch history tracking of a tab. Finds across groups. */
   updateTabHistory: (tabId: string, historyIndex: number, historyLength: number) => void;
-  /** Reorder within the active workspace's group only. */
+  /**
+   * Reorder within the active workspace's group only. Clamped so a tab can
+   * never cross the pinned / unpinned boundary — a drag that would move a
+   * pinned tab into the unpinned zone (or vice versa) is dropped at the
+   * boundary instead. This keeps the "pinned tabs first" invariant without
+   * requiring callers to know about it.
+   */
   moveTab: (fromIndex: number, toIndex: number) => void;
+  /**
+   * Flip a tab's pinned state. Pinning moves it to the end of the pinned
+   * zone; unpinning moves it to the start of the unpinned zone. Both
+   * preserve the "pinned tabs before unpinned tabs" invariant.
+   */
+  togglePin: (tabId: string) => void;
   /**
    * After the workspace list arrives/changes (login, realtime delete), drop
    * any tab group whose slug is no longer in `validSlugs`, and repoint
@@ -190,9 +210,17 @@ function makeTab(path: string, title: string, icon: string): Tab {
     router: createTabRouter(path),
     historyIndex: 0,
     historyLength: 1,
+    pinned: false,
   };
 }
 
+/** Index of the first unpinned tab in a group (== pinned count). */
+function pinnedBoundary(tabs: Tab[]): number {
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < tabs.length && tabs[i].pinned) i++;
+  return i;
+}
+
 /** Default entry point for a workspace — its issues list. */
 function defaultPathFor(slug: string): string {
   return `/${slug}/issues`;
@@ -350,7 +378,10 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
         const { slug, group, index } = hit;
 
         const closing = group.tabs[index];
-        closing.router.dispose();
+        const disposeClosingRouter = () => {
+          // Let React unmount the tab's RouterProvider before disposing it.
+          window.setTimeout(() => closing.router.dispose(), 0);
+        };
 
         if (group.tabs.length === 1) {
           // Last tab in this workspace — reseed a default so the workspace
@@ -363,6 +394,7 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
               [slug]: { tabs: [fresh], activeTabId: fresh.id },
             },
           });
+          disposeClosingRouter();
           return;
         }
 
@@ -378,6 +410,7 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
             [slug]: { tabs: nextTabs, activeTabId: nextActiveTabId },
           },
         });
+        disposeClosingRouter();
       },
 
       setActiveTab(tabId) {
@@ -402,6 +435,13 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
         const { slug, group, index } = hit;
         const current = group.tabs[index];
         const next: Tab = { ...current, ...patch };
+        if (
+          next.path === current.path &&
+          next.title === current.title &&
+          next.icon === current.icon
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
         const nextTabs = [...group.tabs];
         nextTabs[index] = next;
         set({
@@ -418,6 +458,12 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
         if (!hit) return;
         const { slug, group, index } = hit;
         const current = group.tabs[index];
+        if (
+          current.historyIndex === historyIndex &&
+          current.historyLength === historyLength
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
         const next: Tab = { ...current, historyIndex, historyLength };
         const nextTabs = [...group.tabs];
         nextTabs[index] = next;
@@ -435,17 +481,63 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
         if (!activeWorkspaceSlug) return;
         const group = byWorkspace[activeWorkspaceSlug];
         if (!group) return;
+        if (fromIndex < 0 || fromIndex >= group.tabs.length) return;
+
+        // Clamp the drop position to within the source tab's group (pinned vs
+        // unpinned) so the "pinned tabs first" invariant survives drag-reorder.
+        // Pinned zone is [0, boundary); unpinned zone is [boundary, length).
+        const boundary = pinnedBoundary(group.tabs);
+        const source = group.tabs[fromIndex];
+        let clampedTo: number;
+        if (source.pinned) {
+          // boundary is exclusive upper bound for pinned-zone indices.
+          clampedTo = Math.max(0, Math.min(toIndex, boundary - 1));
+        } else {
+          clampedTo = Math.max(boundary, Math.min(toIndex, group.tabs.length - 1));
+        }
+        if (clampedTo === fromIndex) return;
         set({
           byWorkspace: {
             ...byWorkspace,
             [activeWorkspaceSlug]: {
               ...group,
-              tabs: arrayMove(group.tabs, fromIndex, toIndex),
+              tabs: arrayMove(group.tabs, fromIndex, clampedTo),
             },
           },
         });
       },
 
+      togglePin(tabId) {
+        const { byWorkspace } = get();
+        const hit = findTabLocation(byWorkspace, tabId);
+        if (!hit) return;
+        const { slug, group, index } = hit;
+        const current = group.tabs[index];
+        const nextTab: Tab = { ...current, pinned: !current.pinned };
+
+        // Remove from current position, then insert at the new zone boundary:
+        //   pinning   → end of pinned zone (just before first unpinned tab)
+        //   unpinning → start of unpinned zone (right after last pinned tab)
+        const withoutCurrent = [
+          ...group.tabs.slice(0, index),
+          ...group.tabs.slice(index + 1),
+        ];
+        const newBoundary = pinnedBoundary(withoutCurrent);
+        const insertAt = newBoundary;
+        const nextTabs = [
+          ...withoutCurrent.slice(0, insertAt),
+          nextTab,
+          ...withoutCurrent.slice(insertAt),
+        ];
+
+        set({
+          byWorkspace: {
+            ...byWorkspace,
+            [slug]: { ...group, tabs: nextTabs },
+          },
+        });
+      },
+
       validateWorkspaceSlugs(validSlugs) {
         const { activeWorkspaceSlug, byWorkspace } = get();
         let changed = false;
@@ -479,17 +571,23 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
     }),
     {
       name: "multica_tabs",
-      version: 2,
+      version: 3,
       storage: createJSONStorage(() => createPersistStorage(defaultStorage)),
       migrate: (persistedState, version) => {
         // v1 → v2: flat `tabs` array → per-workspace grouping.
         // Tabs whose path isn't workspace-scoped (root `/`, login, etc.)
         // are dropped — they have no workspace to belong to, and the new
         // model's invariant is "every tab lives in a workspace group".
-        if (version < 2 && persistedState && typeof persistedState === "object") {
-          return migrateV1ToV2(persistedState as Partial<V1Persisted>);
+        let state = persistedState;
+        if (version < 2 && state && typeof state === "object") {
+          state = migrateV1ToV2(state as Partial<V1Persisted>);
         }
-        return persistedState as V2Persisted;
+        // v2 → v3: introduce `Tab.pinned`. Existing tabs default to
+        // unpinned; pin ordering invariant trivially holds (no pinned tabs).
+        if (version < 3 && state && typeof state === "object") {
+          state = migrateV2ToV3(state as V2Persisted);
+        }
+        return state as V3Persisted;
       },
       partialize: (state) => ({
         activeWorkspaceSlug: state.activeWorkspaceSlug,
@@ -499,15 +597,19 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
             {
               activeTabId: group.activeTabId,
               tabs: group.tabs.map(
-                ({ router: _router, historyIndex: _hi, historyLength: _hl, ...rest }) =>
-                  rest,
+                ({
+                  router: _router,
+                  historyIndex: _hi,
+                  historyLength: _hl,
+                  ...rest
+                }) => rest,
               ),
             },
           ]),
         ),
       }),
       merge: (persistedState, currentState) => {
-        const persisted = persistedState as Partial<V2Persisted> | undefined;
+        const persisted = persistedState as Partial<V3Persisted> | undefined;
         if (!persisted?.byWorkspace) return currentState;
 
         const byWorkspace: Record<string, WorkspaceTabGroup> = {};
@@ -534,9 +636,14 @@ export const useTabStore = create<TabStore>()(
               router: createTabRouter(clean),
               historyIndex: 0,
               historyLength: 1,
+              pinned: pTab.pinned === true,
             });
           }
           if (tabs.length === 0) continue;
+          // Enforce the "pinned first" invariant on rehydration in case a
+          // user (or a buggy older write) persisted the pinned tabs out of
+          // order. Stable sort preserves intra-group order.
+          tabs.sort((a, b) => (a.pinned === b.pinned ? 0 : a.pinned ? -1 : 1));
           const activeTabId = tabs.some((t) => t.id === pGroup.activeTabId)
             ? pGroup.activeTabId
             : tabs[0].id;
@@ -587,6 +694,38 @@ interface V2Persisted {
   byWorkspace: Record<string, V2PersistedGroup>;
 }
 
+interface V3PersistedTab {
+  id: string;
+  path: string;
+  title: string;
+  icon: string;
+  pinned: boolean;
+}
+
+interface V3PersistedGroup {
+  tabs: V3PersistedTab[];
+  activeTabId: string;
+}
+
+interface V3Persisted {
+  activeWorkspaceSlug: string | null;
+  byWorkspace: Record<string, V3PersistedGroup>;
+}
+
+export function migrateV2ToV3(v2: V2Persisted): V3Persisted {
+  const byWorkspace: Record<string, V3PersistedGroup> = {};
+  for (const [slug, group] of Object.entries(v2.byWorkspace ?? {})) {
+    byWorkspace[slug] = {
+      activeTabId: group.activeTabId,
+      tabs: group.tabs.map((t) => ({ ...t, pinned: false })),
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    activeWorkspaceSlug: v2.activeWorkspaceSlug ?? null,
+    byWorkspace,
+  };
+}
+
 export function migrateV1ToV2(v1: Partial<V1Persisted>): V2Persisted {
   const byWorkspace: Record<string, V2PersistedGroup> = {};
   const oldTabs = v1.tabs ?? [];

apps/desktop/src/shared/navigation-gestures.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  isNavigationGesture,
+  navigationGestureFromSwipe,
+} from "./navigation-gestures";
+
+describe("navigationGestureFromSwipe", () => {
+  it("maps horizontal macOS swipe directions to browser-style history", () => {
+    expect(navigationGestureFromSwipe("right")).toBe("back");
+    expect(navigationGestureFromSwipe("left")).toBe("forward");
+  });
+
+  it("ignores vertical and unknown directions", () => {
+    expect(navigationGestureFromSwipe("up")).toBeNull();
+    expect(navigationGestureFromSwipe("down")).toBeNull();
+    expect(navigationGestureFromSwipe("sideways")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isNavigationGesture", () => {
+  it("accepts only the renderer navigation gestures", () => {
+    expect(isNavigationGesture("back")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNavigationGesture("forward")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNavigationGesture("right")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNavigationGesture(null)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/shared/navigation-gestures.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+export const NAVIGATION_GESTURE_CHANNEL = "navigation:gesture";
+
+export type NavigationGesture = "back" | "forward";
+
+export function isNavigationGesture(value: unknown): value is NavigationGesture {
+  return value === "back" || value === "forward";
+}
+
+export function navigationGestureFromSwipe(
+  direction: string,
+): NavigationGesture | null {
+  if (direction === "right") return "back";
+  if (direction === "left") return "forward";
+  return null;
+}

apps/desktop/src/shared/runtime-config.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG,
+  deriveWsUrl,
+  parseRuntimeConfig,
+  runtimeConfigFromDevEnv,
+} from "./runtime-config";
+
+describe("runtime config", () => {
+  it("uses cloud defaults without a desktop.json file", () => {
+    expect(DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://api.multica.ai",
+      wsUrl: "wss://api.multica.ai/ws",
+      appUrl: "https://multica.ai",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("derives https/wss compatible URLs from apiUrl", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseRuntimeConfig(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          schemaVersion: 1,
+          apiUrl: "https://congvc-x99.taila6fa8a.ts.net:18443",
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://congvc-x99.taila6fa8a.ts.net:18443",
+      wsUrl: "wss://congvc-x99.taila6fa8a.ts.net:18443/ws",
+      appUrl: "https://congvc-x99.taila6fa8a.ts.net:18443",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("strips the leading api. label when deriving appUrl", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseRuntimeConfig(
+        JSON.stringify({ schemaVersion: 1, apiUrl: "https://api.multica.ai" }),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://api.multica.ai",
+      wsUrl: "wss://api.multica.ai/ws",
+      appUrl: "https://multica.ai",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("derives ws for http api URLs", () => {
+    expect(deriveWsUrl("http://localhost:8080")).toBe("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
+  });
+
+  it("accepts explicit appUrl and wsUrl", () => {
+    expect(
+      parseRuntimeConfig(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          schemaVersion: 1,
+          apiUrl: "https://api.example.com/",
+          wsUrl: "wss://ws.example.com/socket/",
+          appUrl: "https://app.example.com/",
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+      wsUrl: "wss://ws.example.com/socket",
+      appUrl: "https://app.example.com",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects invalid JSON", () => {
+    expect(() => parseRuntimeConfig("{")).toThrow(/Invalid desktop runtime config JSON/);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects unsupported schema versions", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      parseRuntimeConfig(JSON.stringify({ schemaVersion: 2, apiUrl: "https://api.example.com" })),
+    ).toThrow(/schemaVersion/);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects non-http api schemes", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      parseRuntimeConfig(JSON.stringify({ schemaVersion: 1, apiUrl: "file:///tmp/multica" })),
+    ).toThrow(/apiUrl must use http or https/);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects non-ws websocket schemes", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      parseRuntimeConfig(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          schemaVersion: 1,
+          apiUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+          wsUrl: "https://api.example.com/ws",
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toThrow(/wsUrl must use ws or wss/);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves electron-vite dev env precedence", () => {
+    expect(
+      runtimeConfigFromDevEnv({
+        apiUrl: "http://dev-api.example.test:8080/",
+        wsUrl: "ws://dev-api.example.test:8080/ws/",
+        appUrl: "http://dev-app.example.test:3000/",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "http://dev-api.example.test:8080",
+      wsUrl: "ws://dev-api.example.test:8080/ws",
+      appUrl: "http://dev-app.example.test:3000",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to local web URL when dev apiUrl is localhost", () => {
+    expect(runtimeConfigFromDevEnv({ apiUrl: "http://localhost:8080" })).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "http://localhost:8080",
+      wsUrl: "ws://localhost:8080/ws",
+      appUrl: "http://localhost:3000",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("derives dev appUrl by stripping the leading api. label", () => {
+    // When the dev renderer is pointed at a remote backend (e.g. a test
+    // environment), copy-link / share URLs must reflect that environment's
+    // public web host, not the api host. Multica's convention exposes the
+    // api at `api.<web-host>`, so stripping the leading label gives the
+    // right web origin without a separate VITE_APP_URL.
+    expect(
+      runtimeConfigFromDevEnv({ apiUrl: "https://api.test.multica.ai" }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://api.test.multica.ai",
+      wsUrl: "wss://api.test.multica.ai/ws",
+      appUrl: "https://test.multica.ai",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("dev VITE_APP_URL still wins over apiUrl-derived value", () => {
+    expect(
+      runtimeConfigFromDevEnv({
+        apiUrl: "https://api.test.multica.ai",
+        appUrl: "https://staging.multica.ai",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      schemaVersion: 1,
+      apiUrl: "https://api.test.multica.ai",
+      wsUrl: "wss://api.test.multica.ai/ws",
+      appUrl: "https://staging.multica.ai",
+    });
+  });
+});

apps/desktop/src/shared/runtime-config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+export interface RuntimeConfig {
+  schemaVersion: 1;
+  apiUrl: string;
+  wsUrl: string;
+  appUrl: string;
+}
+
+export interface RuntimeConfigError {
+  message: string;
+}
+
+export type RuntimeConfigResult =
+  | { ok: true; config: RuntimeConfig }
+  | { ok: false; error: RuntimeConfigError };
+
+export const DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG: RuntimeConfig = Object.freeze({
+  schemaVersion: 1,
+  apiUrl: "https://api.multica.ai",
+  wsUrl: "wss://api.multica.ai/ws",
+  appUrl: "https://multica.ai",
+});
+
+const LOCAL_DEV_RUNTIME_CONFIG: RuntimeConfig = Object.freeze({
+  schemaVersion: 1,
+  apiUrl: "http://localhost:8080",
+  wsUrl: "ws://localhost:8080/ws",
+  appUrl: "http://localhost:3000",
+});
+
+export interface RuntimeConfigEnv {
+  apiUrl?: string;
+  wsUrl?: string;
+  appUrl?: string;
+}
+
+export function runtimeConfigFromDevEnv(env: RuntimeConfigEnv): RuntimeConfig {
+  const apiUrl = normalizeHttpUrl(
+    env.apiUrl || LOCAL_DEV_RUNTIME_CONFIG.apiUrl,
+    "VITE_API_URL",
+  );
+  return {
+    schemaVersion: 1,
+    apiUrl,
+    wsUrl: env.wsUrl
+      ? normalizeWsUrl(env.wsUrl, "VITE_WS_URL")
+      : deriveWsUrl(apiUrl),
+    appUrl: env.appUrl
+      ? normalizeHttpUrl(env.appUrl, "VITE_APP_URL")
+      : deriveDevAppUrl(apiUrl),
+  };
+}
+
+export function parseRuntimeConfig(raw: string): RuntimeConfig {
+  let parsed: unknown;
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Invalid desktop runtime config JSON: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : "parse failed"}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== "object" || Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+    throw new Error("Invalid desktop runtime config: expected a JSON object");
+  }
+
+  const obj = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+  if (obj.schemaVersion !== 1) {
+    throw new Error("Unsupported desktop runtime config schemaVersion: expected 1");
+  }
+
+  const apiUrl = requiredString(obj.apiUrl, "apiUrl");
+  const appUrl = optionalString(obj.appUrl, "appUrl");
+  const wsUrl = optionalString(obj.wsUrl, "wsUrl");
+
+  const normalizedApiUrl = normalizeHttpUrl(apiUrl, "apiUrl");
+  return {
+    schemaVersion: 1,
+    apiUrl: normalizedApiUrl,
+    wsUrl: wsUrl ? normalizeWsUrl(wsUrl, "wsUrl") : deriveWsUrl(normalizedApiUrl),
+    appUrl: appUrl ? normalizeHttpUrl(appUrl, "appUrl") : deriveAppUrl(normalizedApiUrl),
+  };
+}
+
+export function deriveWsUrl(apiUrl: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(apiUrl);
+  if (url.protocol === "https:") url.protocol = "wss:";
+  else if (url.protocol === "http:") url.protocol = "ws:";
+  else throw new Error("apiUrl must use http or https");
+  url.pathname = joinPath(url.pathname, "/ws");
+  url.search = "";
+  url.hash = "";
+  return trimTrailingSlash(url.toString());
+}
+
+// Convention: api hosts are exposed at `api.<web-host>` (api.multica.ai →
+// multica.ai, api.test.multica.ai → test.multica.ai). Strip the leading
+// `api.` label so a single `apiUrl` configuration produces the right
+// shareable web URL. Hosts that don't match the convention (no leading
+// `api.` label, or short two-label hosts like `api.local`) fall through
+// untouched — those deployments must set `appUrl` explicitly.
+export function deriveAppUrl(apiUrl: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(apiUrl);
+  url.pathname = "";
+  url.search = "";
+  url.hash = "";
+  if (url.hostname.startsWith("api.") && url.hostname.split(".").length >= 3) {
+    url.hostname = url.hostname.slice("api.".length);
+  }
+  return trimTrailingSlash(url.toString());
+}
+
+// Dev variant: when the api host is the local backend (`localhost:8080` /
+// `127.0.0.1:8080`), the renderer is served from a different port (3000),
+// so deriving by host alone is wrong. Fall back to the local dev web URL
+// in that case; for any non-local host (e.g. a remote test environment),
+// trust the production-style derivation so `apiUrl=https://api.test.x`
+// yields `appUrl=https://test.x` without a separate VITE_APP_URL.
+export function deriveDevAppUrl(apiUrl: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(apiUrl);
+  if (url.hostname === "localhost" || url.hostname === "127.0.0.1") {
+    return LOCAL_DEV_RUNTIME_CONFIG.appUrl;
+  }
+  return deriveAppUrl(apiUrl);
+}
+
+function requiredString(value: unknown, field: string): string {
+  if (typeof value !== "string" || value.trim().length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must be a non-empty string`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function optionalString(value: unknown, field: string): string | undefined {
+  if (value === undefined) return undefined;
+  if (typeof value !== "string" || value.trim().length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must be a non-empty string when set`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function normalizeHttpUrl(value: string, field: string): string {
+  let url: URL;
+  try {
+    url = new URL(value.trim());
+  } catch {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must be a valid URL`);
+  }
+  if (url.protocol !== "http:" && url.protocol !== "https:") {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must use http or https`);
+  }
+  url.search = "";
+  url.hash = "";
+  return trimTrailingSlash(url.toString());
+}
+
+function normalizeWsUrl(value: string, field: string): string {
+  let url: URL;
+  try {
+    url = new URL(value.trim());
+  } catch {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must be a valid URL`);
+  }
+  if (url.protocol !== "ws:" && url.protocol !== "wss:") {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid desktop runtime config: ${field} must use ws or wss`);
+  }
+  url.search = "";
+  url.hash = "";
+  return trimTrailingSlash(url.toString());
+}
+
+function joinPath(base: string, suffix: string): string {
+  const normalizedBase = base.endsWith("/") ? base.slice(0, -1) : base;
+  return `${normalizedBase}${suffix}`;
+}
+
+function trimTrailingSlash(value: string): string {
+  return value.replace(/\/+$/, "");
+}

apps/docs/app/[lang]/[...slug]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ import { notFound } from "next/navigation";
 import defaultMdxComponents from "fumadocs-ui/mdx";
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import { docsAlternates } from "@/lib/site";
+import { i18n, type Lang } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { DocsLocaleProvider, LocaleLink } from "@/components/locale-link";
+
+function asLang(lang: string): Lang {
+  return (i18n.languages as readonly string[]).includes(lang)
+    ? (lang as Lang)
+    : (i18n.defaultLanguage as Lang);
+}
 
 export default async function Page(props: {
   params: Promise<{ lang: string; slug: string[] }>;
@@ -18,13 +26,16 @@ export default async function Page(props: {
   if (!page) notFound();
 
   const MDX = page.data.body;
+  const lang = asLang(params.lang);
 
   return (
     <DocsPage toc={page.data.toc}>
       <DocsTitle>{page.data.title}</DocsTitle>
       <DocsDescription>{page.data.description}</DocsDescription>
       <DocsBody>
-        <MDX components={{ ...defaultMdxComponents }} />
+        <DocsLocaleProvider lang={lang}>
+          <MDX components={{ ...defaultMdxComponents, a: LocaleLink }} />
+        </DocsLocaleProvider>
       </DocsBody>
     </DocsPage>
   );

apps/docs/app/[lang]/page.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Byline, NumberedCards, NumberedCard, NumberedSteps, Step } from "@/comp
 import { i18n, type Lang } from "@/lib/i18n";
 import { homeCopy } from "@/lib/translations";
 import { docsAlternates } from "@/lib/site";
+import { DocsLocaleProvider, LocaleLink } from "@/components/locale-link";
 
 function asLang(lang: string): Lang {
   return (i18n.languages as readonly string[]).includes(lang)
@@ -52,15 +53,18 @@ export default async function Page({
       />
       <Byline items={[...copy.byline]} />
       <DocsBody>
-        <MDX
-          components={{
-            ...defaultMdxComponents,
-            NumberedCards,
-            NumberedCard,
-            NumberedSteps,
-            Step,
-          }}
-        />
+        <DocsLocaleProvider lang={lang}>
+          <MDX
+            components={{
+              ...defaultMdxComponents,
+              a: LocaleLink,
+              NumberedCards,
+              NumberedCard,
+              NumberedSteps,
+              Step,
+            }}
+          />
+        </DocsLocaleProvider>
       </DocsBody>
     </DocsPage>
   );

apps/docs/components/editorial.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+"use client";
+
 import Link from "next/link";
 import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useDocsLocale } from "@/components/locale-link";
+import { prefixLocale } from "@/lib/locale-link";
 
 /**
  * Byline — editorial metadata strip with ruled top + bottom borders.
@@ -55,9 +59,10 @@ export function NumberedCard({
   tag?: string;
   children: ReactNode;
 }) {
+  const lang = useDocsLocale();
   return (
     <Link
-      href={href}
+      href={prefixLocale(href, lang)}
       className="group flex flex-col gap-2.5 border-r border-border px-0 py-5 pr-4 no-underline last:border-r-0 md:px-4 md:first:pl-0 md:last:pr-0"
     >
       <div className="font-mono text-[0.6875rem] uppercase tracking-[0.08em] text-muted-foreground">

apps/docs/components/locale-link.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import {
+  createContext,
+  useContext,
+  type AnchorHTMLAttributes,
+  type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { i18n, type Lang } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { prefixLocale } from "@/lib/locale-link";
+
+const DocsLocaleContext = createContext<Lang>(i18n.defaultLanguage as Lang);
+
+// Wraps the rendered MDX subtree so descendant <LocaleLink>s and any
+// editorial component using `useDocsLocale()` know which language the page
+// was rendered in. Mounted at each docs page entry; never elsewhere.
+export function DocsLocaleProvider({
+  lang,
+  children,
+}: {
+  lang: Lang;
+  children: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <DocsLocaleContext.Provider value={lang}>
+      {children}
+    </DocsLocaleContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+export function useDocsLocale(): Lang {
+  return useContext(DocsLocaleContext);
+}
+
+// Drop-in replacement for the MDX-rendered `<a>` element. Keeps the same
+// surface shape as the default `a` from `defaultMdxComponents` but routes
+// internal links through the locale prefixer + next/link so client-side
+// navigation stays inside the active locale.
+export function LocaleLink({
+  href,
+  ...rest
+}: AnchorHTMLAttributes<HTMLAnchorElement> & { href?: string }) {
+  const lang = useDocsLocale();
+  if (!href) return <a {...rest} />;
+  const final = prefixLocale(href, lang);
+  return <Link href={final} {...rest} />;
+}

apps/docs/content/docs/agents-create.mdx

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL = https://my-proxy.example.com
 System-critical variables cannot be overridden: `PATH`, `HOME`, `USER`, `SHELL`, `TERM`, `CODEX_HOME`, and any key starting with `MULTICA_*` are silently ignored by the daemon (with a warn log — no error).
 
 <Callout type="warning">
-**Values in `custom_env` are stored in plaintext in Multica's server database.** Non-creators and non-workspace-admins can't see the values (the API returns `****`), but they're still visible in database backups and DB audits.
+**Values in `custom_env` are stored in plaintext in Multica's server database.** Agent list/get responses no longer carry env values at all — only an opaque count. Reading values requires a workspace owner or admin to hit the dedicated, audited `GET /api/agents/{id}/env` endpoint (CLI: `multica agent env get <id>`). Agents running tasks can NOT use their host's owner credentials to reveal env on other agents — the endpoint denies agent-actor sessions.
 
-**Don't put high-value secrets in `custom_env`** (production database passwords, root-level tokens, etc.). Use **dedicated, limited-scope credentials** for agents (read-only API keys, single-scope PATs), and rotate them regularly.
+**Don't put high-value secrets in `custom_env`** (production database passwords, root-level tokens, etc.). Use **dedicated, limited-scope credentials** for agents (read-only API keys, single-scope PATs), and rotate them regularly. Database backups and DB audits remain a meaningful exposure surface.
 </Callout>
 
 ## Custom CLI arguments (custom_args)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Arguments are passed as-is, not through a shell (no injection risk), but whether
 
 New agents default to `private`.
 
-**Private does not mean hidden** — every member sees a private agent's name and description in the list, they just can't see sensitive config fields (the values in `custom_env` and MCP config are masked). Full meaning in [Agents → Who can assign an agent](/agents#who-can-assign-an-agent).
+**Private does not mean hidden** — every member sees a private agent's name and description in the list, they just can't read sensitive config (env values never appear in agent list/get responses; MCP config is masked for non-owners). Full meaning in [Agents → Who can assign an agent](/agents#who-can-assign-an-agent).
 
 ## Concurrency limit
 

apps/docs/content/docs/agents-create.zh.mdx

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL = https://my-proxy.example.com
 系统关键变量不能被覆盖：`PATH`、`HOME`、`USER`、`SHELL`、`TERM`、`CODEX_HOME`，以及任何 `MULTICA_*` 开头的 key 都会被守护进程静默忽略（日志里有 warn，不会报错）。
 
 <Callout type="warning">
-**`custom_env` 的值在 Multica 服务器的数据库里是明文存储的。** 非智能体创建者 / 非 workspace admin 看不到值（API 返回 `****`），但数据库备份、DB 审计里仍然能看到。
+**`custom_env` 的值在 Multica 服务器的数据库里是明文存储的。** agent list/get 接口不再返回任何 env 值——只返回键的数量。读取真实值需要 workspace owner / admin 调用专用且会审计的 `GET /api/agents/{id}/env`（CLI: `multica agent env get <id>`）。正在执行任务的智能体即便宿主是 owner，也无法借此读取其它智能体的 env——这个接口拒绝 agent-actor 会话。数据库备份、DB 审计里仍然能看到真实值。
 
 **不要把高价值 secret 放进 `custom_env`**（生产数据库密码、root 级 token 等）。给智能体用**独立的、有限权限的凭证**（只读 API key、单 scope 的 PAT），定期轮换。
 </Callout>
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ claude --model <model> --max-turns 100 --append-system-prompt "always respond in
 
 新建默认 `private`。
 
-**私有不等于隐藏**——列表里所有成员都能看到私有智能体的名字和描述，只是看不到敏感配置字段（`custom_env`、MCP 配置的值被打码）。完整含义见 [智能体 → 谁能把智能体分配出去](/agents#谁能把智能体分配出去)。
+**私有不等于隐藏**——列表里所有成员都能看到私有智能体的名字和描述，只是看不到敏感配置（env 值从不会出现在 agent list/get 响应里；MCP 配置对非 owner 会被打码）。完整含义见 [智能体 → 谁能把智能体分配出去](/agents#谁能把智能体分配出去)。
 
 ## 并发上限
 

apps/docs/content/docs/agents.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: "An agent is a first-class member of a Multica workspace — it can
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-An agent is a **first-class member** of a Multica [workspace](/workspaces) — like a human, it can be [assigned issues](/assigning-issues), speak up in [comments](/comments), be [`@`-mentioned](/mentioning-agents), and lead a [project](/issues). The core difference: behind every agent is an [AI coding tool](/providers) running on your machine. Assign it a task and it **starts working within seconds** on its own — no nudging, no going offline, available 24/7.
+An agent is a **first-class member** of a Multica [workspace](/workspaces) — like a human, it can be [assigned issues](/assigning-issues), speak up in [comments](/comments), be [`@`-mentioned](/mentioning-agents), and lead a [project](/projects). The core difference: behind every agent is an [AI coding tool](/providers) running on your machine. Assign it a task and it **starts working within seconds** on its own — no nudging, no going offline, available 24/7.
 
 ## What an agent can do
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Agents use the same "member" surface as humans, and the UI barely distinguishes
 - **[Be assigned issues](/assigning-issues)** — once set as the assignee, it starts working automatically
 - **[Be `@`-mentioned](/mentioning-agents)** — write `@agent-name` in a comment and it wakes up to read that comment
 - **Post [comments](/comments)** — it reports progress and replies to people under the issue
-- **Lead a [project](/issues)** — it can be set as project lead, same as a human
+- **Lead a [project](/projects)** — it can be set as project lead, same as a human
 - **Open [issues](/issues) itself** — while running a task, if it spots a related problem, it can create a new issue directly
 
 From the collaboration view, an agent is just a member of the workspace — its name sits in the same member list as humans, usually with a small robot icon in front.
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@ New agents default to **private**. To make one available to the whole workspace,
 
 - [Create and configure an agent](/agents-create) — how to build one
 - [Skills](/skills) — attach knowledge packs to an agent
+- [Squads](/squads) — group agents under a leader so the right one picks up the right issue
 - [Daemon and runtimes](/daemon-runtimes) — what an agent needs to actually run

apps/docs/content/docs/agents.zh.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: 智能体（agent）是 Multica 工作区里的一等公民成员
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-智能体（agent）是 Multica [工作区](/workspaces) 里的**一等公民成员**——和人一样能被 [分配 issue](/assigning-issues)、在 [评论](/comments) 里发言、被 [`@` 点名](/mentioning-agents)、作为 [project](/issues) 的负责人。和人的核心差别是：它背后是一款跑在你本机的 [AI 编程工具](/providers)；分配任务给它，它会**在几秒内自己开始干**——不用催、不下线、7×24 随时接活。
+智能体（agent）是 Multica [工作区](/workspaces) 里的**一等公民成员**——和人一样能被 [分配 issue](/assigning-issues)、在 [评论](/comments) 里发言、被 [`@` 点名](/mentioning-agents)、作为 [project](/projects) 的负责人。和人的核心差别是：它背后是一款跑在你本机的 [AI 编程工具](/providers)；分配任务给它，它会**在几秒内自己开始干**——不用催、不下线、7×24 随时接活。
 
 ## 智能体能做什么
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 - **[被分配 issue](/assigning-issues)** —— 作为 assignee，分配后它会自动开工
 - **[被 `@` 点名](/mentioning-agents)** —— 在评论里写 `@agent-name`，它会被立刻唤醒去看这条评论
 - **发 [评论](/comments)** —— 它会在 issue 底下汇报进展、回复别人
-- **作为 [project](/issues) 的负责人** —— 和人一样能被设为 project lead
+- **作为 [project](/projects) 的负责人** —— 和人一样能被设为 project lead
 - **自己开 [issue](/issues)** —— 跑任务时如果发现了关联问题，它能直接创建新的 issue
 
 从协作视图上看，智能体就是工作区里的一个成员；它和人的名字排在同一张成员列表里，只是前面通常有一个机器人图标。
@@ -45,4 +45,5 @@ import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
 - [创建和配置智能体](/agents-create) —— 怎么把一个智能体捏出来
 - [Skills](/skills) —— 给智能体挂上专业知识包
+- [小队](/squads) —— 把智能体编成一组，由队长决定谁接手哪条 issue
 - [守护进程与运行时](/daemon-runtimes) —— 智能体真正跑起来需要什么

apps/docs/content/docs/assigning-issues.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Hand an issue to an agent and it takes over as the official assigne
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-Assign an [issue](/issues) to an [agent](/agents) and it works as the **official assignee** until the work is done — it can read the full issue context (description + all [comments](/comments)) and change status, post comments, and edit fields. This is the **most common and heaviest** of Multica's four trigger paths.
+Assign an [issue](/issues) to an [agent](/agents) and it works as the **official assignee** until the work is done — it can read the full issue context (description + all [comments](/comments)) and change status, post comments, and edit fields. This is the **most common and heaviest** of Multica's four trigger paths. The same flow also accepts a [squad](/squads) as the assignee — Multica then triggers the squad's **leader agent** instead.
 
 | Path | When to use | Changes the issue | Context | Priority | Auto retry |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Assign an [issue](/issues) to an [agent](/agents) and it works as the **official
 
 ## Assign from the UI
 
-On the issue detail page, click the **Assignee** picker. It lists every member in the workspace plus all non-archived agents. Pick an agent and the issue is assigned right away.
+On the issue detail page, click the **Assignee** picker. It lists every member in the workspace, all non-archived agents, and every non-archived [squad](/squads). Pick an agent (or squad) and the issue is assigned right away.
 
 A few rules:
 
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ The command-line equivalent:
 
 ```bash
 multica issue assign MUL-42 --to alice
+multica issue assign MUL-42 --to-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 ```
 
-`--to` takes a member username or an agent name. Giving agents memorable names makes this step smoother — if multiple agents share a name in the workspace, the first one listed wins, so rename before assigning.
+`--to` takes a member username or an agent name (fuzzy match). When names overlap — e.g. an agent `J` alongside `Cursor - J` — pass `--to-id <uuid>` instead, using the `user_id` (member) or `id` (agent) from `multica workspace member list --output json` / `multica agent list --output json`. UUID matching is strict and unambiguous, which is what you want from scripts and from agents driving the CLI. `--to` and `--to-id` are mutually exclusive.
 
 Unassign:
 
@@ -77,5 +78,6 @@ But **different agents can work on the same issue in parallel** — for example,
 ## Next
 
 - [**@-mention an agent in a comment**](/mentioning-agents) — a lighter trigger that leaves assignee and status untouched
+- [**Squads**](/squads) — assign to a group of agents and let the leader decide who picks it up
 - [**Chat**](/chat) — one-to-one conversation outside any issue
 - [**Autopilots**](/autopilots) — let agents start work automatically on a schedule

apps/docs/content/docs/assigning-issues.zh.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: 把 issue 交给智能体，它作为正式负责人一直工作到
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-把 [issue](/issues) 分配给 [智能体](/agents)，它会作为**正式负责人**一直工作到结束——能读到 issue 的完整上下文（描述 + 所有 [评论](/comments)），也能改状态、发评论、改字段。这是 Multica 四种触发方式里**最常见也最"重"**的一种。
+把 [issue](/issues) 分配给 [智能体](/agents)，它会作为**正式负责人**一直工作到结束——能读到 issue 的完整上下文（描述 + 所有 [评论](/comments)），也能改状态、发评论、改字段。这是 Multica 四种触发方式里**最常见也最"重"**的一种。同样的流程也接受 [小队（squad）](/squads) 作为 assignee——这种情况下 Multica 会触发小队的**队长智能体**。
 
 | 方式 | 何时用 | 改 issue | 上下文 | 优先级 | 自动重试 |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
 ## 在界面里分配
 
-在 issue 详情页点 **Assignee** 选择器，会列出工作区里所有成员和未归档的智能体。选一个智能体，issue 立刻分给它。
+在 issue 详情页点 **Assignee** 选择器，会列出工作区里所有成员、未归档的智能体、以及未归档的 [小队](/squads)。选一个智能体（或小队），issue 立刻分配。
 
 几条规则：
 
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
 ```bash
 multica issue assign MUL-42 --to alice
+multica issue assign MUL-42 --to-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 ```
 
-`--to` 后跟成员用户名或智能体名字。给智能体起个好记的名字会让这一步顺很多——工作区里重名的会按列出顺序选第一个，建议先改名再分配。
+`--to` 后跟成员用户名或智能体名字（模糊匹配）。如果工作区里有同名 / 互相含子串的成员或智能体（例如 agent `J` 旁边还有 `Cursor - J`），改用 `--to-id <uuid>`：UUID 来自 `multica workspace member list --output json` 的 `user_id` 或 `multica agent list --output json` 的 `id`，是唯一精确的方式，特别适合脚本和驱动 CLI 的智能体。`--to` 和 `--to-id` 互斥。
 
 取消分配：
 
@@ -77,5 +78,6 @@ multica issue assign MUL-42 --unassign
 ## 下一步
 
 - [**在评论里 @ 智能体**](/mentioning-agents) —— 更轻量的触发方式，不改 assignee / status
+- [**小队**](/squads) —— 把 issue 分给一组智能体，由队长决定谁接手
 - [**对话**](/chat) —— 脱离 issue 和智能体一对一聊
 - [**Autopilots**](/autopilots) —— 让智能体定时自动开工

apps/docs/content/docs/auth-setup.mdx

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ For the list of environment variables referenced below, see [Environment variabl
 
 ## How email + verification code sign-in works
 
-The user enters an email on the sign-in page → the server sends a 6-digit code → the user enters it → the server verifies it → a JWT cookie is issued. Standard flow. It requires [Resend](https://resend.com/) as the email provider:
+The user enters an email on the sign-in page → the server sends a 6-digit code → the user enters it → the server verifies it → a JWT cookie is issued. Standard flow. Two delivery backends are supported — pick whichever fits your deployment:
 
-1. Create a Resend account and verify your domain
+### Option A: Resend (recommended for cloud / public-internet deployments)
+
+1. Create a [Resend](https://resend.com/) account and verify your domain
 2. Create an API key
 3. Set the environment variables:
 
@@ -25,7 +27,22 @@ The user enters an email on the sign-in page → the server sends a 6-digit code
 
 4. Restart the server
 
-**What happens if you don't set `RESEND_API_KEY`**: the server doesn't error, but **every email that should have been sent is written to the server's stdout only**. Handy for local development (copy the code from the logs); in production it's a black hole.
+### Option B: SMTP relay (for self-hosted / on-premise deployments)
+
+Use this when the deployment can't reach `api.resend.com` or you already have an internal mail relay (Exchange, Postfix, on-prem SendGrid, etc.). `SMTP_HOST` takes priority over `RESEND_API_KEY` when both are set.
+
+```bash
+SMTP_HOST=smtp.internal.example.com
+SMTP_PORT=587                  # default 25; use 587 for STARTTLS submission
+SMTP_USERNAME=multica          # leave empty for unauthenticated relay
+SMTP_PASSWORD=...
+SMTP_TLS_INSECURE=false        # set true only for self-signed / private CA
+RESEND_FROM_EMAIL=noreply@yourdomain.com  # reused as the From: header
+```
+
+STARTTLS is upgraded automatically when the server advertises it. Port 465 (SMTPS / implicit TLS) is **not** currently supported — use port 25 or 587.
+
+**What happens if you set neither**: the server doesn't error, but **every email that should have been sent is written to the server's stdout only**. Handy for local development (copy the code from the logs); in production it's a black hole.
 
 ## Fixed local testing codes
 
@@ -34,7 +51,7 @@ The user enters an email on the sign-in page → the server sends a 6-digit code
 
 The old behavior where non-production instances accepted `888888` by default has been removed. Unless you explicitly configure it, typing `888888` is treated like any other wrong code.
 
-Local development without Resend should use the generated code printed in server logs. If you need deterministic local/private automation, set `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` to a 6-digit value such as `888888`, and keep `APP_ENV` non-production:
+Local development without any email backend configured (no Resend, no SMTP) should use the generated code printed in server logs. If you need deterministic local/private automation, set `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` to a 6-digit value such as `888888`, and keep `APP_ENV` non-production:
 
 ```bash
 APP_ENV=development

apps/docs/content/docs/auth-setup.zh.mdx

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ Multica 支持两种登录方式：**Email + 验证码**（默认）和 **Google
 
 ## Email + 验证码登录怎么工作
 
-用户在登录页输邮箱 → server 发 6 位验证码 → 用户填回 → server 验证 → 签发 JWT cookie。是标准流程。需要 [Resend](https://resend.com/) 作为邮件发送服务：
+用户在登录页输邮箱 → server 发 6 位验证码 → 用户填回 → server 验证 → 签发 JWT cookie。是标准流程。支持两种邮件发送通道，按部署环境二选一：
 
-1. 在 Resend 建账号、验证你的域名
+### Option A：Resend（公网/云端部署推荐）
+
+1. 在 [Resend](https://resend.com/) 建账号、验证你的域名
 2. 创建 API key
 3. 设环境变量：
 
@@ -25,7 +27,22 @@ Multica 支持两种登录方式：**Email + 验证码**（默认）和 **Google
 
 4. 重启 server
 
-**不配 `RESEND_API_KEY` 的后果**：server 不报错，但**所有本该发出去的邮件只打到 server 的 stdout**。本地开发方便（你从日志抄验证码），生产环境等于黑洞。
+### Option B：SMTP relay（内网/自部署）
+
+适合内网无法访问 `api.resend.com`，或者已经有内部邮件中继（Exchange、Postfix、自部署 SendGrid 等）的场景。同时设置时 `SMTP_HOST` 优先级高于 `RESEND_API_KEY`。
+
+```bash
+SMTP_HOST=smtp.internal.example.com
+SMTP_PORT=587                  # 默认 25；STARTTLS 提交端口用 587
+SMTP_USERNAME=multica          # 留空则使用未认证 relay
+SMTP_PASSWORD=...
+SMTP_TLS_INSECURE=false        # 仅在私有 CA / 自签证书时改成 true
+RESEND_FROM_EMAIL=noreply@yourdomain.com  # 同时作为 SMTP From: 头
+```
+
+服务端 advertise STARTTLS 时会自动升级。**暂不支持** 465（SMTPS / 隐式 TLS），请使用 25 或 587。
+
+**两种都不配**：server 不报错，但所有本该发出去的邮件**只打到 server 的 stdout**。本地开发方便（你从日志抄验证码），生产环境等于黑洞。
 
 ## 固定本地测试验证码
 
@@ -34,7 +51,7 @@ Multica 支持两种登录方式：**Email + 验证码**（默认）和 **Google
 
 旧版「非 production 默认接受 `888888`」的行为已经移除。除非你显式配置，否则输入 `888888` 会和普通错误验证码一样被拒绝。
 
-不配 Resend 的本地开发，应使用 server 日志里打印的随机验证码。如果你需要确定性的本地/私有自动化测试，可以把 `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` 设成一个 6 位数字，比如 `888888`，并保持 `APP_ENV` 为非 production：
+没配任何邮件后端（Resend 和 SMTP 都没设）的本地开发，应使用 server 日志里打印的随机验证码。如果你需要确定性的本地/私有自动化测试，可以把 `MULTICA_DEV_VERIFICATION_CODE` 设成一个 6 位数字，比如 `888888`，并保持 `APP_ENV` 为非 production：
 
 ```bash
 APP_ENV=development

apps/docs/content/docs/autopilots.mdx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Autopilots
-description: Let agents start work on a cron schedule — or trigger once manually via the UI or CLI.
+description: Let agents start work on a cron schedule, an inbound webhook, or trigger once manually via the UI or CLI.
 ---
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
@@ -16,19 +16,15 @@ Create a new autopilot on the workspace's **Autopilot** page. You set:
 - **Priority** — inherited by the `task` it produces (same semantics as issue priority)
 - **Description / prompt** — the work description the agent receives each run
 - **Execution mode** — see below
-- **Triggers** — at least one `schedule` (cron + timezone)
+- **Triggers** — at least one `schedule` (cron + timezone) or `webhook`
 
 ## Pick an execution mode
 
 An autopilot has two execution modes. **Start with "create issue" mode.**
 
-- **Create issue mode** (`create_issue`) — default, **recommended**. Each trigger first creates an issue in the workspace (the title supports interpolation like `{{date}}`), then assigns the issue to the agent through the normal assignment flow. All work lands on the issue board with the same history, comments, and status as a manually assigned issue.
+- **Create issue mode** (`create_issue`) — default, **recommended**. Each trigger first creates an issue in the workspace (the title currently supports a single placeholder, `{{date}}`, which interpolates to the UTC date in `YYYY-MM-DD` format; any other `{{...}}` token is rejected at create-time so a typo cannot silently land as the literal string in your issue titles), then assigns the issue to the agent through the normal assignment flow. All work lands on the issue board with the same history, comments, and status as a manually assigned issue.
 - **Run-only mode** (`run_only`) — skips issue creation and enqueues a `task` directly. The run is invisible on the board — you can only see it in the autopilot's run history.
 
-<Callout type="warning">
-**Run-only mode is currently unstable.** The CLI labels it "not yet supported end-to-end," and the dispatch path has known issues. New users should stick to create issue mode and wait for run-only mode to ship a stable release before switching.
-</Callout>
-
 ## Run it on a schedule
 
 Every autopilot needs at least one `schedule` trigger. Cron uses the **standard 5-field format** (minute hour day month weekday), with **1-minute** minimum granularity (no seconds). Timezone is IANA-formatted (for example, `Asia/Shanghai`) and determines which timezone the cron expression is interpreted in.
@@ -54,15 +50,109 @@ multica autopilot trigger <autopilot-id>
 
 A manual trigger goes through the exact same execution flow as a `schedule` trigger — only the `source` field on the run record is marked `manual`.
 
+## Trigger from a webhook
+
+Autopilots can also fire on inbound HTTP webhooks. Add a **Webhook** trigger
+on the autopilot detail page; Multica generates a unique URL of the shape:
+
+```
+https://<your-multica-host>/api/webhooks/autopilots/awt_…
+```
+
+POST any JSON to that URL — Multica records a run with `source = webhook`,
+stores the body as the run's `trigger_payload`, and dispatches the agent
+exactly the way a schedule trigger would.
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST "$MULTICA_WEBHOOK_URL" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"event":"demo.received","eventPayload":{"message":"hello"}}'
+```
+
+In **create issue mode**, the inbound payload is appended to the new issue's
+description so the agent can read it inline. In **run-only mode**, the
+payload is part of the run context the daemon hands the agent.
+
+### Payload shape
+
+You can send your own envelope:
+
+```json
+{ "event": "github.pull_request.opened", "eventPayload": { } }
+```
+
+…or any JSON object/array. Multica normalizes it into an internal envelope:
+
+```json
+{
+  "event": "<inferred>",
+  "eventPayload": <your body>,
+  "request": { "receivedAt": "<rfc3339>", "contentType": "application/json" }
+}
+```
+
+When you don't provide an `event` field, Multica infers it from common
+headers and body fields (`X-GitHub-Event` + body `action`,
+`X-Gitlab-Event`, `X-Event-Type`, body `event`/`type`/`action`). When
+nothing matches, the event is `webhook.received`.
+
+When configuring GitHub or similar sources, set the content type to
+`application/json` — form-encoded webhook payloads are not accepted.
+
+### URL is a bearer secret
+
+The generated URL **is** the credential. Anyone with it can fire the
+autopilot. Treat it like a token:
+
+- **Don't paste it into public issue threads, screenshots, or chat history.**
+- **Rotate it if it leaks** — click "Rotate URL" on the trigger row, or run
+  `multica autopilot trigger-rotate-url <autopilot-id> <trigger-id>`. The
+  old URL stops working immediately.
+- For sources that require strong source authentication, wait for
+  per-trigger HMAC signature verification; this v1 URL is bearer-only.
+- Workspace members who can view the autopilot can read its webhook URLs
+  for now — tighter per-role secret visibility is a follow-up.
+
+### Status-code semantics
+
+Multica returns `200 OK` with a `status` field for normal no-op outcomes so
+your provider's webhook-retry machinery doesn't keep hammering the URL:
+
+- `{"status":"accepted","run_id":"…","autopilot_id":"…","trigger_id":"…"}`
+  — a run was dispatched.
+- `{"status":"skipped","run_id":"…","reason":"agent runtime is offline at dispatch time"}`
+  — the assignee's runtime is offline; recorded as a `skipped` run.
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"trigger_disabled"}` — the trigger is disabled.
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"autopilot_paused"}` — the autopilot is paused.
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"autopilot_archived"}` — the autopilot is archived.
+
+Non-2xx responses cover real failures:
+
+- `400` — invalid JSON, scalar body, or empty body.
+- `404` — unknown token (`{"error":"webhook not found"}`).
+- `413` — payload exceeded 256 KiB.
+- `429` — per-token rate limit exceeded (defaults to 60 req/min).
+
+### Self-hosted: configure your public URL
+
+When `MULTICA_PUBLIC_URL` is set on the server (e.g. `https://multica.example.com`),
+the trigger response includes an absolute `webhook_url` and the UI shows a
+ready-to-copy URL. Without it, the UI composes the URL from the client's
+API origin — which is fine for desktop and same-origin web, but not for
+custom self-hosted reverse proxies. Multica deliberately does not derive
+the public host from `Host` / `X-Forwarded-Host` headers so a misconfigured
+reverse proxy cannot trick the server into minting webhook URLs pointing at
+an attacker-controlled host.
+
 ## View run history
 
 Every trigger produces a **run record**, visible on the "History" tab of the autopilot detail page:
 
-- Trigger source (`schedule` / `manual`)
+- Trigger source (`schedule` / `manual` / `webhook`)
 - Start time, completion time
-- Status (`issue_created` / `running` / `completed` / `failed`)
+- Status (`issue_created` / `running` / `completed` / `failed` / `skipped`)
 - The linked issue (create issue mode) or `task` (run-only mode)
-- Failure reason (if failed)
+- Failure reason (if failed or skipped)
 
 ## What happens when an autopilot fails
 
@@ -76,7 +166,11 @@ Why no auto-retry: autopilots are already periodic, so adding system-level retri
 
 ## What's not yet available
 
-**Webhook and API triggers are not available yet.** The autopilot trigger schema reserves `webhook` and `api` types, but **they are not wired up to any ingress route** — the UI can create triggers of either type, but they will not actually fire. Today, **only `schedule` and manual triggers are end-to-end usable.**
+**API-kind triggers are not wired up.** The trigger schema reserves an `api`
+kind, but no ingress route fires it; the UI shows a Deprecated badge for
+existing rows and offers no copy/rotate affordances. Per-trigger HMAC
+signature verification, IP allowlists, and provider-specific event presets
+are tracked as follow-ups; v1 URLs are bearer-only.
 
 ## Next
 

apps/docs/content/docs/autopilots.zh.mdx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Autopilots
-description: 让智能体按 cron 定时自己开工——或通过 UI / CLI 手动触发一次。
+description: 让智能体按 cron 定时自己开工，或在 webhook 到来时被触发——也可以通过 UI / CLI 手动触发一次。
 ---
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
@@ -16,19 +16,15 @@ Autopilots 让 [智能体](/agents) **按调度自动开工**——配好 cron
 - **优先级** — 继承给它产生的 `task`（语义同 issue 优先级）
 - **描述 / Prompt** — 智能体每次执行拿到的工作说明
 - **执行模式** — 见下节
-- **触发器** — 至少加一条 `schedule`（cron + 时区）
+- **触发器** — 至少加一条 `schedule`（cron + 时区）或 `webhook`
 
 ## 选择执行模式
 
 Autopilot 有两种执行模式，**建议从"先建 issue 模式"开始**：
 
-- **先建 issue 模式**（`create_issue`）—— 默认，**推荐**。每次触发先在工作区里建一个 issue（标题支持 `{{date}}` 这样的插值），再按分配流程把 issue 派给智能体。所有工作都落在 issue 看板上，历史、评论、状态和手动分配的 issue 完全一致。
+- **先建 issue 模式**（`create_issue`）—— 默认，**推荐**。每次触发先在工作区里建一个 issue（标题目前只支持一个占位符 `{{date}}`，会插值成 UTC 日期 `YYYY-MM-DD`；其他 `{{...}}` 形式的占位符会在创建时被拒绝，避免拼错以后悄无声息地把原文当成 issue 标题），再按分配流程把 issue 派给智能体。所有工作都落在 issue 看板上，历史、评论、状态和手动分配的 issue 完全一致。
 - **直跑模式**（`run_only`）—— 不建 issue，直接入队一个 `task`。看板上看不到这一次运行——只能在 Autopilot 的运行历史里看到。
 
-<Callout type="warning">
-**直跑模式当前不稳定**——目前在 CLI 里被标注为"not yet supported end-to-end"，派发路径有已知问题。新用户只使用先建 issue 模式，等直跑模式 ship 稳定版再切。
-</Callout>
-
 ## 让它按时间跑
 
 每个 Autopilot 至少要一个 `schedule` 触发器。Cron 是**标准 5 字段格式**（分 时 日 月 周），最小粒度 **1 分钟**（没有秒级）。时区用 IANA 格式（例如 `Asia/Shanghai`），决定 cron 表达式按哪个时区解读。
@@ -54,15 +50,105 @@ multica autopilot trigger <autopilot-id>
 
 手动触发走和 `schedule` 触发完全相同的执行流程，只是运行记录里 `source` 字段标为 `manual`。
 
+## 通过 Webhook 触发
+
+Autopilot 也可以由入站 HTTP webhook 触发。在详情页添加一个 **Webhook**
+触发器，Multica 会生成一个唯一的 URL：
+
+```
+https://<你的 Multica host>/api/webhooks/autopilots/awt_…
+```
+
+向这个 URL POST 任意 JSON——Multica 会记录一条 `source = webhook` 的
+run，把请求体保存为 run 的 `trigger_payload`，然后按和 schedule 触发器
+完全一致的方式派发给智能体。
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST "$MULTICA_WEBHOOK_URL" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"event":"demo.received","eventPayload":{"message":"hello"}}'
+```
+
+在**先建 issue 模式**下，入站 payload 会附加在新 issue 的描述里供智能体
+直接读到；**直跑模式**下，payload 也会随 run 一并交给 daemon。
+
+### Payload 形态
+
+可以发自己的封装：
+
+```json
+{ "event": "github.pull_request.opened", "eventPayload": { } }
+```
+
+也可以直接发任意 JSON 对象 / 数组。Multica 会规范化为内部封装：
+
+```json
+{
+  "event": "<推断>",
+  "eventPayload": <你的 body>,
+  "request": { "receivedAt": "<rfc3339>", "contentType": "application/json" }
+}
+```
+
+不带 `event` 字段时，Multica 会按以下顺序从常见 header 和 body 字段
+推断：`X-GitHub-Event` + body `action`，`X-Gitlab-Event`、
+`X-Event-Type`、body 里的 `event` / `type` / `action`。都不命中时事件
+名退化为 `webhook.received`。
+
+配置 GitHub 之类的来源时，请把 content type 设为 `application/json`——
+表单编码的 webhook payload 在 v1 里不接受。
+
+### URL 即 bearer secret
+
+生成的 URL **就是凭证**，谁拿到都能触发这个 Autopilot。请按 token 对待：
+
+- **不要贴到公开 issue 评论、截图、聊天记录里。**
+- **泄漏后立即重新生成**——在触发器上点"重新生成 URL"，或运行
+  `multica autopilot trigger-rotate-url <autopilot-id> <trigger-id>`。
+  旧 URL 立即失效。
+- 对需要强来源认证的源，等 per-trigger HMAC 签名校验上线；v1 URL 仅
+  bearer。
+- 当前能查看 Autopilot 的工作区成员都能看到它的 webhook URL——更细的
+  权限可见性是后续工作。
+
+### 状态码语义
+
+正常的 no-op 路径都返回 `200 OK` 加 `status` 字段，避免外部 webhook 重试
+机制反复打：
+
+- `{"status":"accepted","run_id":"…","autopilot_id":"…","trigger_id":"…"}`
+  —— 已派发一次 run。
+- `{"status":"skipped","run_id":"…","reason":"agent runtime is offline at dispatch time"}`
+  —— 受派智能体的 runtime 离线，记为 `skipped` run。
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"trigger_disabled"}` —— 触发器已禁用。
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"autopilot_paused"}` —— Autopilot 已暂停。
+- `{"status":"ignored","reason":"autopilot_archived"}` —— Autopilot 已归档。
+
+非 2xx 是真正的失败：
+
+- `400` —— 无效 JSON、scalar body、空 body。
+- `404` —— 未知 token（`{"error":"webhook not found"}`）。
+- `413` —— 请求体超过 256 KiB。
+- `429` —— 单 token 速率限制（默认 60 次 / 分钟）。
+
+### 自托管：配置公开 URL
+
+服务端设置 `MULTICA_PUBLIC_URL`（例如 `https://multica.example.com`）后，
+触发器响应里会带绝对的 `webhook_url`，UI 直接显示可复制的 URL。没设
+时 UI 会用客户端的 API origin 拼出 URL——desktop 和同源 web 没问题，
+但自定义反向代理就不行了。Multica **故意不**从 `Host` /
+`X-Forwarded-Host` header 推断公开主机，避免反代配置失误时被诱导生成
+指向攻击者域名的 webhook URL。
+
 ## 看运行历史
 
 每次触发都会产生一条**运行记录**（run），可以在 Autopilot 详情页的"历史"tab 看到：
 
-- 触发源（`schedule` / `manual`）
+- 触发源（`schedule` / `manual` / `webhook`）
 - 开始时间、完成时间
-- 状态（`issue_created` / `running` / `completed` / `failed`）
+- 状态（`issue_created` / `running` / `completed` / `failed` / `skipped`）
 - 关联的 issue（先建 issue 模式）或 `task`（直跑模式）
-- 失败原因（如果失败）
+- 失败原因（失败或跳过时）
 
 ## Autopilot 失败会怎样
 
@@ -76,7 +162,10 @@ multica autopilot trigger <autopilot-id>
 
 ## 暂不可用的能力
 
-**Webhook 和 API 触发暂不可用**。Autopilot 的触发器类型在 schema 里预留了 `webhook` 和 `api` 两种，但**还没接入站路由**——UI 可以创建这两类触发器，不会真的触发。目前**只有 `schedule` 和手动触发是端到端可用的**。
+**API 类型触发器尚未接入。** 触发器 schema 里保留了 `api` 类型但没有
+入站路由会触发它；UI 会给已有的此类记录打 Deprecated 标签，也不显示
+copy / rotate 操作。Per-trigger HMAC 签名校验、IP allowlist、按提供方
+的事件预设是后续工作；v1 URL 仅 bearer。
 
 ## 下一步
 

apps/docs/content/docs/cli.mdx

@@ -39,21 +39,26 @@ For the difference between token types, see [Authentication and tokens](/auth-to
 |---|---|
 | `multica workspace list` | List every workspace you can access |
 | `multica workspace get <slug>` | Show details for one workspace |
-| `multica workspace members` | List members of the current workspace |
+| `multica workspace member list` | List members of the current workspace |
+| `multica workspace update <id> --name "..." [--description "..."] [--context "..."] [--issue-prefix "..."]` | Update workspace metadata (admin/owner). Long fields accept `--description-stdin` / `--context-stdin`. |
 
 ## Issues and projects
 
+<Callout type="info">
+`list` commands (`multica issue list`, `autopilot list`, `project list`, etc.) print short, copy-paste-ready IDs by default — issue keys like `MUL-123` for issues, short UUID prefixes for the rest. The `<id>` argument on the follow-up commands below accepts either the short ID or the full UUID, so the typical flow is `multica issue list` → copy the key → `multica issue get MUL-123`. Pass `--full-id` to a list command when you need the canonical UUID.
+</Callout>
+
 | Command | Purpose |
 |---|---|
-| `multica issue list` | List issues |
-| `multica issue get <id>` | Show a single issue |
+| `multica issue list` | List issues (prints copy-paste-ready issue keys) |
+| `multica issue get <id>` | Show a single issue (accepts an issue key or a UUID) |
 | `multica issue create --title "..."` | Create a new issue |
 | `multica issue update <id> ...` | Update an issue (status, priority, assignee, etc.) |
 | `multica issue assign <id> --agent <slug>` | Assign to an agent (triggers a task immediately) |
 | `multica issue status <id> --set <status>` | Shortcut to change status |
 | `multica issue search <query>` | Keyword search |
 | `multica issue runs <id>` | Show agent runs on an issue |
-| `multica issue rerun <id>` | Rerun the most recent agent task |
+| `multica issue rerun <id>` | Re-enqueue a fresh task for the issue's current agent assignee |
 | `multica issue comment <id> ...` | Nested: view / post comments |
 | `multica issue subscriber <id> ...` | Nested: subscribe / unsubscribe |
 | `multica project list/get/create/update/delete/status` | Project CRUD |
@@ -74,6 +79,20 @@ For the difference between token types, see [Authentication and tokens](/auth-to
 | `multica skill import ...` | Import a skill from GitHub, ClawHub, or the local machine |
 | `multica skill files ...` | Nested: manage a skill's files |
 
+## Squads
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `multica squad list` | List squads in the workspace |
+| `multica squad get <id>` | Show a single squad |
+| `multica squad create --name "..." --leader <agent>` | Create a squad (owner / admin) |
+| `multica squad update <id> ...` | Update name, description, instructions, leader, or avatar |
+| `multica squad delete <id>` | Archive (soft-delete) — transfers assigned issues to the leader |
+| `multica squad member list/add/remove <squad-id>` | Manage squad members |
+| `multica squad activity <issue-id> <action\|no_action\|failed> --reason "..."` | Used by squad leader agents to record an evaluation per turn |
+
+See [Squads](/squads) for the full model.
+
 ## Autopilots
 
 | Command | Purpose |
@@ -98,7 +117,6 @@ For the difference between token types, see [Authentication and tokens](/auth-to
 | `multica runtime list` | List runtimes in the current workspace |
 | `multica runtime usage` | Show resource usage |
 | `multica runtime activity` | Recent activity log |
-| `multica runtime ping <id>` | Ping a runtime to check it's online |
 | `multica runtime update <id> ...` | Update a runtime's configuration |
 
 ## Miscellaneous

apps/docs/content/docs/cli.zh.mdx

@@ -39,21 +39,26 @@ Token 类型的详细区分见 [认证与令牌](/auth-tokens)。
 |---|---|
 | `multica workspace list` | 列出你有权访问的所有工作区 |
 | `multica workspace get <slug>` | 查看一个工作区的详情 |
-| `multica workspace members` | 列出当前工作区的成员 |
+| `multica workspace member list` | 列出当前工作区的成员 |
+| `multica workspace update <id> --name "..." [--description "..."] [--context "..."] [--issue-prefix "..."]` | 修改 workspace 元数据（admin/owner 权限）。长文本可用 `--description-stdin` / `--context-stdin`。 |
 
 ## Issue 和 Project
 
+<Callout type="info">
+`list` 类命令（`multica issue list`、`autopilot list`、`project list` 等）表格里默认显示**可直接复制**的短 ID：issue 是 key（如 `MUL-123`），其余资源是 UUID 短前缀。下面表格里的 `<id>` 同时接受短 ID 和完整 UUID，所以典型用法是 `multica issue list` → 复制 key → `multica issue get MUL-123`。需要完整 UUID 时给 `list` 加 `--full-id`。
+</Callout>
+
 | 命令 | 用途 |
 |---|---|
-| `multica issue list` | 列出 issue |
-| `multica issue get <id>` | 查看单条 issue |
+| `multica issue list` | 列出 issue（默认显示可复制的 issue key） |
+| `multica issue get <id>` | 查看单条 issue（接受 issue key 或 UUID） |
 | `multica issue create --title "..."` | 创建新 issue |
 | `multica issue update <id> ...` | 修改 issue（状态、优先级、分配人等） |
 | `multica issue assign <id> --agent <slug>` | 分配给智能体（立即触发任务） |
 | `multica issue status <id> --set <status>` | 快捷改状态 |
 | `multica issue search <query>` | 关键字搜索 |
 | `multica issue runs <id>` | 查看 issue 上智能体跑过的任务 |
-| `multica issue rerun <id>` | 重跑最近一次智能体任务 |
+| `multica issue rerun <id>` | 给该 issue 当前的智能体分配人重新创建一条任务 |
 | `multica issue comment <id> ...` | 嵌套：看 / 发评论 |
 | `multica issue subscriber <id> ...` | 嵌套：订阅 / 取消订阅 |
 | `multica project list/get/create/update/delete/status` | Project CRUD |
@@ -74,6 +79,20 @@ Token 类型的详细区分见 [认证与令牌](/auth-tokens)。
 | `multica skill import ...` | 从 GitHub / ClawHub / 本机导入 Skill |
 | `multica skill files ...` | 嵌套：管理 Skill 的文件 |
 
+## 小队
+
+| 命令 | 用途 |
+|---|---|
+| `multica squad list` | 列出工作区里的小队 |
+| `multica squad get <id>` | 查看一个小队 |
+| `multica squad create --name "..." --leader <agent>` | 创建小队（owner / admin）|
+| `multica squad update <id> ...` | 修改名字、描述、instructions、队长、头像 |
+| `multica squad delete <id>` | 归档（软删除）—— 同时把分配给小队的 issue 转给队长 |
+| `multica squad member list/add/remove <squad-id>` | 管理小队成员 |
+| `multica squad activity <issue-id> <action\|no_action\|failed> --reason "..."` | 队长智能体每轮结束时调用，记录 evaluation |
+
+完整模型见 [小队](/squads)。
+
 ## Autopilots
 
 | 命令 | 用途 |
@@ -98,7 +117,6 @@ Token 类型的详细区分见 [认证与令牌](/auth-tokens)。
 | `multica runtime list` | 列出当前工作区的 runtime |
 | `multica runtime usage` | 查看资源使用情况 |
 | `multica runtime activity` | 近期活动记录 |
-| `multica runtime ping <id>` | 立即戳一次 runtime 检查在线 |
 | `multica runtime update <id> ...` | 更新 runtime 配置 |
 
 ## 杂项

apps/docs/content/docs/cli/reference.zh.mdx

@@ -210,9 +210,31 @@ multica workspace get <workspace-id> --output json
 ### List Members
 
 ```bash
-multica workspace members <workspace-id>
+multica workspace member list <workspace-id>
 ```
 
+### Update Workspace
+
+需要 admin 或 owner 权限。所有字段都是部分更新（PATCH 语义）：未传的字段保持不变。
+
+```bash
+multica workspace update <workspace-id> --name "Acme Eng"
+multica workspace update <workspace-id> \
+  --description "Engineering team workspace" \
+  --issue-prefix ENG
+```
+
+长文本走 stdin（保留换行/反斜杠）：
+
+```bash
+cat <<'CTX' | multica workspace update <workspace-id> --context-stdin
+我们是一支 5 人 AI-native 团队。
+工作语言：中文 + 英文混合。
+CTX
+```
+
+可编辑字段：`--name`、`--description` / `--description-stdin`、`--context` / `--context-stdin`、`--issue-prefix`。`slug` 创建后只读，不暴露在 CLI。`--description` 与 `--description-stdin`（以及 `context` 同名对）互斥。未传任何字段 flag 时命令拒绝执行，避免空 PATCH 触发无意义的 workspace 更新事件。`--issue-prefix ""` 也会被拒绝：当前后端在 prefix 为空时静默跳过该字段，CLI 在本地拦下避免“看似成功的 no-op”。
+
 ## Issues
 
 ### List Issues
@@ -221,25 +243,31 @@ multica workspace members <workspace-id>
 multica issue list
 multica issue list --status in_progress
 multica issue list --priority urgent --assignee "Agent Name"
+multica issue list --assignee-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
+multica issue list --full-id
 multica issue list --limit 20 --output json
 ```
 
-Available filters: `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee`, `--project`, `--limit`.
+表格输出默认显示可直接复制到后续命令的 issue `KEY`（例如 `MUL-123`）；需要完整 UUID 时使用 `--full-id`。Available filters: `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee` / `--assignee-id`, `--project`, `--limit`. 在重名 workspace 下用 `--assignee-id <uuid>` 可以精确锁定一个成员或 agent。
 
 ### Get Issue
 
 ```bash
-multica issue get <id>
+multica issue get MUL-123
+multica issue get <uuid>
 multica issue get <id> --output json
 ```
 
+`<id>` 同时接受 issue key（`multica issue list` 表格里直接显示，例如 `MUL-123`）和完整 UUID（给 `list` 加 `--full-id` 可显示）。同样的规则适用于下面 `update` / `assign` / `status` / `comment` / `subscriber` / `runs` 等接受 `<id>` 的命令。
+
 ### Create Issue
 
 ```bash
 multica issue create --title "Fix login bug" --description "..." --priority high --assignee "Lambda"
+multica issue create --title "Fix login bug" --assignee-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 ```
 
-Flags: `--title` (required), `--description`, `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee`, `--parent`, `--project`, `--due-date`.
+Flags: `--title` (required), `--description`, `--status`, `--priority`, `--assignee` / `--assignee-id`, `--parent`, `--project`, `--due-date`. 脚本里如果已经拿到了 UUID（例如来自 `multica workspace member list --output json`），传 `--assignee-id <uuid>`（与 `--assignee` 互斥）以精确锁定。
 
 ### Update Issue
 
@@ -251,9 +279,12 @@ multica issue update <id> --title "New title" --priority urgent
 
 ```bash
 multica issue assign <id> --to "Lambda"
+multica issue assign <id> --to-id 5fb87ac7-23b5-4a7a-81fa-ed295a54545d
 multica issue assign <id> --unassign
 ```
 
+`--to-id <uuid>`（与 `--to` 互斥）按 UUID 精确分配；适合重名 workspace 下脚本化场景。
+
 ### Change Status
 
 ```bash
@@ -283,16 +314,20 @@ multica issue comment delete <comment-id>
 ```bash
 # List all execution runs for an issue
 multica issue runs <issue-id>
+multica issue runs <issue-id> --full-id
 multica issue runs <issue-id> --output json
 
 # View messages for a specific execution run
 multica issue run-messages <task-id>
+multica issue run-messages <short-task-id> --issue <issue-id>
 multica issue run-messages <task-id> --output json
 
 # Incremental fetch (only messages after a given sequence number)
 multica issue run-messages <task-id> --since 42 --output json
 ```
 
+`runs` 的表格输出默认显示 task UUID 短前缀；需要完整 task UUID 时使用 `--full-id`。`run-messages` 可直接接受完整 task UUID；从 `runs` 表格复制短前缀时需要同时传 `--issue <issue-id>`，CLI 只会在该 issue 的 runs 内解析。
+
 ## Projects
 
 Projects group related issues (e.g. a sprint, an epic, a workstream). Every project

apps/docs/content/docs/cloud-quickstart.mdx

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ multica daemon status
 
 In the web UI, go to **Settings → Runtimes**. The daemon you just started should appear as one or more active runtimes — one per AI coding tool installed locally.
 
-If it shows as offline, don't panic — see [Troubleshooting → Daemon can't reach the server](/troubleshooting#daemon-cant-reach-the-server).
+If it shows as offline, don't panic — see [Troubleshooting → Daemon can't connect to the server](/troubleshooting#daemon-cant-connect-to-the-server).
 
 ## 5. Create an agent
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Assign the issue to the agent you just created — click its avatar in the web U
 multica issue assign MUL-1 --to my-agent-name
 ```
 
-`--to` takes the **name** of an agent or member. A substring match works — if the agent is called `my-code-reviewer`, `reviewer` resolves to it.
+`--to` takes the **name** of an agent or member. A substring match works — if the agent is called `my-code-reviewer`, `reviewer` resolves to it. If your workspace has overlapping names, pass `--to-id <uuid>` instead (mutually exclusive with `--to`); look up the UUID via `multica agent list --output json` or `multica workspace member list --output json`.
 
 **What happens next from the daemon**:
 

apps/docs/content/docs/cloud-quickstart.zh.mdx

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ multica issue create --title "给 README 加一段 ASCII 架构图"
 multica issue assign MUL-1 --to my-agent-name
 ```
 
-`--to` 后面填智能体或成员的**名字**，子串就行——如果智能体叫 `my-code-reviewer`，填 `reviewer` 也能命中。
+`--to` 后面填智能体或成员的**名字**，子串就行——如果智能体叫 `my-code-reviewer`，填 `reviewer` 也能命中。如果工作区里名字相互重叠或冲突，改用 `--to-id <uuid>`（与 `--to` 互斥）；UUID 来自 `multica agent list --output json` 或 `multica workspace member list --output json`。
 
 **接下来守护进程会**：
 

apps/docs/content/docs/daemon-runtimes.mdx

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Common commands:
 
 Full CLI reference in [CLI commands](/cli).
 
-**The desktop app ships with a daemon.** If you use the [desktop app](/desktop-app), you don't need to run `multica daemon start` manually — it launches the daemon automatically on startup.
+**The desktop app ships with a daemon.** If you use the [desktop app](/desktop-app), you don't need to run `multica daemon start` manually — it launches the daemon automatically on startup. See the [Desktop app](/desktop-app) page for which option fits your workflow.
 
 ## Why one machine has multiple runtimes
 

apps/docs/content/docs/daemon-runtimes.zh.mdx

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ multica daemon start
 
 完整 CLI 参考见 [CLI 命令速查](/cli)。
 
-**桌面应用自带守护进程。**用 [桌面应用](/desktop-app) 就不必手动 `multica daemon start`——它启动时会自动拉起守护进程。
+**桌面应用自带守护进程。**用 [桌面应用](/desktop-app) 就不必手动 `multica daemon start`——它启动时会自动拉起守护进程。哪种方式更适合你的工作流，详见 [桌面应用](/desktop-app) 页面。
 
 ## 为什么一台机器会有多个运行时
 

apps/docs/content/docs/desktop-app.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: What Multica Desktop is, how it differs from the web app, and when
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-Multica Desktop is a native desktop app for macOS, Windows, and Linux. It talks to the same backend as the web app and shows the same data, but it adds a few things the browser can't: **independent tab groups per [workspace](/workspaces)**, **automatic [daemon](/daemon-runtimes) startup**, and **one-click upgrades**.
+Multica Desktop is a native desktop app for macOS, Windows, and Linux. For the environment it is configured for, it talks to the same backend as the web app and shows the same data. By default Desktop uses Multica Cloud; self-hosted instances can be configured with a local runtime config file. Desktop also adds a few things the browser can't: **independent tab groups per [workspace](/workspaces)**, **automatic [daemon](/daemon-runtimes) startup**, and **one-click upgrades**.
 
 ## Desktop or web — which to pick
 
@@ -66,25 +66,34 @@ Grab the installer for your platform from the [Multica downloads page](https://m
 
 On first launch you'll need to sign in — the same email + verification code flow as the web app. Once you're in, Desktop syncs your workspace list automatically.
 
-<Callout type="warning">
-**Released Desktop builds are pinned to Multica Cloud.** The backend, websocket, and web URLs are baked in at build time (`VITE_API_URL` / `VITE_WS_URL` / `VITE_APP_URL`) — there is no in-app option to point Desktop at a self-hosted instance. To use Desktop against a self-hosted backend you need to build it yourself:
+<Callout type="info">
+**Desktop defaults to Multica Cloud, but can be pointed at a self-hosted instance with a local config file.** There is still no in-app "connect to self-host" picker. Desktop reads `~/.multica/desktop.json` before the renderer starts; if the file is missing, it uses the Cloud defaults.
 
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/multica-ai/multica.git
-cd multica
-# Edit apps/desktop/.env.production:
-#   VITE_API_URL=https://api.your-domain
-#   VITE_WS_URL=wss://api.your-domain/ws
-#   VITE_APP_URL=https://your-domain
-pnpm install
-pnpm --filter @multica/desktop package
+Minimal self-host config:
+
+```json
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 1,
+  "apiUrl": "https://api.your-domain"
+}
 ```
 
-If you'd rather not build from source, the supported self-hosted path is **web frontend + CLI** — see [Self-host quickstart](/self-host-quickstart). Runtime backend configuration in Desktop is tracked in [issue #1371](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/issues/1371).
+`apiUrl` is required and must use `http` or `https`. Desktop derives `wsUrl` as `/ws` on the same origin (`wss` for `https`, `ws` for `http`) and derives `appUrl` from the API origin. If your deployment uses different origins, set them explicitly:
+
+```json
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 1,
+  "apiUrl": "https://api.your-domain",
+  "wsUrl": "wss://api.your-domain/ws",
+  "appUrl": "https://your-domain"
+}
+```
+
+If `desktop.json` exists but is invalid, Desktop fails closed and shows a blocking config error instead of silently falling back to Cloud. For development builds, `VITE_API_URL` / `VITE_WS_URL` / `VITE_APP_URL` still take precedence during `electron-vite dev`. Runtime Desktop self-host configuration was implemented for [issue #1371](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/issues/1371).
 </Callout>
 
 ## Next steps
 
 - [Cloud Quickstart](/cloud-quickstart) — the Cloud onboarding flow for Desktop
-- [Self-Host Quickstart](/self-host-quickstart) — running your own backend (Desktop against self-host requires a custom build, see the callout above)
+- [Self-Host Quickstart](/self-host-quickstart) — running your own backend and connecting with the CLI or Desktop runtime config
 - [Daemon and runtimes](/daemon-runtimes) — how the daemon works (Desktop starts it for you, but the behavior is the same)

apps/docs/content/docs/desktop-app.zh.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Multica Desktop 是什么、和 Web 有什么区别、什么时候
 
 import { Callout } from "fumadocs-ui/components/callout";
 
-Multica Desktop 是原生桌面应用——macOS / Windows / Linux 三个平台。它和 Web 版连同一个后端，看到的数据完全一样，但给了几个 Web 做不到的能力：**[工作区](/workspaces) 独立的多标签页**、**自动启动 [守护进程](/daemon-runtimes)**、**一键升级**。
+Multica Desktop 是原生桌面应用——macOS / Windows / Linux 三个平台。对它当前配置的环境来说，它和 Web 版连同一个后端、看到的数据完全一样。Desktop 默认使用 Multica Cloud；自部署实例可以通过本地运行时配置文件接入。它还给了几个 Web 做不到的能力：**[工作区](/workspaces) 独立的多标签页**、**自动启动 [守护进程](/daemon-runtimes)**、**一键升级**。
 
 ## Desktop 和 Web 该用哪个
 
@@ -66,25 +66,34 @@ macOS 版本已经签名 + 公证，第一次打开不会有"未知开发者"的
 
 安装后第一次打开需要登录——和 Web 版一样的 email + 验证码流程。登录成功后 Desktop 自动把工作区列表同步下来。
 
-<Callout type="warning">
-**发布版的 Desktop 是锁死连 Multica Cloud 的**。后端 / WebSocket / Web 前端 URL（`VITE_API_URL` / `VITE_WS_URL` / `VITE_APP_URL`）在构建时就写死了，应用内**没有切换后端的入口**。要让 Desktop 连自部署后端，需要你自己从源码 build：
+<Callout type="info">
+**Desktop 默认连接 Multica Cloud，但可以通过本地配置文件指向自部署实例。** 应用内仍然没有“连接自部署”的切换入口。Desktop 会在 renderer 启动前读取 `~/.multica/desktop.json`；如果这个文件不存在，就使用 Cloud 默认值。
 
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/multica-ai/multica.git
-cd multica
-# 编辑 apps/desktop/.env.production：
-#   VITE_API_URL=https://api.your-domain
-#   VITE_WS_URL=wss://api.your-domain/ws
-#   VITE_APP_URL=https://your-domain
-pnpm install
-pnpm --filter @multica/desktop package
+最小自部署配置：
+
+```json
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 1,
+  "apiUrl": "https://api.your-domain"
+}
 ```
 
-不想自己 build 的话，自部署的官方路径是 **Web 前端 + CLI**——见 [自部署快速上手](/self-host-quickstart)。Desktop 运行时切换后端的能力跟踪在 [issue #1371](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/issues/1371)。
+`apiUrl` 是必填项，必须使用 `http` 或 `https`。Desktop 会自动从它推导 `wsUrl`（同源 `/ws`，`https` 对应 `wss`，`http` 对应 `ws`）和 `appUrl`（API 的同源地址）。如果你的部署使用不同域名，可以显式设置：
+
+```json
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 1,
+  "apiUrl": "https://api.your-domain",
+  "wsUrl": "wss://api.your-domain/ws",
+  "appUrl": "https://your-domain"
+}
+```
+
+如果 `desktop.json` 存在但内容无效，Desktop 会 fail closed，显示阻塞式配置错误，而不是悄悄回退到 Cloud。开发构建里，`electron-vite dev` 仍然优先使用 `VITE_API_URL` / `VITE_WS_URL` / `VITE_APP_URL`。Desktop 运行时自部署配置能力对应 [issue #1371](https://github.com/multica-ai/multica/issues/1371)。
 </Callout>
 
 ## 下一步
 
 - [Cloud Quickstart](/cloud-quickstart) —— Desktop 版的 Cloud 接入流程
-- [Self-Host Quickstart](/self-host-quickstart) —— 自部署后端（Desktop 连自部署需要自行构建，见上方提示）
+- [Self-Host Quickstart](/self-host-quickstart) —— 自部署后端，并通过 CLI 或 Desktop 运行时配置连接
 - [守护进程与运行时](/daemon-runtimes) —— 守护进程机制（Desktop 自动起它，但行为一样）

apps/docs/content/docs/developers/conventions.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+---
+title: Conventions
+description: Single source of truth for code naming, i18n translation glossary, and Chinese voice guide.
+---
+
+This page is the single source of truth for code naming, the i18n translation glossary, and the Chinese voice guide. Anything that used to live in `packages/views/locales/glossary.md` or in scattered comments now lives here.
+
+If you write Multica code, change a translation, or write Chinese product copy, this is the page to reference.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Code naming
+
+### Routes
+
+Pre-workspace routes (the routes that exist before the user is in a workspace) MUST use either a single word or the `/{noun}/{verb}` pattern.
+
+- ✅ `/login`, `/inbox`, `/workspaces/new`
+- ❌ `/new-workspace`, `/create-team`, `/accept-invite`
+
+Hyphenated word groups at the root collide with user-chosen workspace slugs and force endless reserved-slug audits. Reserving the noun (`workspaces`) automatically protects the entire `/workspaces/*` subtree.
+
+### Workspace-scoped routes
+
+Always live under `/{slug}/{section}` — `/{slug}/issues`, `/{slug}/agents`, `/{slug}/settings`. Never duplicate workspace routing logic; use `useNavigation().push()` from shared code, never framework-specific link APIs.
+
+### Packages and modules
+
+The monorepo enforces strict package boundaries:
+
+| Package | May depend on | Must NOT depend on |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `packages/core` | nothing app-specific | `react-dom`, `localStorage`, `process.env`, `next/*`, UI libraries |
+| `packages/ui` | nothing | `@multica/core`, business logic |
+| `packages/views` | `core/`, `ui/` | `next/*`, `react-router-dom`, stores |
+| `apps/web/platform/` | `next/*` | other apps |
+| `apps/desktop/.../platform/` | `react-router-dom`, electron | other apps |
+
+If logic appears in both apps, it MUST be extracted to a shared package. There are no exceptions for "small" duplication.
+
+### Files and components
+
+- Files: `kebab-case.tsx` / `kebab-case.ts` (e.g. `agent-row-actions.tsx`)
+- Components: `PascalCase` (e.g. `AgentRowActions`)
+- Hooks: `useCamelCase` (e.g. `useWorkspaceId`)
+- Tests: colocated as `<file>.test.ts(x)`
+- Stores (Zustand): `<feature>-store.ts`, exported as `use<Feature>Store`
+
+### Database (Go + sqlc)
+
+- Tables: `snake_case` singular (`user`, `workspace`, `agent_runtime`)
+- Columns: `snake_case` (`workspace_id`, `created_at`, `last_seen_at`)
+- Foreign keys: `<table>_id`
+- Booleans: `is_<state>` or `<state>_at` (timestamp form preferred for state changes)
+- Migration files: `NNN_descriptive_name.up.sql` + `.down.sql` — always provide both directions
+
+### Go
+
+- Standard `gofmt` + `go vet`. No exceptions.
+- Handler files mirror domain: `agent.go`, `auth.go`, `runtime.go`
+- Tests: `<file>_test.go` colocated
+- For UUID parsing in handlers, follow the rule in the root `CLAUDE.md` — `parseUUIDOrBadRequest` for boundary input, `parseUUID` (panicking) for trusted round-trips, never `util.ParseUUID` directly without checking the error.
+
+### TypeScript
+
+- API responses on the wire are `snake_case`; the api client converts to `camelCase` at the boundary. Inside TS code, **always camelCase**.
+- Types: `PascalCase` (`Issue`, `AgentRuntime`); never `IPrefix`, never `_t` suffix.
+- Enums: prefer string literal unions; reserve `enum` for runtime-iterable cases.
+- TanStack Query keys: factory functions in `<feature>/queries.ts`, e.g. `issueKeys.detail(id)`.
+
+### Issue keys
+
+Every issue has a human-readable key like `MUL-123`: workspace `issue_prefix` (uppercase letters and digits, typically 3 chars, max 10) + sequence number. Workspace admins can change the prefix in Settings → General; changing it renumbers every existing issue, so external references that embed the old prefix (PR titles, branch names, links in docs and chat) stop resolving.
+
+### Comments in code
+
+English only. The repo enforces this for both Go and TypeScript. If you find a Chinese comment in code, it's a bug — replace it.
+
+### Commit messages
+
+Conventional format: `feat(scope)`, `fix(scope)`, `refactor(scope)`, `docs`, `test(scope)`, `chore(scope)`. Atomic commits grouped by intent.
+
+---
+
+## 2. i18n translation glossary
+
+This is the **mandatory** glossary for every translation PR. It used to live at `packages/views/locales/glossary.md`; that file is now a stub pointing here.
+
+### The core distinction: entity vs concept
+
+Multica's product nouns split into two categories:
+
+- **Entity** — has a URL, a database row, an API type. In Chinese text, render as **lowercase English** so it visually reads like a type name and signals "this is a Multica system entity".
+- **Concept** — generic noun, not a database entity. **Translate fully** so Chinese users don't see jagged English embedded in flowing text.
+
+This rule is aligned with `apps/docs/content/docs/*.zh.mdx` — the docs are the de facto Chinese voice standard and have been battle-tested across 20+ pages.
+
+### Entities — mixed rule (`issue` / `skill` / `task`)
+
+`issue` / `skill` / `task` are Multica's core entities. They have schema columns, API fields, and product UI labels that are all English. In Chinese text, they follow a **mixed rule** — what to use depends on where the word appears:
+
+| Context | Render | Example |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| **UI strings, state names, code references** | lowercase English | "排队中的 task"、"创建子 issue"、"为智能体注入 skill" |
+| **Doc titles / section headings** | Title-case English **or** the Chinese term | "Issue 与 project"、"Skills"、"执行任务" |
+| **Long-form doc prose, when the entity is the running subject** | Chinese term, with English in parentheses on first mention | "**执行任务**（task）是智能体每一次工作的单位" |
+| **API / DB fields** | always `task` / `issue` / `skill` | `task_id`, `issue_status`, `skill_uuid` |
+
+Chinese term reference:
+
+- `task` ↔ `执行任务` (or shortened to `任务` once context is clear)
+- `issue` has no settled Chinese translation — leave English; titles may capitalize as `Issue`
+- `skill` has no settled Chinese translation — leave English; titles may capitalize as `Skills`
+
+**Why `issue` / `skill` / `task` aren't forced into Chinese the way `project` / `autopilot` are**:
+
+- **`issue` / `task`**: dev teams talk in English. The Chinese candidates ("任务" — too vague, almost synonymous with "工作"; "工单" — IT ticket connotation; "议题" — GitHub-style but doesn't match the product feel) all read worse than `issue`. **But** in long-form doc prose, repeating lowercase `task` 50× breaks the rhythm — so prose is allowed to use `执行任务`, while UI strings and state names stay lowercase English.
+- **`skill`**: Multica-specific concept with no established Chinese term.
+- **`project` → "项目"**: settled mainstream Chinese word. Feishu / Tower / Teambition / PingCode / GitHub Projects — every Chinese product translates it. No product keeps `project` in Chinese context.
+- **`autopilot` → "自动化"**: in Chinese, "autopilot" associates with Tesla's "自动驾驶" and doesn't match what the feature does (run tasks on a schedule). Notion and Feishu both use "自动化"; that's the industry consensus.
+
+### Don't translate — brands and acronyms
+
+| Category | Terms |
+| --- | --- |
+| Brands | **Multica**, GitHub, Slack, Google, Anthropic, OpenAI, Claude, Codex, Cursor, Linear, Jira |
+| Acronyms | API, CLI, URL, SDK, OAuth, JWT, SSO, WebSocket, HTTP, JSON, YAML, SQL |
+
+### Translate fully — concepts
+
+| English | Chinese |
+| --- | --- |
+| Workspace | **工作区** |
+| Agent | **智能体** |
+| Project | **项目** |
+| Autopilot | **自动化** |
+| Daemon | **守护进程** |
+| Runtime | **运行时** |
+| Inbox | **收件箱** |
+| Comment | **评论** |
+| Reply | **回复** |
+| Notifications | **通知** |
+| Member | **成员** |
+| Label | **标签** |
+| Settings | **设置** |
+| Onboarding | **上手引导** |
+
+### Translate fully — generic UI words
+
+| English | Chinese |
+| --- | --- |
+| Invite / Invitation | 邀请 |
+| Search | 搜索 |
+| Email | 邮箱 (label) / 邮件 (action) |
+| Password | 密码 |
+| Sign in / Log in | 登录 |
+| Sign up | 注册 |
+| Sign out / Log out | 退出登录 |
+| Save / Cancel / Delete | 保存 / 取消 / 删除 |
+| Confirm / Continue / Back | 确认 / 继续 / 返回 |
+| Edit / New / Create / Add | 编辑 / 新建 / 创建 / 添加 |
+| Remove / Send / Open / Close | 移除 / 发送 / 打开 / 关闭 |
+| Preview / Download / Upload | 预览 / 下载 / 上传 |
+| Done / Loading... | 完成 / 加载中... |
+| Profile / Account / Appearance | 个人资料 / 账号 / 外观 |
+| Theme / Language | 主题 / 语言 |
+| Light / Dark / System | 浅色 / 深色 / 跟随系统 |
+| Active / Archived | 活跃 (or 启用) / 已归档 |
+| Status / Priority | 状态 / 优先级 |
+| Assignee / Reporter | 负责人 / 报告人 |
+| Description / Title | 描述 / 标题 |
+| Date / Time | 日期 / 时间 |
+| Today / Yesterday / Tomorrow | 今天 / 昨天 / 明天 |
+| Empty / Failed / Success | 空 / 失败 / 成功 |
+| Error / Warning | 错误 / 警告 |
+
+### Roles and status enums (lowercase English, not translated)
+
+These are schema-level identifiers; render as lowercase English even in Chinese context.
+
+- Roles: `owner` / `admin` / `member`
+- Issue status: `backlog` / `todo` / `in_progress` / `in_review` / `done` / `blocked` / `cancelled`
+
+In UI, surface them in English (optionally `code-style` wrapped):
+
+- "你需要 owner 权限"
+- "已切换到 in_progress"
+
+### Word combination rules
+
+Always put **a single space** between an English word (entity / brand / acronym) and surrounding Chinese:
+
+- "Create new issue" → "新建 issue"
+- "Assign to agent" → "分配给智能体"
+- "Configure runtime" → "配置运行时"
+- "Stop daemon" → "停止守护进程"
+
+### Plurals and counts
+
+i18next uses `_one` / `_other`; Chinese has no grammatical number, only fill `_other`.
+
+```json
+// en/issues.json
+{
+  "issue_count_one": "{{count}} issue",
+  "issue_count_other": "{{count}} issues"
+}
+
+// zh-Hans/issues.json
+{
+  "issue_count_other": "{{count}} 个 issue"
+}
+```
+
+Common count formats:
+
+- `{{count}} issues` → `{{count}} 个 issue`
+- `{{count}} agents` → `{{count}} 个智能体`
+- `{{count}} workspaces` → `{{count}} 个工作区`
+- `{{count}} comments` → `{{count}} 条评论`
+- `{{count}} members` → `{{count}} 位成员`
+- `{{count}} skills` → `{{count}} 个 skill`
+
+### Interpolation
+
+Use `{{var}}`. Chinese translations may reorder for natural sentence flow.
+
+```json
+// en
+{ "welcome_message": "Welcome back, {{name}}!" }
+
+// zh-Hans
+{ "welcome_message": "欢迎回来，{{name}}！" }
+```
+
+### Translation key naming
+
+Three-level nesting: `feature.component.action`.
+
+```json
+{
+  "feature_or_component": {
+    "subcomponent_or_section": {
+      "action_or_label": "..."
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Examples:
+
+- `issues.toolbar.batch_update_success`
+- `issues.detail.comment_form.placeholder`
+- `inbox.empty.title`
+- `settings.preferences.language.title`
+
+### Web-only / desktop-only copy
+
+- Shared copy: top level of the namespace JSON
+- Web-only: `web` section
+- Desktop-only: `desktop` section
+
+See `auth.json` for the canonical example (the `web` section contains `prefer_desktop` / `desktop_handoff.*`).
+
+---
+
+## 3. Chinese voice and style
+
+### Punctuation
+
+- Full-width punctuation in Chinese: `，。：；！？`
+- Quotes: straight double quotes `"..."` to match the English source. Do not use `「」` or curly quotes.
+- Ellipsis: three dots `...` not the single character `…`. Match the English source.
+- Mixed Chinese-English: a single space on each side of the English word (see Word combination rules).
+
+### Style principles
+
+- **Concise and direct.** Avoid translation-ese: "对于 X 来说"、"作为 X"、"我们的"。
+- **Error messages**: gentle but clear. "无法保存修改" beats "保存修改失败了！".
+- **Buttons**: verb first, 2–4 characters. "取消"、"保存修改"、"立即同步".
+- **Tooltips**: full short sentence. "复制链接到剪贴板".
+- **Placeholders**: example-style. "输入 issue 标题...".
+
+### Where to look when in doubt
+
+When the glossary doesn't cover a term, look at:
+
+1. `apps/docs/content/docs/*.zh.mdx` — the de facto Chinese voice standard, 20+ pages of consistent translation
+2. `packages/views/locales/zh-Hans/auth.json` and `editor.json` — JSON structure + selector API patterns
+3. `packages/views/auth/login-page.tsx` — component-level selector API call site
+4. `packages/views/settings/components/preferences-tab.tsx` — language switcher reference
+
+---
+
+## Updating this page
+
+If you change a rule here, also:
+
+1. Apply it in the relevant locale JSONs / CLAUDE.md / docs page
+2. Note the change in the PR description so reviewers know to look for downstream sweep
+
+This page is the contract; nothing else overrides it.

apps/docs/content/docs/developers/conventions.zh.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+---
+title: 规范
+description: 代码命名规范、i18n 翻译术语表、中文风格指南的唯一权威来源。
+---
+
+本页是代码命名规范、i18n 翻译术语表、中文风格指南的唯一权威来源。原本散落在 `packages/views/locales/glossary.md` 和各处注释里的规则现在都收拢到这里。
+
+写 Multica 代码、改翻译、写中文产品文案，都从这一页查。
+
+---
+
+## 1. 代码命名
+
+### 路由
+
+工作区前置路由（用户进入工作区之前能访问的路由）必须用单个单词，或者 `/{noun}/{verb}` 格式。
+
+- ✅ `/login`、`/inbox`、`/workspaces/new`
+- ❌ `/new-workspace`、`/create-team`、`/accept-invite`
+
+根目录的连字符词组会跟用户自选 workspace slug 冲突，逼着团队不停审保留字列表。把名词（`workspaces`）保留下来，整个 `/workspaces/*` 子树自动受保护。
+
+### 工作区路由
+
+永远用 `/{slug}/{section}` —— `/{slug}/issues`、`/{slug}/agents`、`/{slug}/settings`。共享代码不要复制路由逻辑，统一走 `useNavigation().push()`，不要直接用框架的 link API。
+
+### 包与模块
+
+monorepo 的包边界是硬约束：
+
+| 包 | 可依赖 | 不能依赖 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `packages/core` | 仅平台无关基础库 | `react-dom`、`localStorage`、`process.env`、`next/*`、UI 库 |
+| `packages/ui` | 无业务依赖 | `@multica/core`、业务逻辑 |
+| `packages/views` | `core/`、`ui/` | `next/*`、`react-router-dom`、stores |
+| `apps/web/platform/` | `next/*` | 其他 app |
+| `apps/desktop/.../platform/` | `react-router-dom`、electron | 其他 app |
+
+两个 app 都有的逻辑，**必须**抽到共享包。"小段重复"也不算例外。
+
+### 文件与组件
+
+- 文件名：`kebab-case.tsx` / `kebab-case.ts`（如 `agent-row-actions.tsx`）
+- 组件：`PascalCase`（如 `AgentRowActions`）
+- Hook：`useCamelCase`（如 `useWorkspaceId`）
+- 测试：与源文件同目录，命名 `<file>.test.ts(x)`
+- Zustand store：`<feature>-store.ts`，导出名 `use<Feature>Store`
+
+### 数据库（Go + sqlc）
+
+- 表名：`snake_case` 单数（`user`、`workspace`、`agent_runtime`）
+- 字段：`snake_case`（`workspace_id`、`created_at`、`last_seen_at`）
+- 外键：`<table>_id`
+- 布尔：`is_<state>` 或者 `<state>_at`（状态变化优先用时间戳形式）
+- 迁移文件：`NNN_descriptive_name.up.sql` + `.down.sql`，**永远写双向**
+
+### Go
+
+- 标准 `gofmt` + `go vet`，无例外
+- Handler 文件按域命名：`agent.go`、`auth.go`、`runtime.go`
+- 测试：`<file>_test.go` 同目录
+- handler 里 UUID 解析遵守根 `CLAUDE.md` 的规则：边界输入用 `parseUUIDOrBadRequest`，可信回环用 `parseUUID`（panic 版），永远不要直接用 `util.ParseUUID` 不查 error
+
+### TypeScript
+
+- 网络上 API 响应是 `snake_case`，api client 在边界处转成 `camelCase`。**TS 代码内部一律 camelCase**
+- 类型：`PascalCase`（`Issue`、`AgentRuntime`），不加 `IPrefix`，不加 `_t` 后缀
+- 枚举：优先用 string literal union，需要 runtime 迭代时才用 `enum`
+- TanStack Query key：用 `<feature>/queries.ts` 里的工厂函数，例如 `issueKeys.detail(id)`
+
+### Issue 编号
+
+每个 issue 有人类可读的编号，比如 `MUL-123`：工作区 `issue_prefix`（大写字母和数字，通常 3 个字符，最长 10 个）+ 流水号。工作区管理员可以在 Settings → General 中修改前缀；修改会让所有现有 issue 重新编号，外部引用——PR 标题、分支名、文档与聊天里的链接——里的旧前缀会失效。
+
+### 代码注释
+
+**只允许英文**。Go 和 TypeScript 都强制。如果在代码里看到中文注释，那就是 bug，替换掉。
+
+### Commit message
+
+Conventional 格式：`feat(scope)`、`fix(scope)`、`refactor(scope)`、`docs`、`test(scope)`、`chore(scope)`。按意图原子化分组。
+
+---
+
+## 2. i18n 翻译术语表
+
+这是每个翻译 PR 都必须遵守的术语表。原本在 `packages/views/locales/glossary.md`，那个文件现在是个 stub，指向这一页。
+
+### 核心区分：实体 vs 概念
+
+Multica 的产品名词分两类：
+
+- **实体（typed entity）** —— 有 URL、有数据库 row、是 API 响应里某种 type 的东西。中文里**用小写英文**呈现，视觉上像类型名，告诉读者"这是 Multica 系统里的特定实体"。
+- **概念（concept）** —— 不是数据库实体的普通名词。**完整翻译成中文**，CN 用户看不到生硬的英文。
+
+这套规则与 `apps/docs/content/docs/*.zh.mdx` 完全对齐 —— docs 是已经实战 20+ 篇的 CN voice 标准。
+
+### 实体词的混合规则（`issue` / `skill` / `task`）
+
+`issue` / `skill` / `task` 是 Multica 的核心实体。schema 字段、API 字段、产品 UI 标签都用英文。中文里采用**混合规则** —— 词出现在哪里决定怎么写：
+
+| 场景 | 写法 | 例 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| **UI 短句 / 状态名 / 代码上下文** | 小写英文 | "排队中的 task"、"创建子 issue"、"为智能体注入 skill" |
+| **doc 标题 / 章节标题** | 首字母大写英文，**或**对应中文术语 | "Issue 与 project"、"Skills"、"执行任务" |
+| **doc 正文长篇讨论中作为主语** | 中文术语，首次出现配括号英文 | "**执行任务**（task）是智能体每一次工作的单位" |
+| **API / DB 字段** | 永远 `task` / `issue` / `skill` | `task_id`、`issue_status`、`skill_uuid` |
+
+中文术语对照：
+
+- `task` ↔ `执行任务`（上下文清楚后可简写为「任务」）
+- `issue` 没有公认中文译法 —— 保留英文；标题可大写为 `Issue`
+- `skill` 没有公认中文译法 —— 保留英文；标题可大写为 `Skills`
+
+**为什么 `issue` / `skill` / `task` 不强制译，而 `project` / `autopilot` 必译**：
+
+- **`issue` / `task`**：dev 团队习惯说英文，"任务"在中文里和"工作"几乎同义太空泛，"工单"是 IT 工单语义，"议题"是 GitHub 风格但用户场景不匹配 —— 三个候选都不如 `issue` 准确。**但**在长篇 doc 正文里，重复 50 次 `task` 节奏不顺，所以正文允许用 `执行任务`，UI 短句、状态名仍保持小写英文。
+- **`skill`**：Multica 特有概念，没有公认中文译法。
+- **`project` 翻成「项目」**：中文里早就稳定的日常词。飞书 / Tower / Teambition / PingCode / GitHub Projects 中文版 0 例外都翻译成「项目」，没有产品保留 `project`。
+- **`autopilot` 翻成「自动化」**：autopilot 在中文里联想到特斯拉的「自动驾驶」，跟产品功能（按周期跑 task）对应不上。Notion / 飞书都用「自动化」，是行业共识。
+
+### 完整翻译 —— 概念词
+
+| 英 | 中 |
+| --- | --- |
+| Workspace | **工作区** |
+| Agent | **智能体** |
+| Project | **项目** |
+| Autopilot | **自动化** |
+| Daemon | **守护进程** |
+| Runtime | **运行时** |
+| Inbox | **收件箱** |
+| Comment | **评论** |
+| Reply | **回复** |
+| Notifications | **通知** |
+| Member | **成员** |
+| Label | **标签** |
+| Settings | **设置** |
+| Onboarding | **上手引导** |
+
+### 不翻 —— 品牌名 + 通用缩写
+
+| 类别 | 词 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 品牌 | **Multica**、GitHub、Slack、Google、Anthropic、OpenAI、Claude、Codex、Cursor、Linear、Jira |
+| 缩写 | API、CLI、URL、SDK、OAuth、JWT、SSO、WebSocket、HTTP、JSON、YAML、SQL |
+
+### 完整翻译 —— 通用 UI 词
+
+| 英 | 中 |
+| --- | --- |
+| Invite / Invitation | 邀请 |
+| Search | 搜索 |
+| Email | 邮箱（label）/ 邮件（action） |
+| Password | 密码 |
+| Sign in / Log in | 登录 |
+| Sign up | 注册 |
+| Sign out / Log out | 退出登录 |
+| Save / Cancel / Delete | 保存 / 取消 / 删除 |
+| Confirm / Continue / Back | 确认 / 继续 / 返回 |
+| Edit / New / Create / Add | 编辑 / 新建 / 创建 / 添加 |
+| Remove / Send / Open / Close | 移除 / 发送 / 打开 / 关闭 |
+| Preview / Download / Upload | 预览 / 下载 / 上传 |
+| Done / Loading... | 完成 / 加载中... |
+| Profile / Account / Appearance | 个人资料 / 账号 / 外观 |
+| Theme / Language | 主题 / 语言 |
+| Light / Dark / System | 浅色 / 深色 / 跟随系统 |
+| Active / Archived | 活跃（或 启用）/ 已归档 |
+| Status / Priority | 状态 / 优先级 |
+| Assignee / Reporter | 负责人 / 报告人 |
+| Description / Title | 描述 / 标题 |
+| Date / Time | 日期 / 时间 |
+| Today / Yesterday / Tomorrow | 今天 / 昨天 / 明天 |
+| Empty / Failed / Success | 空 / 失败 / 成功 |
+| Error / Warning | 错误 / 警告 |
+
+### 角色名 + 状态名（小写英文，不翻）
+
+这些是 schema-level 标识符，中文环境也保持小写英文：
+
+- 角色：`owner` / `admin` / `member`
+- Issue 状态：`backlog` / `todo` / `in_progress` / `in_review` / `done` / `blocked` / `cancelled`
+
+UI 里展示这些值时保持英文（必要时用 code-style 包起来）：
+
+- "你需要 owner 权限"
+- "已切换到 in_progress"
+
+### 词组组合规则
+
+英文词（实体名 + 品牌名 + 缩写）与中文之间**加单空格**：
+
+- "Create new issue" → "新建 issue"
+- "Assign to agent" → "分配给智能体"
+- "Configure runtime" → "配置运行时"
+- "Stop daemon" → "停止守护进程"
+
+### 复数与计数
+
+i18next 用 `_one` / `_other`；中文不区分语法单复数，只填 `_other`。
+
+```json
+// en/issues.json
+{
+  "issue_count_one": "{{count}} issue",
+  "issue_count_other": "{{count}} issues"
+}
+
+// zh-Hans/issues.json
+{
+  "issue_count_other": "{{count}} 个 issue"
+}
+```
+
+常见计数格式：
+
+- `{{count}} issues` → `{{count}} 个 issue`
+- `{{count}} agents` → `{{count}} 个智能体`
+- `{{count}} workspaces` → `{{count}} 个工作区`
+- `{{count}} comments` → `{{count}} 条评论`
+- `{{count}} members` → `{{count}} 位成员`
+- `{{count}} skills` → `{{count}} 个 skill`
+
+### 插值
+
+用 `{{var}}` 形式。中文翻译可以调整位置以符合中文语序。
+
+```json
+// en
+{ "welcome_message": "Welcome back, {{name}}!" }
+
+// zh-Hans
+{ "welcome_message": "欢迎回来，{{name}}！" }
+```
+
+### Key 命名约定
+
+3 层嵌套：`feature.component.action`。
+
+```json
+{
+  "feature_or_component": {
+    "subcomponent_or_section": {
+      "action_or_label": "..."
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+实例：
+
+- `issues.toolbar.batch_update_success`
+- `issues.detail.comment_form.placeholder`
+- `inbox.empty.title`
+- `settings.preferences.language.title`
+
+### Web-only / Desktop-only 文案位置
+
+- 共享文案：放 namespace JSON 顶层
+- Web-only：放 `web` 段
+- Desktop-only：放 `desktop` 段
+
+参考 `auth.json`（`web` 段含 `prefer_desktop` / `desktop_handoff.*`）。
+
+---
+
+## 3. 中文风格
+
+### 标点
+
+- 中文用全角标点：`，。：；！？`
+- 引号：用 `"..."`（直引号），与英文 source 保持一致。**不要**用 `「」` 或弯引号
+- 省略号：用 `...`（三点）而非 `…`（单字符），与英文 source 保持一致
+- 中英混排：英文词左右各加 1 个空格（详见词组组合规则）
+
+### 风格原则
+
+- **简洁直白**：避免翻译腔，"对于 X 来说"、"作为 X"、"我们的"
+- **错误信息**：温和但明确，"无法保存修改" 优于 "保存修改失败了！"
+- **按钮**：动词开头，2-4 字最佳。"取消"、"保存修改"、"立即同步"
+- **Tooltip**：完整短句。"复制链接到剪贴板"
+- **placeholder**：示例性提示。"输入 issue 标题..."
+
+### 拿不准的时候去哪查
+
+术语表没覆盖的词，按这个顺序查：
+
+1. `apps/docs/content/docs/*.zh.mdx` —— CN voice 事实标准，20+ 篇高度一致
+2. `packages/views/locales/zh-Hans/auth.json` 和 `editor.json` —— JSON 结构 + selector API 用法参考
+3. `packages/views/auth/login-page.tsx` —— 组件层 selector API 调用参考
+4. `packages/views/settings/components/preferences-tab.tsx` —— 语言切换器参考
+
+---
+
+## 修改这一页时
+
+改本页规则的同时还要：
+
+1. 把规则在相关 locale JSON / CLAUDE.md / docs 页面里同步落地
+2. PR 描述里写明改了什么，方便 reviewer 检查下游是否跟着改了
+
+本页是契约，其他文档不能 override。

apps/docs/content/docs/developers/meta.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "title": "Developers",
+  "pages": ["conventions"]
+}

apps/docs/content/docs/developers/meta.zh.json

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "title": "Developers",
-  "pages": ["contributing", "architecture"]
+  "pages": ["contributing", "architecture", "conventions"]
 }

apps/docs/content/docs/environment-variables.mdx

@@ -35,14 +35,28 @@ These are the core variables you must think about before deploying — some have
 
 ## Email configuration
 
-Multica uses [Resend](https://resend.com/) to send verification codes and invite emails.
+Multica supports two delivery backends — [Resend](https://resend.com/) for cloud deployments, or an SMTP relay for internal / on-premise networks. `SMTP_HOST` takes priority over `RESEND_API_KEY` when both are set.
+
+### Resend
 
 | Variable | Default | Description |
 |---|---|---|
 | `RESEND_API_KEY` | empty | Resend API key |
-| `RESEND_FROM_EMAIL` | `noreply@multica.ai` | Sender address (must be a domain verified in your Resend account) |
+| `RESEND_FROM_EMAIL` | `noreply@multica.ai` | Sender address (must be a domain verified in your Resend account; also reused as the `From:` header when SMTP is in use) |
 
-**Behavior when `RESEND_API_KEY` is unset**: the server does not error, but every email that should have been sent (verification codes, invite links) **is written to the server's stdout only**. Convenient for local development — copy the code out of the server logs; **in production, forgetting to set this creates a silent black hole**, with users never receiving email and no error surfaced.
+### SMTP relay
+
+| Variable | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `SMTP_HOST` | empty | SMTP relay hostname. Setting this activates SMTP mode and overrides Resend |
+| `SMTP_PORT` | `25` | SMTP port. Use `587` for STARTTLS submission; **port 465 (SMTPS / implicit TLS) is not supported** |
+| `SMTP_USERNAME` | empty | SMTP username. Leave empty for unauthenticated relay |
+| `SMTP_PASSWORD` | empty | SMTP password |
+| `SMTP_TLS_INSECURE` | `false` | Set `true` to skip TLS certificate verification (private CA / self-signed only) |
+
+STARTTLS is upgraded automatically when the server advertises it. The dial timeout is 10s and the whole SMTP session has a 30s deadline, so a black-holed relay can't hang the auth handler.
+
+**Behavior when neither is set**: the server does not error, but every email that should have been sent (verification codes, invite links) **is written to the server's stdout only**. Convenient for local development — copy the code out of the server logs; **in production, forgetting to set this creates a silent black hole**, with users never receiving email and no error surfaced.
 
 ## Google OAuth configuration
 
@@ -66,13 +80,19 @@ Multica stores user-uploaded attachments (images and files in comments). **S3 is
 
 | Variable | Default | Description |
 |---|---|---|
-| `S3_BUCKET` | empty | Setting this enables S3 storage |
-| `S3_REGION` | `us-west-2` | AWS region |
+| `S3_BUCKET` | empty | **Bucket name only** (for example `my-bucket`). Do **not** include the `.s3.<region>.amazonaws.com` suffix — the server constructs the public host from `S3_BUCKET` + `S3_REGION`. Setting this enables S3 storage |
+| `S3_REGION` | `us-west-2` | AWS region. Must match the bucket's actual region — it is used both for SDK signing and for building the public URL |
 | `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` / `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` | empty | Static credentials. When both are unset, the AWS SDK default credential chain is used (IAM role / environment credentials) |
 | `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` | empty | Custom S3-compatible endpoint (for example [MinIO](https://min.io/)). Setting this switches to path-style URLs |
 
 **When `S3_BUCKET` is unset**: the server logs `"S3_BUCKET not set, cloud upload disabled"` at startup, and all uploads fall back to local disk.
 
+**Public URLs** are constructed in this order of priority:
+
+1. `https://<CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN>/<key>` if `CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN` is set.
+2. `<AWS_ENDPOINT_URL>/<S3_BUCKET>/<key>` (path-style) if `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` is set.
+3. `https://<S3_BUCKET>.s3.<S3_REGION>.amazonaws.com/<key>` (virtual-hosted-style). When `S3_BUCKET` contains dots, the server falls back to `https://s3.<S3_REGION>.amazonaws.com/<S3_BUCKET>/<key>` (path-style) because the AWS-issued wildcard TLS certificate does not validate dotted bucket hosts.
+
 ### Local disk (when S3 is not configured)
 
 | Variable | Default | Description |
@@ -108,6 +128,25 @@ Three allowlist layers combine by priority. **If any layer is set to a non-empty
 
 **Invite flows themselves do not check the signup allowlist** — but the invitee must still be able to **sign in** before accepting the invite. If they already have a Multica account (for example from another workspace), they can accept directly, unaffected by the allowlist; **if they have never signed up**, the first step of sign-in (requesting a verification code) still passes through the allowlist check, and an email rejected by `ALLOW_SIGNUP=false` or by `ALLOWED_EMAILS` / `ALLOWED_EMAIL_DOMAINS` **cannot finish signup, and therefore cannot accept the invite**.
 
+## Rate limiting (optional Redis)
+
+Public auth endpoints — `/auth/send-code`, `/auth/verify-code`, `/auth/google` — have per-IP fixed-window rate limiting in front of them. The limiter is backed by Redis. When `REDIS_URL` is unset the middleware is a **no-op** (fail-open) and the backend logs `rate limiting disabled: REDIS_URL not configured` at startup.
+
+| Variable | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `REDIS_URL` | empty | Redis connection URL (for example `redis://localhost:6379/0`). When unset, rate limiting on auth endpoints is disabled. The same Redis is also used by the realtime hub fan-out, the PAT cache, and the daemon-token cache — they all fall back to in-memory / direct-DB mode when unset |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_AUTH` | `5` | Max requests per IP per minute against `/auth/send-code` and `/auth/google` |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_AUTH_VERIFY` | `20` | Max requests per IP per minute against `/auth/verify-code` |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES` | empty | Comma-separated CIDRs whose `X-Forwarded-For` header the limiter is allowed to trust. Empty (the default) means **never trust XFF** — the limiter only uses the direct connection's `RemoteAddr` |
+
+When a request is over the limit, the server replies with `429 Too Many Requests`, `Retry-After: 60`, and body `{"error":"too many requests"}`.
+
+<Callout type="warning">
+**Behind a reverse proxy you must set `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES`.** Otherwise every real user shares the proxy's IP from the backend's point of view, the whole deployment ends up in one bucket, and `/auth/send-code` becomes 5 req/min for the entire site. Typical values: `127.0.0.1/32,::1/128` for a same-host Caddy / Nginx; the CDN's published ranges for Cloudflare / ALB / CloudFront. Only IPs whose `RemoteAddr` falls inside one of these CIDRs may use `X-Forwarded-For` to identify the client.
+</Callout>
+
+This separate `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES` is **not** the same as `MULTICA_TRUSTED_PROXIES`, which controls the autopilot-webhook limiter (`/api/webhooks/autopilots/{token}`). Each limiter parses its own list, so a deployment behind a proxy should set both.
+
 ## Daemon tuning parameters
 
 The daemon runs on the user's local machine, and its config is read from local environment variables too. The common ones:
@@ -135,6 +174,22 @@ For a full explanation of how each parameter affects daemon behavior, see [Daemo
 **Leaving `FRONTEND_ORIGIN` unset creates two silent failures**: (1) invite email links point at `https://app.multica.ai` (the hosted domain), and clicking them doesn't bring users back to your self-hosted instance; (2) WebSocket Origin checks fall back to `localhost:3000 / 5173 / 5174`, so every WebSocket connection in a production deployment is rejected and the frontend appears to "lose real-time updates."
 </Callout>
 
+## GitHub integration
+
+The [GitHub PR ↔ issue integration](/github-integration) needs two variables. Set both to enable Connect GitHub in Settings and accept incoming webhooks.
+
+| Variable | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `GITHUB_APP_SLUG` | empty | The slug of your GitHub App (the tail of `https://github.com/apps/<slug>`). Drives the Settings → GitHub install button URL |
+| `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET` | empty | The Webhook secret you set on the GitHub App. Used for HMAC-SHA256 verification of every `pull_request` / `installation` delivery, and as the HMAC key for the setup-callback state token |
+
+**Behavior when either is unset:**
+
+- `Connect GitHub` in Settings → GitHub is **disabled** and shows a "not configured" hint to admins.
+- The `/api/webhooks/github` endpoint returns **`503 github webhooks not configured`** — Multica refuses to process events with no secret rather than treating every signature as valid.
+
+**Note:** `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET` is reused as the signing key for the install-flow state token, so operators only need to manage one secret. It is **not** the GitHub App's *Client* secret — Client secrets are OAuth-related and not used by this integration. See [GitHub integration → Self-host setup](/github-integration#self-host-setup) for the full walkthrough.
+
 ## Usage analytics
 
 By default, the server reports to Multica's official PostHog instance. To opt out, set `ANALYTICS_DISABLED=true`.
@@ -148,5 +203,6 @@ By default, the server reports to Multica's official PostHog instance. To opt ou
 ## Next
 
 - [Sign-in and signup configuration](/auth-setup) — how to actually configure the auth-related variables above and where the traps are
+- [GitHub integration](/github-integration) — how to set up the GitHub App that backs `GITHUB_APP_SLUG` / `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET`
 - [Troubleshooting](/troubleshooting) — symptoms and fixes for common misconfigurations
 - [Daemon and runtimes](/daemon-runtimes) — what the `MULTICA_DAEMON_*` parameters actually do

apps/docs/content/docs/environment-variables.zh.mdx

@@ -35,14 +35,28 @@ Multica 的 [自部署](/self-host-quickstart) 服务器启动时从环境变量
 
 ## 怎么配邮件
 
-Multica 用 [Resend](https://resend.com/) 发验证码和邀请邮件。
+Multica 支持两种邮件发送通道——[Resend](https://resend.com/) 适合公网部署，SMTP relay 适合内网/自部署。同时设置时 `SMTP_HOST` 优先级高于 `RESEND_API_KEY`。
+
+### Resend
 
 | 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
 |---|---|---|
 | `RESEND_API_KEY` | 空 | Resend API key |
-| `RESEND_FROM_EMAIL` | `noreply@multica.ai` | 发件地址（必须是 Resend 账号已验证的域名）|
+| `RESEND_FROM_EMAIL` | `noreply@multica.ai` | 发件地址（必须是 Resend 账号已验证的域名；走 SMTP 时同时作为 `From:` 头）|
 
-**不设 `RESEND_API_KEY` 时的行为**：server 不会报错，但所有本该发出去的邮件（验证码、邀请链接）**只打到 server 的 stdout**。本地开发时方便——你从 server 日志里抄验证码；**生产环境忘记设就是黑洞**，用户收不到邮件也没任何错误提示。
+### SMTP relay
+
+| 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `SMTP_HOST` | 空 | SMTP relay 主机名。设置后即启用 SMTP 模式并覆盖 Resend |
+| `SMTP_PORT` | `25` | SMTP 端口。STARTTLS 提交端口用 `587`；**暂不支持 465（SMTPS / 隐式 TLS）** |
+| `SMTP_USERNAME` | 空 | SMTP 用户名。留空表示未认证 relay |
+| `SMTP_PASSWORD` | 空 | SMTP 密码 |
+| `SMTP_TLS_INSECURE` | `false` | 设为 `true` 跳过 TLS 证书校验（仅限私有 CA / 自签证书）|
+
+服务端 advertise STARTTLS 时会自动升级。dial 超时 10s，整个 SMTP 会话有 30s deadline，避免 relay 黑洞把 auth handler 挂死。
+
+**两种都不设的行为**：server 不会报错，但所有本该发出去的邮件（验证码、邀请链接）**只打到 server 的 stdout**。本地开发方便（你从 server 日志里抄验证码）；**生产环境忘记设就是黑洞**，用户收不到邮件也没任何错误提示。
 
 ## 怎么配 Google OAuth
 
@@ -66,13 +80,19 @@ Multica 存储用户上传的附件（评论里的图片、文件等）。**优
 
 | 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
 |---|---|---|
-| `S3_BUCKET` | 空 | 设了就启用 S3 存储 |
-| `S3_REGION` | `us-west-2` | AWS 区域 |
+| `S3_BUCKET` | 空 | **只填 bucket 名**（例如 `my-bucket`），**不要**带 `.s3.<region>.amazonaws.com` 后缀——server 会用 `S3_BUCKET` + `S3_REGION` 自己拼公开 host。设了就启用 S3 存储 |
+| `S3_REGION` | `us-west-2` | AWS 区域。必须和 bucket 所在区域一致——SDK 签名和公开 URL 都用它 |
 | `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` / `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` | 空 | 静态凭证。全未设时用 AWS SDK 默认凭证链（IAM role / 环境凭证）|
 | `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` | 空 | 自定义 S3 兼容端点（例如 [MinIO](https://min.io/)）。设了会切到 path-style URL |
 
 **`S3_BUCKET` 未设时**：server 启动时打 info 日志 `"S3_BUCKET not set, cloud upload disabled"`，所有上传回落到本地磁盘。
 
+**公开 URL** 按优先级拼装：
+
+1. 设了 `CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN` → `https://<CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN>/<key>`
+2. 设了 `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` → `<AWS_ENDPOINT_URL>/<S3_BUCKET>/<key>`（path-style）
+3. 默认走 AWS S3 → `https://<S3_BUCKET>.s3.<S3_REGION>.amazonaws.com/<key>`（virtual-hosted-style）。bucket 名含点时会回落到 `https://s3.<S3_REGION>.amazonaws.com/<S3_BUCKET>/<key>`（path-style），因为 AWS 通配证书无法覆盖含点 host。
+
 ### 本地磁盘（S3 未配时）
 
 | 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
@@ -108,6 +128,25 @@ Multica 存储用户上传的附件（评论里的图片、文件等）。**优
 
 **邀请流程本身不检查 signup 白名单**——但被邀请人必须先能**登录**才能接受邀请。如果对方已经有 Multica 账号（比如在其他工作区注册过），可以直接接受，不受白名单影响；**如果对方还没注册过**，他们登录的第一步（发送验证码）仍然会过白名单检查，被 `ALLOW_SIGNUP=false` 或 `ALLOWED_EMAILS` / `ALLOWED_EMAIL_DOMAINS` 拒绝的邮箱**无法完成注册，也就没法接受邀请**。
 
+## 速率限制（可选 Redis）
+
+公开认证端点——`/auth/send-code`、`/auth/verify-code`、`/auth/google`——前面挂了按 IP 的固定窗口限流。限流器后端是 Redis。`REDIS_URL` 不设时中间件**直通**（fail-open），后端启动会打日志 `rate limiting disabled: REDIS_URL not configured`。
+
+| 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `REDIS_URL` | 空 | Redis 连接 URL（例如 `redis://localhost:6379/0`）。不设时认证端点的限流功能直接关闭。同一个 Redis 也被实时事件 fan-out、PAT 缓存、守护进程 token 缓存复用；不设时这些组件分别回落到内存模式 / 直查 DB |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_AUTH` | `5` | 单 IP 每分钟对 `/auth/send-code` 和 `/auth/google` 的最大请求数 |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_AUTH_VERIFY` | `20` | 单 IP 每分钟对 `/auth/verify-code` 的最大请求数 |
+| `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES` | 空 | 逗号分隔的 CIDR 列表，列在内的来源 IP 才允许通过 `X-Forwarded-For` 标识客户端。默认空 = **永不信任 XFF**，限流器只看直连的 `RemoteAddr` |
+
+被限流的请求会返回 `429 Too Many Requests`，带 `Retry-After: 60` 头和 `{"error":"too many requests"}` 响应体。
+
+<Callout type="warning">
+**部署在反向代理后面时必须设 `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES`。** 否则在后端看来所有真实用户都共用代理那个 IP，整个部署落到同一个桶里，`/auth/send-code` 会变成全站每分钟只能发 5 次。常见值：本机 Caddy / Nginx 用 `127.0.0.1/32,::1/128`；Cloudflare / ALB / CloudFront 用各家公开的 CDN IP 段。只有 `RemoteAddr` 落在这些 CIDR 内的请求才被允许通过 `X-Forwarded-For` 改写客户端 IP。
+</Callout>
+
+这里的 `RATE_LIMIT_TRUSTED_PROXIES` 和 `MULTICA_TRUSTED_PROXIES` **不是同一个**变量——后者控制的是 autopilot webhook 端点（`/api/webhooks/autopilots/{token}`）的限流器。两个限流器各自读各自的列表，部署在代理后面的实例需要两个都配上。
+
 ## 守护进程的调节参数
 
 守护进程跑在用户本地机器上，配置也是读本地环境变量。常用的几个：
@@ -135,6 +174,22 @@ Multica 存储用户上传的附件（评论里的图片、文件等）。**优
 **`FRONTEND_ORIGIN` 不设就有两个静默失败**：（1）邀请邮件里的链接指向 `https://app.multica.ai`（托管版的域名），用户点了跳不回你的 self-host 实例；（2）WebSocket 连接的 Origin 校验回落到 `localhost:3000 / 5173 / 5174`，生产部署的 WebSocket 全部被拒，前端看起来「实时更新不工作」。
 </Callout>
 
+## GitHub 集成
+
+[GitHub PR ↔ issue 集成](/github-integration) 依赖两个环境变量。两个都配上才会启用 Settings 里的 Connect GitHub 并接受 webhook。
+
+| 环境变量 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `GITHUB_APP_SLUG` | 空 | 你的 GitHub App slug（`https://github.com/apps/<slug>` 的尾部）。Settings → GitHub 里安装按钮的跳转 URL 用它拼 |
+| `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET` | 空 | 你在 GitHub App 上设置的 Webhook secret。每条 `pull_request` / `installation` delivery 都用它做 HMAC-SHA256 校验；同一个值也用作 setup 回调里 state token 的签名密钥 |
+
+**任一变量未设时：**
+
+- Settings → GitHub 里 `Connect GitHub` 按钮 **disable**，对 admin 显示「not configured」提示
+- `/api/webhooks/github` 直接返回 **`503 github webhooks not configured`**——secret 没配置时 Multica 拒绝处理任何 webhook 事件，而不是把所有签名当 valid
+
+**注意：** `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET` 同时被复用为 install 流程里 state token 的签名密钥，所以运维只需要维护一个 secret。它**不是** GitHub App 的 *Client* secret——Client secret 是 OAuth 用的，和本集成无关。完整配置流程见 [GitHub 集成 → Self-Host 配置](/github-integration#self-host-配置)。
+
 ## 用量统计
 
 默认上报到 Multica 官方 PostHog 实例。不想上报就把 `ANALYTICS_DISABLED=true`。
@@ -148,5 +203,6 @@ Multica 存储用户上传的附件（评论里的图片、文件等）。**优
 ## 下一步
 
 - [登录与注册配置](/auth-setup) —— 上面 auth 相关的那几个环境变量怎么真的配、陷阱在哪
+- [GitHub 集成](/github-integration) —— `GITHUB_APP_SLUG` / `GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET` 背后的 GitHub App 怎么建
 - [故障排查](/troubleshooting) —— 配错了常见的症状和修复
 - [守护进程与运行时](/daemon-runtimes) —— `MULTICA_DAEMON_*` 参数的行为含义